KumiswaIzilimi

Kuyini Citadel? "Citadel" operation lempi.

Kuyini Citadel? Kangakanani sihluke inqaba noma castle? ababenza wezempi nini futhi ukusebenza "Citadel"? Zonke lezi mibuzo ungathola izimpendulo ku-athikili yethu.

Umlando omfishane we ezivikelweni

Abantu baqala ukuvikela amakhaya abo kanye nemizana kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Eyokuqala kakhulu izinqaba angabhekwa settlement - isimiso embankments, elimiswe emhlabeni zokuhlala. Kamuva baqala ukuba azungeze a udonga, amaqembu sokhuni, namanje kamuva - kwezindonga zamatshe nemibhoshongo nge izintuba.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi baqala ukwakha izinqaba elikhulu, elezinqola okusezingeni eliphezulu uqine izindonga, imibhoshongo, zintaba, redoubts futhi imisele wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Kuyini Citadel? Laphuma nini? Ake sizame sokulungisa le nkinga.

lenqaba Fortress: kuyini?

Elokuqala enqabeni kwakukhona emizini impucuko Indian lasendulo. Lezi oluqinisayo enamandla hhayi kuphela avikele abantu, kodwa futhi ehlanganiswe amandla wombuso.

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, yini enqabeni, ubheke etymology umqondo. Kuhunyushwe kusuka Italian "lenqaba" (cittadella) - kuyinto idolobha elincane enezivikelo eziqinile noma umzana. Nokho, kukhona enye inguqulo ye Umsuka wegama elithi. Abanye abacwaningi ukuhlobanisa eside ne lesiLatin elithi "civis", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "isakhamuzi".

Ngamagama bokwakha, enqabeni ibizwa ngokuthi inqaba kahle enezivikelo eziqinile ukuze ivikele lo muzi, noma ngaphakathi, ingxenye onokwethenjelwa kunayo yonke mayelana enqabeni, lapho izakhamuzi ukwazi ukufihla esimweni ezinzima kakhulu. Citadel, njengoba umthetho, angafeza banqande amabutho esitha bebodwa.

sici oyingqophamlando ka enqabeni Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isebenza yakamuva reference iphuzu kule bevikela umuzi, lapho zonke ezinye izinto futhi izinqaba lithathiwe. Citadel kufanele zibe nendawo eyanele ukuze ihlanganise hhayi kuphela khona isikaniso samabutho empi, kodwa futhi izabelo ezidingekayo (ukudla, izikhali neziqhumane).

Lahlotshaniswa nokuba igama elithi "isiphephelo" iyona yezakhiwo igama elithi "umlilo". Leli gama ngokuvamile itholakala e zemihla Russian XIV-XVI eminyaka. Igama elithi cishe livela igama elithi "castrum" - "esigodlweni".

Enqabeni lihlukile inqaba?

Phakathi ososayensi nabacwaningi ungenalo uhlelo esinobunye ngalokuyincenye imiqondo mayelana uthango izakhi ezithile.

I inqaba (noma castle) - igama ezivamile kulo lonke uhlelo izinqaba usethe azungeze umuzi, isigodi noma esigodlweni uJehova amakhosi asendulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, enqabeni iyona izingxenye kuphela ngabanye kohlelo ukuzivikela.

Ngokwesibonelo, uma inqaba lokuqala zokuzivikela siqonde isikhundla kwanoma iyiphi amandla ke enqabeni - ke iphuzu lokugcina defense yayo. Uma izindonga zomuzi bangene bese outworks bathunjwa isitha, ikampu akwazi ukuqhubeka ukulivikela e enqabeni.

Kuyini uhlelo "Citadel"?

Julayi 5, 1943, ngathoma ukuba amabutho okukhulu amasu okuhlaselayo we Wehrmacht ku isikhundla amabutho aseSoviet e-eKursk bridgehead. Lo msebenzi lempi okuthiwa emlandweni - "Citadel" uhlelo.

Inhloso endlunkulu German kwaba encirclement okusheshayo kakhulu amabutho esitha nokubhujiswa kwabo ngokushesha. Nokho, umyalo iRed Army wakwazi ukuhlela ukuzivikela abanekhono futhi yimpumelelo. Emva kwezinsuku eziyisithupha emva kokuhlinzwa, isimo amaJalimane kwaba esidumazayo kakhulu. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukusebenza zihlasela "Citadel" kwaba ke uyisehluleki ibutho lamaNazi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Manje uyazi ukuthi lenqaba, futhi lihluke kanjani kwezinye izakhi izinqaba. Lona enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi ingxenye kwagcizelela le nqaba, esebenza njengesikhali isiphephelo zokugcina abavikeli ebutho lenqaba edolobheni.

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