Murmansk: labantu, usayizi waso kanye nokusungulwa yobuhlanga

Enye yezinhlangano ezinkulu kunazo port amadolobha aseRussia kuyinto Murmansk. labantu Its abakhileyo ayizinkulungwane 305. Indlela ukushintsha inani abakhileyo Murmansk eminyakeni? Yini ubuzwe baphile lapha? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo neminye lokubala ubuningi babantu uzothola kulesi sihloko.

Murmansk - idolobha elisezweni lase-Arctic Circle

umsuka Very interesting igama lomuzi. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lwamaSlav kulezi zingxenye ngokuthi "Murman" baseNorway (the Normans). Cishe, kamuva waziwa ngokuthi umhlaba zendawo - ogwini loLwandle uBarents futhi yonke iNhlonhlo Kola. Lapho ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili wamakhela khona uJehova i-port, ke lethiwa - Romanov-on-Murman, okuyinto emva ukufika namandla Soviet siguqulelwa "Murmansk".

Inani labantu base-edolobheni uphoqelekile ukuba ziphile ezimweni ezinzima zezulu. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba Murmansk itholakala kwe-Arctic Circle. Ngobusuku polar isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga - kusuka 2 Disemba kuya ku-11 Januwari.

Ngo ukwakhiwa yokuhlala Murmansk wabusa panel eliphezulu liphumele izakhiwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuvamile izindonga ahlotshiswe yamatshe ezimibalabala. Ngale ndlela, iziphathimandla zedolobha ozama ukubhekana "umbala yokulamba" ngoba ebusika lapha ihlala izinyanga mayelana 7-8.

Murmansk: labantu kanye namandla okubakhona yayo iminyaka

Ngenani izakhamuzi zomuzi wakubo ithatha isikhundla 64th eRussia. 305 000 abantu - ukuthi labantu emzini Murmansk iqinile ekuqaleni 2015.

Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemva kokumiswa emzaneni (ngo-1917) kwakukhona abantu 1300 kuphela. Inani labantu base-emzini Murmansk ekuqaleni ukwandisa ngokushesha ngasekupheleni 20, ngemva nje kokuqalwa eSoviet Northern Fleet. Ngaphambi nje kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II, idolobha linabantu cishe izinkulungwane 120 abantu.

Labantu lalanda ngisho phakathi nempi, njengoba sekuyisikhathi eside Murmansk kwaba Empeleni echwebeni kuphela lapho iSoviet Union lokufeza ezohwebo angaphandle. Eminyakeni ematjhumi amabili post-yimpi, labantu kulo muzi liye laphindeka kabili. Eminyakeni eyalandela, Murmansk wakhula ikakhulukazi ngenxa ukuthutheleka kwababaleki.

Inkinga kwedemografikhi waqala emzini ekuqaleni '90s, lapho ethutha aphume intsha cishe 30,000. esifanayo Isimo sasidabukisa ke kuphela Grozny, owasinda Chechen impi yokuqala. Phakathi kuka-1989 no-2002, umuzi "elahlekile" kuze 150 ayizinkulungwane kwezakhamuzi zawo.

Outflow kusuka intsha kuye kwaholela enye inkinga-acute yobuzwe: namhlanje, omubi fixed ngonyaka Murmansk kwenani labantu yemvelo (mayelana 0.5% ngonyaka).

Murmansk: labantu kanye nokusungulwa yayo yobuhlanga

Umqondo ukwakha lamachweba kule ndawo kuhlehlela emuva 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu XIX. Lezi nezifiso yilezi Kucacile: khona lapha ka itheku elikhulu of the Empire, Russian wavula ukufinyelela khulula e-Arctic Ocean.

Ngo-1916, entabeni yayakhiwe emzini Murmansk. Phela, njengoba kwakunguye owayehola isiphetho zokugcina, eyasungulwa ngo-uMbuso Russian. Ngemva konyaka, njengoba sazi, isimo tsarist abasekho.

Abase labantu edolobheni oluphakeme iyunifomu. Ngokusho yakamuva labantu yokubala abantu, eyaqhutshwa ngo-2010, Russian (cishe 89%) bahlala Murmansk, Ukraine (4.5%), Belarusians, AmaTatar, Finns, kanye nabamele bezinye izizwe.

isakhiwo sezenkolo sabantu ezisemadolobheni kuyinto mnandi. Ngo Murmansk kunamaqembu 17 zenkolo, kuhlanganise indawo ehamba phambili kungokwalabo Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Lo muzi ubizwa amasonto okungenani eziyishumi Orthodox, nalapha kuyinto sihlalo we-Metropolitan Simon.

Kwethulwa e Murmansk namaKatolika bafeze inkonzo yabo Esontweni St UMikayeli Ingelosi Eyinhloko. Bhalisa lapha njengoba amaProthestani (ikakhulukazi amaBaptist, amaSabatha, Likamoya oFakazi BakaJehova). Umphakathi encane amaSulumane Murmansk erects uqobo mosque. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muzi kubhaliswe inhlangano Krishna yenkolo "Society for Krishna Consciousness."

isiphetho

Phakathi kwemizi, okuyinto zitholakala ngemuva kwe-Arctic Circle, esikhulu kunazo zonke Murmansk. Abantu ziphoqelelwa ukuba ziphile ngendlela ebusika eside kakhulu elibuhlungu kanye yonyaka ebusuku polar inyanga eside. Namuhla-ke inabantu abangaphezu kuka-300 eziyinkulungwane.