Kuyini onxiwankulu - umqondo kanye kumiswa onxiwankulu

Kuyini onxiwankulu? Lokhu umbuzo idingidwa emisebenzini eminingi ososayensi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise Marx. Ngu onxiwankulu ehloselwe isigaba abanikazi ivela medieval ekilasini bayizakhamuzi ayenenkululeko. Onxiwankulu ekilasini baqala ukuvela ngenxa ukwabela abantu amathuluzi zomsebenzi nezwe esikhathini capital inqwaba.

Ngokusho onxiwankulu kaMarx - kungcono abanikazi izindlela zokukhiqiza eyandile emphakathini, inzuzo nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi waqasha kanye value added imikhiqizo yabo. Ngokusho onxiwankulu usosayensi kuholela bakha ingxenye enkulu yabamemezeli umphakathi ukuba bedstvovaniyu, sibancisha izindlela zokukhiqiza. Ngakho, ke liyasondela zembubhiso yayo.

kumiswa onxiwankulu

Ngenkathi feudalism yombuzo lokho onxiwankulu ungase uthi ukuthi bonke abantu abangekho abahlala emadolobheni. Nge ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwazo isibe coarsen ukukhiqizwa lezimpahla, ukhiphe ezihlukahlukene yezandla. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni babhekane nezinga elikhulu emphakathini futhi ukuvela abameleli lokuqala onxiwankulu. Lezi zilimi zazihlanganisa ababazi ocebile, abathengisi, zababolekisa ngemali.

I omatasatasa ukukhiqizwa, ezentengiselwano, navigation, ingcebo eningi bagxila ezandleni onxiwankulu.

Ngenkathi kumiswa inhlokodolobha kokuqala ingxenye encane umphakathi waqala iphenduke ekilasini yayo egcwele. Kwakukhona abasebenzela inkokhelo, ababengamthandi impahla kanye imali eningi, zonke supply imali futhi amathuluzi babekhona ezandleni bale ekilasini.

Umzabalazo onxiwankulu kanye izinduna

Ukuze umbuzo amakhosi asendulo lokho onxiwankulu kwaba juqu. Yezokuhwebelana kanye ukukhiqizwa kakhulu liphazamisane indawo futhi kwezomnotho kwehlukana yezwe futhi njalo ukuxabana. Lokhu eziyimbangela akazange ivumelane abameleli onxiwankulu, ngakho ukusizakala inguquko ukuholwa nomthelela ukuxoshwa amandla amakhosi asendulo.

Ngaphansi kokuqondisa amalungu omunye ecebile izigodi uquqaba ezaqedwa ubudlelwane amakhosi asendulo. Lesi senzakalo waqhutshelwa abadinga lentuthuko lingakanani ngaleso sikhathi amabutho ithele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, banner ukulwelwa wobunxiwankulu babe imibono wokukhanya. Naphezu injongo yokuqala lokushintsha feudalism - ukwandisa ithonya yabo nomcebo - inguquko bekulokhu injini kwenchubekelembili ekwenteni wesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe.

I ekubumbaneni esekhandleka kwakukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi zomsebenzi umkhiqizo.

Iqiniso lokuthi onxiwankulu iyona, abantu bendawo wangaleyo nkathi ungase uphendule ukuthi ungamandla owabeka ezweni emzini.

Ukwakheka ezimakethe zomhlaba kwezomnotho, ukudalwa kanye nokuthuthukisa izimakethe kazwelonke - ubuye inani lesi sigaba.

Ukuthuthukiswa onxiwankulu lamazwe ahlukahlukene

Ukuthuthukiswa onxiwankulu emazweni ahlukahlukene zenzeka ngezikhathi ezingafani. ENgilandi ukubusa yayo wayengatshela kakade kusukela ngekhulu le-17, futhi ngo-Germany ithonya onxiwankulu empilweni umphakathi zibonakala kuphela ekhulwini le-19. onxiwankulu Russian futhi kwamiswa kancane umhla kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Lokhu kungenxa ingcindezelo eside wezwe serfdom.