Kuyini napalm? Isicelo kanye nokwakheka napalm

Lokho napalm, abantu abaningi Soviet bafunda e sixties, ukubukela ithelevishini Ukusabalala kwe-Vietnam yizilwi. ukusha Kubi, izingane ezilimele wabulala, amadolobha evutha nasemizaneni okubangelwa intukuthelo kuthethelelwe. Ngisho shot bekude, wabheka airstrike esabekayo. Ngokuhamba ehlathini "Phantom" noma uphawu "Skyhawk" ngenkambo ukulwa, ngesikhathi esithile ngesisu ahlukaniswe ethangini elikhulu cigar emise, efana ezengeziwe fuel msebenzi, wabamba nemiyalezo wawiswa nje engenzi uthinte phansi ke wavele, futhi kusukela ke lasakazekela ulwandle komlilo, okuyindawo insindiso hhayi ... ngokuvamile, napalm - kuba isikhali esibi.

Umqondo kanye nokuqaliswa

Kuzo zonke ohlobene izindlela ukubhujiswa zazo siqu, abantu ukukhombisa ukukhalipha, ufanelwe ngokucacile isicelo kangcono. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba ngcono lokubulala, ngaphandle esheshayo elihamba kanye wezikhali izikhali, flamethrowers steel, ubhaka, umile futhi ayeba emathangini ekhethekile. Umqondo ilula: uketshezi oluvutha kalula njengamanzi ipayipi lamanzi kufanele iqondiswe isitha. Kodwa kulokhu elula ngokwanele wafihla izinhlanzi. Okokuqala, kudingeka uthole khona, futhi okwesibili, ukuze izinkinga inqubo yokuqothulwa. Petrol konke kulungile, kepha ashisiwe ngokushesha. Diesel umlilo ukuzama. Ngabe udinga into enjalo, lapho ukuthungela adambise eziningi ukushisa isikhathi eside. Ngo-1942, le nkinga kwaba ngokuvamile ixazululwe ngochwepheshe eHarvard University, wasebenza neqembu Dr. L. Fieser kuma-oda USACC (Chemical Corps US Army). Japanese ngokushesha, gcina ukuzivikela Tinian, sezwa ukuthi napalm. Nokho, ngako bahluleka bonke ngothi lwabo.

Ubuchwepheshe ukulungiselela

Umqondo jikelele zobuchwepheshe kwaba ukuze ungeze umlilo nezinto ezinokuvutha main izithako retarding amandla omlilo, okwandisa viscosity futhi kuthuthukise ikhono banamathele. kuhambisana kahle kakhulu kule iraba injongo: yena no swidi viscous, futhi wavala kahle, betshisa, kodwa ubuhlungu eqolo. Lapha nenye nosawoti of palmitic acid nafteinovoy ube yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ukwakheka napalm nezinye wamnika igama, it has lutho nge izwi Russian "ihlumela", futhi kwakhiwa kusuka izinhlamvu zokuqala izithasiselo chemical ezenza uphethiloli njalo is kuyinto ezibulala kakhulu.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi yemizamo yokuthuthukisa isibe uhlobo lomcebo, ku ukungaguquguquki yayo ucishe obukhulu, kuze jelly-like. amandla omlilo lokushisa safinyelela emakhulu asibhozo degrees Celsius. Nezithasiselo uyayenza cishe ingxenye yeshumi isamba. Isetshenziselwa ngempumelelo e-Europe, lapho belwa amabutho aseJalimane kanye nabangane babo, futhi endaweni okwakulwelwa kuyo ePacific kwemisebenzi ngokumelene Japanese.

Kuyini "Napalm-B"

Inqubekela asikwazi ukumiswa, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni izindlela yembubhiso. Lapha e nemfundo nezokwelapha ... Kodwa manje akusona ngalokho.

Ekuqaleni Nempi YaseKorea, ukubunjwa napalm kwenezelwa izingxenye ezintsha, ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kwawo ngempumelelo. Okokuqala, ngcono chemical ukuzinza phezu isitoreji zeluliwe, iqedwe kungenzeka amafraktjhini umqulu. Okwesibili, awushise baba licace okuningi futhi kuvele kushise ngenye (kufika ku 1500 ° C). Okwesithathu, into ebaluleke kakhulu - lo mkhiqizo akwazi ngayo ukunamathela konke. Uma into uthele amanzi noma abafafazwe iqhwa, kungcono ngisho (okungukuthi, kubi esingaphakathi kwento). I napalm Ukwakheka zihlanganisa izinsimbi alikhali, aziwa kusukela Yiqiniso esikoleni i-chemistry, lapho umswakama umane qhumisa. Ngenxa thickener e "napalm-B" wasebenzisa polystyrene evamile ziyoncibilika benzene. Lokhu esihogweni yonke ukuxuba ne-sodium noma ye-potassium sengezwe uphethiloli, enyakaza, futhi uqedile. Burns ngisho steel. By endleleni, futhi engabizi.

Uma ucabanga ngengqondo ehluzekile futhi vimbela

Ngokumelene okuthiwa Vietcong (National Liberation Front), iButho Lempi Lase-uye wasebenzisa cishe zonke arsenal yayo, ngaphandle kwezikhali ezibulala uyaca. Nokho, njengoba azi futhi akazi ukuthi napalm, kunzima ukuyeka umqondo ukuthi kungase kahle kumelwe kuthiwe zibangelwa kulesi sigaba. Ukuze lolu daba ngempela qakala ukuthi isicelo sakhe zone ikhulu, a nezidalwa eyinkulungwane noma ngaphezulu ephilayo, uzovutha zonke awa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngo-1980, lesi Sivumelwano sivunyiwe yi-UN, okuyinto unqabela napalm. Ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali incendiary sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi indlela ngesihluku zempi. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu abalalela izwi kuthule isizathu. Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu-ke kudingeka kuphela eme noma othile Njengoba ayehlukaniswe nomkhaya wakubo ngaphansi eshaweni of napalm. Mhlawumbe akudingeki umcabango ngokwanele ukuba bonke ...

Ngemva 1980

Isentha lokuvala ukusetshenziswa napalm wathatha 99 uthi zomhlaba, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye yabo bonke labo amelwe UN. Phakathi kwabo kukhona Russia (ke RSFSR) nase-Ukraine (Ukraine), Belarus (BSSR) futhi yonke iYurophu (San Marino futhi Andorra abanalo wamabutho, ngakho ngo-inqubo izindlela ezibulalayo imikhawulo akazange iqhaza). Izwe isebujameni zempi noma elindile wakhe kusukela ukusayina noma ratifying babengayi kuzo. Phakathi kwabo, e-United States, Israyeli, Turkey, Republic of Korea, Afghanistan, eVietnam, Sudan, Nigeria kanye nabanye. Ngemva kokuwa republic aseSoviet Union ezine wangaphambili (-Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan naseKazakhstan), futhi, Awukajoyini iSivumelwano (olandelwayo wesithathu).

napalm ezisetshenzisiwe Salvadora Army (Yombango, 1984), Argentina (Falklands, 1982), Iraq (nendikimba Iran 1980), kanye izwe laseBrithani nelase-United States (phakathi "Operation Ugwadule Storm" ngo-1991). Njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka empini, iziteleka abazange bahlale olunembile ngokwanele, okubangela abazihlelele enihlupheka ngenxa yawo.

Enye napalm

Ukuthola abakhiqizi yimpumelelo sesinomkhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi ukusebenzisa amagama eyaziwayo ezakhamuzini, kodwa esimweni esihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-ejenti yokulawula amaphela owake wabizwa ngokuthi "Koba" (igama leqembu I. V Stalina), ebhekisela, kusobala, unya sakhe sengqondo izitha. Phakathi kwezinye zezinhlobo amakhemikhali yasendlini kungatholakala futhi "Napalm" ukhula. Kuyinto, uma ukholelwa ukuthi ukukhangisa isichasiselo ukhula ngempumelelo, a godsend ngempela kubafuyi nabanikazi Cottages ehlobo. Inzuzo yayo eyinhloko, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya napalm samanje kuyinto into okuqinile ligcinwe phezu izitshalo kanye ukumelana kwezulu. Indlela enhle igama? Mayelana nendlela ukwahlulela abathengi. Mhlawumbe akubona bonke abantu abanalolu ukukhumbula YaseVietnam.