Sibalo Political Heydar Aliyev: Biography, izici imisebenzi kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Aliev Geydar Alireza oglu (owazalwa 05/10/23 e Nakhichevan, Azerbaijan - 12.12.03 wafa e Cleveland, USA) - Isikhulu sikahulumeni Azerbaijani, okwase kuphele iminyaka engu-30 iye yaba esinye osopolitiki ezinethonya kunazo lizwe njengoba iphini nosihlalo Republican-KGB, uNobhala Republican the yamaKhomanisi futhi umongameli zokucindezela kanye kobushiqela of Azerbaijan ezimele.

Amafutha kanye Nagorno-Karabakh

Heydar Aliyev, ogama biography usuphothuliwe eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-80, wayeyinhloko Azerbaijan kusukela 1969 (nge break iDemo) kuze Okthoba 2003 futhi iye yashintshwa kusuka umholi weqembu uBrezhnev inkathi ku nobungane ababusi Western. Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo lakhunjulwa ezenzakalweni ezimbili: ukudayiswa uwoyela iCaspian (ne "Inkontileka Ekhulwini ebhadla ejele) kanye ezingqubuzana Armenia angaphakanyiswa phezu kwendawo yakwa uphikise ka Nagorno-Karabakh - i umphakathi ngaphakathi Azerbaijan neningi labantu base-Armenia.

Njengoba umongameli we geqe Aliyev kutshalwa umfanekiso wezinguquko. Nokho, abaningi, uyomkhumbula njengoba umuntu owasihola ezweni akusho wokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu, lapho inkohlakalo okwandile waqala egqoke olusemthethweni.

Heydar Aliyev: Biography

Ubuzwe - Azerbaijani. Indodana isisebenzi ujantshi Aliyev wazalwa ngo Nakhichevan, le exclave Azerbaijani e-Armenia. Wathweswa iziqu khono komlando Baku State University bese Industrial Institute. Esikhathini esiphakathi kuka-1941 no-1944 Aliyev yazuza isango zezombusazwe kokuthunyelwe kwe-umsebenzi eziphezulu LamaKhomanisi ezweni lakubo. Ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe, yena wasinda uxoshwe yakhe ngemva izinsolo zokuhlukumeza ngokocansi ngumuntu ohlangothini ivoti elilodwa nje.

Igama lakhe futhi isikhundla Aliyev wathola i-KGB, ngivuka ngokusebenzisa kwababusi Azerbaijan Inkonzo Yezokuphepha Yombuso amashumi amabili eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba abe yiphini lenhloko lenhlangano ngo-1964 futhi baholela ngemva kweminyaka emithathu.

Ngo-1969, Heydar Aliyev waqokwa uNobhala lokuqala iCommunist Party of Azerbaijan. Biography of umholi wezwe ngo-1982, kwathuthukisa kwenzeka ngokuvuswa kwakhe njengelungu egcwele Politburo we CPSU Central Committee. Aliyev kwakuhluke kakhulu ngokucophelela ekubhekaneni abavikela yakhe waba omunye nomfelandawonye wayo abaseduze. Ukuze ukuvakashelwa uBrezhnev ukuze Baku ngo-1982, isibonelo, wakha isigodlo ukusetshenziswa siqu noNobhala-Jikelele. Umholi laseSoviet khona ubusuku obubili, ngemva kwalokho esigodlweni yavalwa.

ihlazo

Ukuqokwa uMikhail Gorbachev njengoba nomholi waseSoviet ngo-1985 kwaphawula ushintsho elibukhali isiphetho zezombusazwe zalo Aliyev. Wanengwa emakhasini isitho ephrintiwe leKomiti Central we CPSU, "Pravda" ngoba inkohlakalo phakathi kabusha, waba omunye izisulu zokuqala - unogada elidala. Ngo-1987, Gorbachev wakhunyulwa ka azihlalise Politburo, futhi baphoqwa ukuba esule okuthunyelwe akhe njengenhloko iCommunist Party of Azerbaijan. Kwakubonakala sengathi umsebenzi wakhe wase uphelile. Ngaphambi nje Umkakhe wafa esikhathini esingengakanani Geydara Alieva.

inqubomgomo Biography kwaphinde exhunywe ne Nakhichevan - ilapho, edolobheni lakubo, futhi Heydar zinhlanga okwesikhashana. Ngo-1990, nge acumen wakhe isici zezombusazwe Aliyev besula Communist Party, kuthiwa lokubhikisha izenzakalo Black Januwari, lapho amathangi Soviet iphuma ku Baku futhi babulawa abazihlelele eziningi.

ukuzimela

Inqubomgomo yokubuyisela ukuthi yashesha ngokucwiliswa okusheshayo Azerbaijan ku esimweni isiphithiphithi yangaphakathi kusukela lathola uzimelegeqe ngo-1991 futhi ukwehluleka ukufeza ukunqoba okusheshayo e Nagorno-Karabakh. Ngo-1992, Abulfaz Elchibey, umholi we Popular Front, owayehola ukunyakaza ukuzimela, waba ngumengameli wokuqala wentando yeningi, kodwa wayesesendaweni komholi obuthakathaka.

I-oda azibuyisekanga, futhi Heydar Aliyev wamenywa kutsi esekele hulumende e Baku. inqubomgomo Biography wenza esejika emuva. Lapho-June 1993 Elchibey waphoqeleka ukuba abalekele inhlokodolobha, ngemva Icebo lika lokuzama, Aliev baba ibamba likamengameli. Waqhubeka ukubhekana ne Icebo lika ukuvimbela yombango, kwaqiniswa njengenhloko yezwe ngokusebenzisa inhlolovo labetibambile ngo-Okthoba ngawo lowo nyaka.

Inhloko isimo

Yamila ibe esigabeni olunegazi ngaphansi Aliyev Karabakh impi. Lapho efika amandla, Armenia aye aqinisa ezikhundleni zawo endaweni matasa ka-Azerbaijan, kodwa izenzo zempi zazihlehliswa kwenziwe. Ngo-December 1993, Aliyev yabuye yaqala afeze ngokugcwele ukusebenza lempi, olwadonsa izinyanga ezingu-18. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lalahleka iningi izisulu 30,000 empi. Ngenxa yalokho kokungqubuzana 750,000 Azerbaijanis baphoqeleka ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo.

Aliyev kwaba isigelekeqe esinonya ukuba izitha zakhe zezombusazwe. Waqinisa amandla akhe, ukubeka abasezikhundleni ukhiye abangane bakhe kusuka Nakhichevan. Naphezu ukunganeliseki ezikhulayo nohulumeni ngokwehluleka yayo ukuthola nekhambi elihlala njalo inkinga Nagorno Karabakh noma abhekane nemiphumela senhlalo nesomnotho empini, naphezu inkohlakalo njalo zikahulumeni, Aliyev ibilokhu ukwazi ukuziqhelelanisa ukunganeliseki yomphakathi. Ngo-October 1998, i-nqubomgomo ayakhethwa nge 76% wamavoti, kanti amaqembu aphikisayo kanye izingqapheli zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zakungabaza semthethweni yi.

GEOPOLITICS

Aliev kwaba ikhadi trump ngesimo izinsiza uwoyela yoLwandle iCaspian, kanye ayenakho ikhono uzulazule ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu Maze geopolitical eCaucasus, ufakaze acumen yakhe yezombusazwe. Ubudlelwano ne-United States naseNtshonalanga Yurophu ephawula ukusayinwa 1997 inkontileka nge-International Oil Consortium, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola izinkampani entshonalanga isheya elikhulu e yoLwandle iCaspian. Ukubambisana nabo imidondoshiya uwoyela angaphandle, ephawuleka kakhulu ne "British Petroleum", Aliyev naye waba ngomunye amabutho ushayela ukuthuthukiswa iphayiphi Baku-Ceyhan iphayiphi, okuhlose ukuthutha uwoyela iCaspian ENtshonalanga nge Georgia naseTurkey.

Le projekthi iphayiphi uqinise ubuhlobo kakade buhle nge eMoscow, kodwa inhloko Azerbaijan lakwazi ukugwema ikhefu ephelele. Ties phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili babe ezingeni eliphansi ngesikhathi u Borisa Eltsina, kodwa uma amandla eRussia ifikile iziqu ama-KGB, uVladimir Putin, Heydar Aliyev, ogama biography wawubuye uhlotshaniswe le nhlangano wakwazi ukwakha ubuhlobo. Lo mholi wezombusazwe futhi wagxila ekwakheni obujulile Turkey. Ubudlelwano ne-Iran, okuyinto ekhaya ezigidini 14. Azerbaijanis Ethnic ukusekela obala Armenia, phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, kancane kancane ababhubhayo.

lwamakhosi

Aliev akazange iqhaza okhethweni ngo-Okthoba 2003, kusho ukuthi impilo engeyinhle. Kwakuwusuku ngokulandelana lokuqala dynastic ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, lapho umongameli indodana yakhe Ilham. OSCE ukuthi ivoti awahlangabezananga namazinga omhlaba, kulandele nezibhelu.

Nakuba Aliyev futhi wabhekisela isimo sempilo yabo, akukho ukukhombisa Ukuwohloka ikhono lakhe lengqondo. Wahlala kuze kube sekupheleni sibalo abukhali futhi onokuqonda.

12.12.03 wafa umholi wabantu Azerbaijani Aliev Geydar Alievich. inqubomgomo Biography kuphazamisekile emtholampilo Cleveland e-US. Heydar wangcwatshwa Alley Inkazimulo e Baku.

Heydar Aliyev: Biography, umndeni

Ngo-1948, isazi sezombangazwe esizayo washada Zarifa Aziz. Okthoba 12, 1955 babenesifiso indodakazi Sevil, futhi ngo-December 24, 1961, indodana Ilham. Izingane ngasinda uyise. Umkakhe, odumile ophthalmologist, uprofesa, academician we Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, wabulawa umdlavuza ngo-1985.

I pro-Western umashiqela

Iqiniso ukuthi iphoyisa le-KGB abadala baba kakhulu pro-British isethiwe, ngokuyinhloko kwakungenxa ngenxa indzima lebalulekile owayesebona Azerbaijan inkampani "British Petroleum". Ithemba ukuphendulela nenqwaba uwoyela negesi ezweni ukuthuthukiswa izimali kwakhona incike iphayiphi ngokusebenzisa Georgia ne-Turkey, ngokumelene okuyinto waseRussia wayenomuzwa kungekho intshiseko.

Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, Baku laliyinhloko-dolobha uwoyela zezwe, futhi ezinye enkazimulweni elahlekile abuyiselwe namuhla. Kuvulwa izindawo ezintsha kanye amakhudlwana zaziba Aliyev ukufeza, okungenani enhlokodolobha, ngezinga elithile ukuchuma, kulandele containment Friend of ephikisayo zezombusazwe. Futhi indodana yakhe asekelwe lo mfutho ka ukusimamisa umnotho.

Uma sicabangela lokho i sibalo lesikole ubudala Soviet kobuvamile Aliev Geydar Alireza, yomlando wakhe, eyiqukethe okungenani isigamu kwalokho ayekwazi, wayezobe negalelo elikhulu okudingekile ekuqondeni kwethu kwenkathi, okubonakala kude.

udumisa

Aliyev waklonyeliswa eziningi imiklomelo kanye izindondo, imiklomelo international, akhethwe udokotela elihloniphekile izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme emazweni amaningi.

He is kahlanu ahlonishwe nge-Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Star lithole, izindondo eziningi, futhi izindondo lamazwe angaphandle. Wayelethwa kabili yaklonyeliswa Hero isihloko Socialist Labour.

Ngo-1997, Aliyev waklonyeliswa eliphakeme Ukrainian Order Yaroslava Mudrogo ngo-1999 wathola Turkish Ataturk Peace Prize kanye isihloko Honorary UProfesa eMoscow State University.

Ngo-2003, Aliyev wakhethwa profesa ilunga eliphelele Academy of Security, Defense kanye nezinkambiso zomthetho izimpikiswano Russian Federation. Yena yanikezelwa Order of Andropov futhi Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Ngo-2004, ukuthi lwenziwe Yihhovisi Geydara Alieva Foundation. Biography sikahulumeni, uzilungiselele yi-Institute of History of the Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan, yanyatheliswa ngo-2013.