Kuyini ubuchwepheshe? Concept, izibonelo, isicelo

Ubuchwepheshe yizici ebalulekile impucuko yesimanje. Kuyini, cishe wonke umuntu uyaqonda. Kodwa ngokuphumelelayo lamukele ulwazi lwabo, Isimanga siwukuthi, abantu nzima impela. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bambalwa kakhulu abantu bajwayelene definition eqondile.

Kuyini ubuchwepheshe?

Ubuchwepheshe - kuyinto ubunjiniyela ezesayensi nolwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi, eyayibonakala obusingethwe izindlela nezindlela yomsebenzi, amasethi izingxenye zokukhiqiza impahla-impahla kanye nezinhlobo inhlanganisela zidalwe ukuthola umkhiqizo noma isevisi ethile. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwaleli gama kungabhekwa njengokuvikela iqoqo izindlela zokuhlela izinto zokusetshenziswa, nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo nazo zonke izinqubo ezihambisana zalezi zinhlobo imisebenzi. Ethandwa kakhulu okwamanje ibinzana "ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu". It lisetshenziswa ukuze libhekisele ukuqaliswa uhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi umsebenzi, umphumela wukuthi ungakwazi uthole umphumela amazing, kusekelwe emhlabeni ezincane ezisizungezile.

Yiziphi izimfuneko lwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla?

Njengoba yethula, amakhulu ezinkulungwane eminyakeni edlule, yathuthuka kakhulu. ubuchwepheshe Ngasekuqaleni iqoqo bakudala yezenzo, okungase okwamanje zenziwe cishe noma yikuphi umuntu okhona. Kodwa isikhathi sasiqhubeka, futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi. Manje core ubuchwepheshe eziphambili izimfuno elingaphezulu kakhulu kwaleli.

1. Kumele kube khona uhlelo ubuqotho (ukuphelela) inqubo. Kufanele zihlanganisa iqoqo izakhi ezizohlinzeka ukuphelela edingekayo isinyathelo eziyoholela zokufinyelela lowo mgomo.
2. Iziqu abalulekile division zibe inqubo ehlukile isinyathelo noma ukukhishwa isigaba.
3. Regularity futhi ubunjalo ukuthi uzosebenzisa kumanani esilinganiso ukuchaza izenzo ezenziwe nokuziphatha ubunye babo bese Standardization.
4. Ubuchwepheshe kumele atehlukaniseki ukuze inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngokwaso futhi zivela njengoba zichaziwe izinyathelo ukuthi yenziwa ngesikhathi.
5. Yonke inqubo wenziwa izinhlelo yokufakelwa ekhethekile zidalwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqaliswa izidingo zomuntu ngamunye.

Kwebalingisi izinqubo zobuchwepheshe

Lokho abayikho, sinqume kakade. Yiziphi izimfuneko lwezobuchwepheshe banamuhla, futhi, isivele ezaziwayo. Futhi yini engase ishiwo ngezici zabo ethize? Yiziphi izinqubo? Ukuze wenze lokhu, sibheke la maphuzu amathathu, okuyokwenza ukuba ukuhlola "ngaphakathi".

1. Inqubo kufanele ihlukaniswe oxhumene ukusebenza kwangaphakathi, isigaba, kanye nemibandela ezinikeza elilungile noma eduze naso Dynamics. Futhi ukubeka phambili imikhawulo okunengqondo izisebenzi izidingo kumele kuchazwe, ukuthi uzosebenzisana lobu buchwepheshe.
2. Kudinga kokuxhumana ukuxhumana kanye ukulandelana imisebenzi kanye nokusebenza enzelwe ukuthi uthole umphumela oyifunayo. Futhi konke lokhu kumele kusekelwe logic of the ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokusebenza inqubo ngamunye.
3. Kufanele kube nokusetshenziswa ocacile kuzo zonke izinqubo kanye nemisebenzi, okuyinto zinikezwa ubuchwepheshe. Kuyinto isimo kubalulekile futhi ekunqumeni ekuzuzeni imiphumela oyifunayo kuhambisana imitsetfo ledzingekile neziqondiso.

Zwisisa ukuthi ubuchwepheshe akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kolwazi izakhiwo zabo, okuyinto kakade abalwe ngenhla.

izinjongo ubuchwepheshe

Kungani sidinga yalezi zigigaba? Imiphi imisebenzi kukhona ubuchwepheshe ezandleni zethu? Ukuze siphendule le mibuzo, kudingeka sazi ukuthi siyini ubuchwepheshe kukhona iqoqo izindlela lapho inqubo lolawulako ezihlukahlukene ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Yini uchazwa ngokuthi target, futhi umsebenzi oma phambi ubuchwepheshe.

Emongweni yimuphi iqoqo izindlela kanye namathuluzi akhona izingxenye ezifana:

• ngenhloso ukuqaliswa (inkinga efanayo), esinikela ngabomvu ngoba abanye abantu;
• into, okuyinto kuncike ushintsho zobuchwepheshe;
• izindlela nezindlela ezinomthelela ke;
• kusho umthelela lwezobuchwepheshe into esithakazelisayo;
• ukuhlela bese lula izinqubo.

Ngakho, ubuchwepheshe kufanele ahlinzeke lula futhi ngokunethezeka ukuphila kwethu. Lokhu kwenziwa automating izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi yokuxhumanisa ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Kodwa nokwanda kwenani kubantu ukufinyelela izinzuzo, kukhona eziningi izinkinga (isib kwemvelo) okukhomba ukuthi isilwane sidinga indlela olunzulu ukuze ekutholeni isixazululo kubo.

Ukuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe

Ngakho ngokuthi isimo ushintsho ukulandelana, noma usethe yezenzo ukusebenza izigaba. Ukukhuluma nje ukuthi ubuchwepheshe, kunzima ukuziba nomqondo inqubo ukukhiqizwa. Mtshele mayelana nesidingo sokugwema yimuphi ukungaqondani esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphansi inqubo ukukhiqizwa ukuqonda isiqalo nesigcino ukuthengiselana, okuyizinto ezihlobene, kanye nezinguquko isisetshenziswa enzelwe ukuthi uthole imikhiqizo ethile. Lokhu kubalulekile ukuze uqonde okushiwo izinto futhi elungile yokusebenza termbase. Izinqubo ukuthi babe siqu wesifunda implementations eziyikho kungenziwa amelwe ngendlela uhlu encane.

1. Ehlelwe, sokufundela, ezesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe nocwaningo nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji;
2. izinqubo kunezinxushunxushu futhi ezenzakalelayo.

Yini benze izinhlobo ezahlukene izinqubo?

Ake sibheke kabanzi, zona banesibopho.

1. izinqubo okuzenzakalelayo. Izenzo eyenziwa ngaphandle ukuphambuka kancane. Njengoba lo msebenzi ungumuntu hhayi ngaphansi amandla, kanye namadivayisi zobuchwepheshe kuphela, bese wethulwa notation "okuzenzakalelayo";
2. izinqubo kunezinxushunxushu. Zonke ubudlelwano esiyimbangela babe imvelo izibalo kanye probabilistic;
3. Ubuchwepheshe Ehlelwe. Elinesimo ukulandelana ezithile wathola i-information processing ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo kusengaphambili.
4. ubuchwepheshe amakhono. Engaged ukulandelana ukuzimisela kucutshungulwa amayunithi, izingxenye kanye nemikhiqizo nge algorithm ethile.
5. ubuchwepheshe yezesayensi lobuchwepheshe. Elaborates ukulandelana ukucutshungulwa izinqubo akha into yokusebenza (okuyizinto izinto, ulwazi, imikhiqizo emincane nemikhulu) ngokuhambisana inqubo kusengaphambili futhi isicelo lokucubungula ehlakaniphile kusho.
6. ubuchwepheshe Ucwaningo. Akukhona ngokuphelele ezithile. Ungashintsha phakathi kwenqubo, ukuze uthole umphumela oyifunayo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi esetshenziswa ne izindlela ezihlakaniphile kolwazi ukucubungula.

Njengoba ubuchwepheshe ukuthuthukisa, futhi yimaphi amathemba abo?

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukusheshisa abalulekile intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe okuye kwenzeka phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu edlule. Ikhulu lamashumi amabili kuye kwasusa umgoqo kwezesayensi. Manje, iningi ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa izinkomba lapho ungase ukwazi lizosizakala kakhulu (lokhu kulandela kusukela izici of isimo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho). Ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe ezokwenza ube ukubaluleka okukhulu esikhathini eside esizako, oba kuphela ne uthi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-ukukhuthazwa zabo kudinga izimali ezithile, kodwa ngeke lapho yalokho, kanye nama-practical (njengoba ufunda commercial) zisebenzisa - alaziwa. Kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa, kuye ngokuthi umsebenzi engenziwa futhi kumuntu ngamunye othintekayo.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ekuphileni kwansuku zonke

Bona kuyabonakala cishe zonke ukuphenduka. Yini guided abalimi, lapho zikhula imikhiqizo yabo? Enhlabathini ukucutshungulwa ubuchwepheshe, ukuhlwanyelwa yayo, ukunakekela izimila (yokusingatha zinambuzane nomanyolo umhlaba) nokuningi. Into efanayo ne nezimboni - ngaphambi kokwenza imoto kubalulekile ukucabangela indlela ukudalwa lokuqala zayo abamelwe, bese umshini uqobo. Ngisho e pedagogy babe ubuchwepheshe babo - abayikho kuphela izici of inqubo yemfundo izinkulisa, izikole kanye amanyuvesi.

Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuba usebenze nokuthuthukisa umphakathi wethu ngejubane ezinjalo, njengoba wenzeka manje.

isiphetho

Yileyo indlela abahluke, eyinkimbinkimbi futhi kudingekile. Kukhona ubuchwepheshe yokudala, futhi lobuchwepheshe - ngakho ukukusho, yonke ukunambitheka kanye nganoma yikuphi endaweni yesicelo. Ukuze uthuthukise ukuphila mass kudingeke ukuba uxhume bonke abantu kudatha okujabulisa. Phela uma eziningi ngeke ukwazi impendulo yalowo ubucwepheshe futhi iyiphi indima yabo ezimpilweni zethu, kuleli cala, ungalindela isixazululo ngokushesha izinkinga zethu.