Kushintshana kagesi

Kushintshana kagesi lamanje - zamanje nge isiqondiso isikhathi obuhlukahlukene futhi amandla. Labo imisinga ukuthi ziyahlukahluka kuphela ngobukhulu, ngokuthi ejabhile. Ngo umkhakha futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke uvame esetshenziswa kushintshana zamanje sinusoidal.

Ukuguqula DC ukuze AC kagesi engenziwa kanje. Wafakwa iyunifomu static magnetic field ikhoyili wire. Nge Ukujikeleza umfaniswano ikhoyili mayelana ahlangene yokucucuza kazibuthe ngeke ngokuqhubekayo ziyehluka nokubaluleka isiqondiso. Ngenxa yalokho, ngomthetho lokungeniswa kagesi, bakha ikhoyili okuguquguqukayo isiqondiso nokubaluleka ibutho electromotive (EMF). Uma ikhoyili onjalo ixhumeke wesifunda zangaphandle, khona-ke sithola i zamanje kushintshana kagesi.

Lapho indiza kwekhoyili ujikelezisa iba perpendicular mayelana emigqeni emkhakheni kazibuthe odlulayo therethrough yokucucuza kazibuthe - kwekulu (Φ = Φmax), isivinini ushintsho yayo oholayo (ΔΦ / Δt = 0), njengoba sidlula endaweni isikhundla Kuqondisa revolution ukushelela imizila amandla, ngaphandle ukweqa kubo. Ngakho, lokungeniswa amandla electromotive kwakheka ikhoyili iba oholayo (E = 0).

Lapho indiza ikhoyili parallel imizila amandla, Flux singangeni ngaphakathi kuyo, ilingana zero (Φ = 0), izinga ushintsho esiphezulu yayo kulesi sikhundla ((ΔΦ / Δt) max), njengoba babashayeli ikhoyili lihamba perpendicular imigqa amandla.

amandla Electromotive zingaveli Kulokhu kumjikelezo, has a seqiwe (E = Emax). Lapho Ukujikeleza obengeziwe emazombezombe isivinini ushintsho ecucuza ekujuleni ikhoyili kuzokhulisa; Ngakho-ke, EMF e inani eliphelele kuzokhulisa kusuka 0 kuya Emax. Ngakho, izinga EMF eyenga e ikhoyili ujikelezisa revolution ngamunye kushintsha kusuka -Emax yayo + Emax.

Nathi evulekile ikhoyili wire futhi ulinamathisela oscilloscope. Lapho ikhoyili uzungeza e kazibuthe, le oscilloscope izoqopha zonke izinguquko zamanje, okuyinto bayokwahlulelwa, futhi ushintsho bebutho electromotive e ikhoyili phakathi nokuvukela.

Lamanje ekhiqizwa kuleli ikhoyili phakathi nokwelashwa kwayo umfaniswano ensimini iyunifomu kazibuthe, njengoba kuboniswa umumo gagasi kuyahlukahluka sinusoidally. Lokhu lamanje ngokuthi kushintshana sinusoidal.

Inkathi isikhathi okwakukhona kuzo amandla electromotive wenza omunye oscillation, ngokuthi inkathi AC.

Incwadi ukuqokwa oscillation isikhathi - T. Isibalo oscillations ngayinye 1 yesibili - ifrikhwensi, okuyinto ebekwe f incwadi. unit Its yokukala - hertz (Hz):

f = 1 / T, noma T = 1 / f.

Uma inani le-EMF esikhathini esithile ngokungenasizathu luchazwa ngegama e (inani layo leso), futhi inani elikhulu (isiqongo) - ngokusebenzisa Emax, umthetho ezwakalisa ukwencika okungukuthi, ngezikhathi ezithile, ungaboniswa njengoba inkulumo elandelayo esimweni a wamanje sinusoidal:

e = Emax˖sin (2 / T) t.

Emazweni amaningi, ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye yokuhlala kushintshana kagesi nge imvamisa 50 Hz, isikhathi kwenkathi 0.02 yesibili.

Ukulungiselela kushintshana zamanje kagesi kusukela amandla mechanical wenziwa esebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, ababiziweyo ugesi. Isimiso yomsebenzi wabo - umthetho lokungeniswa kagesi. Kakhulu elula oscillator wesifunda kungenzeka umelwe Uhlaka uzungeza eksisi e kazibuthe i electromagnet noma uzibuthe unomphela. Uma ukushintshanisa Uhlaka ezakhiwe variable amandla electromotive kuwo. By oxhumanisa Uhlaka i wesifunda zangaphandle, sithola uhlelo wamanje kushintshana kagesi. Kuvele alternator kokuba uhlelo kazibuthe umile nocingo ujikelezisa esakhiwe kanini.

Cishe zonke Windings generator (ihange) isethwe umile futhi uhlelo uzibuthe (inductor) ijikeleziswa. Engenakususwa ingxenye generator ibizwa ngokuthi stator, futhi ezithathekayo - Rotor.