Kuyini Moksha?

Namuhla Moksha ulimi - omunye izilimi ezisemthethweni Republic Mordovia, kanye ehrzjanskom. Ngaphandle Republic of Mordovia, izikhulumi bomdabu kungatholakala eziningi nezinye izifunda angomakhelwane Russia yesimanje, eduze Urals: e Penza, Ryazan, Orenburg, Saratov, Tambov kanye nezinye izindawo.

Isikhundla phakathi kwezinye izilimi zezwe

Moksha (moksha) - siwulimi okuqondene elincane Mordovia, iVolga Finno-iqembu egatsheni Finno-Ugric leqembu ulimi Ural. Lokho, ulimi kungenziwa okubhekwa 'isihlobo ezikude "Finnish, Estonia, Isi-Udmurt nezinye izilimi encane olukhulunywa esifundeni esise-Ural. I osondele kulowo ubhekwa le Meshchersky manje umndondo. Kuze kube manje, Moksha has abantu mayelana anamabini amawaka kuphela, okungukuthi, kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi ezisengcupheni.

Umlando omncane

Ngo ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD ensimini ka Mordovia yesimanje ke kwakusakazwa olulodwa ulimi laseMordovia noma iqoqo zezigodi ahlobene Mordovia. Emhlabeni ekhulwini V-VI kwehlukana yamuva kuye kwaba ziqine kangangokuba yaphenduka ulimi ezimbili ezihlobene kodwa ahlukile - Moksha futhi Erzya.

timphawu telulwimi

Ulimi has 7 unkamisa phonemes futhi 33 ongwaqa, okuyinto ivezwa phezu incwadi incwadi 21. Ukucindezeleka ngokuvamile ku ilunga lokuqala, futhi abhanqiwe emagama lafana nalawa: "atyat-Babat" ( "i-Old") ewela ngamunye izingxenye.

Moksha ulimi kungokwalabo okuthiwa izilimi agglutinative. Lolu uhlobo lapho inani ngalinye ahlukene sivezwe morpheme lwetakhi telulwimi (ngokungafani Russian lapho ibizo ophela, isibonelo, uveza eziyinkimbinkimbi amagugu lolimi).

Kukhona lenqwaba amacala (ne yisikhathi futhi kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa kunezindatshana mayelana 20) ezwakalisa shades ezahlukene nezincazelo. Amabizo ukushintsha e declinations ezintathu: eyinhloko, sekukhomba futhi sebuniyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngolimi wathi akanawo isigaba ubulili - it is hhayi uzwakalise ineluhlelo.

Enelukuluku futhi uhlelo lwetakhi telulwimi Moksha isenzo. Kunezinhlobo ezine kukaPythagoras: ezimbili zokugcina, khona-esizayo futhi ikusasa eyinkimbinkimbi. Kulesi simiso, singamelwe modality isenzo isigaba esichaza izenzo ngokoqobo-okungokoqobo dolzhestvovanie.

Wabathanda, zikhona izinhlelo eziningana lexicographic: etymological isichazamazwi Moksha ukuhlelwa Vershinin VI (Okuphuma isichazamazwi, ngasendleleni, waqhutshelwa a "yokuqothulwa" okusheshayo ulimi), isiRashiya, futhi Moksha izichazamazwi Moksha-Russian.

By the way, ukubonisa imisindo encwadini isebenzisa izinhlamvu zamagama zesiCyrillic, it has a Moksha zamagama yesimanje akuhlukile Russian.

Moksha ulimi namuhla

Okwamanje, ulimi Mordovia, eshicilelwe inqwaba nakomagazini, kanye esincane letingemaciniso kanye sebesebenzisa izincwadi zokuzisiza. Ezikoleni kunezifundo Moksha limi, kwasenza saba sifundwa kuwo amanyuvesi, kuzwakala laseMordvinia emsakazweni kazwelonke kanye ithelevishini. Nokho, asikwazi ukusho ukuthi ulimi seyisebenza ngokugcwele kuyo yonke imikhakha yokuphila komphakathi kuso sonke isifunda. Phakathi kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni izikhulumi bomdabu cishe gone - ke uye esikhundleni Russian. Moksha isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kancane kancane ekuzuzeni isimo ulimi lwesigodi. Nakuba ambalwa nje eminyaka adlule Moksha kwakungeyona into engavamile.

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla ngenkuthalo kukhona izinqubo kwembulunga yonke, sihlangane futhi zigqila lezizwe encane baningi. Kule ndaba, eziningi isiko ezithakazelisayo, ngeshwa, kusulwe kusukela ebusweni bomhlaba, nokuthi uzuza njani isimo sabafileyo, yokuqothulwa esizweni esincane izilimi, ezifana Moksha, Erzya nabanye.