Big Amazwe Eight

Iqembu lamazwe Eight kukhona club zezombusazwe ngamazwe. Group of eziyisishiyagalombili kuhlanganiswe uhulumeni wezizwe yeningi. Imithombo ethile ithi ukuthi "Iqembu Eight" - uhlobo ukhiye indlela lengakahleleki ukuxhumanisa izinqubomgomo zezombusazwe, ezezimali nezomnotho ezakha kakhulu ezweni lanamuhla. inhlangano Hlobanisa njengendlela "ibhodi labaqondisi", okuyinto afakiwe enjalo emazweni asethuthukile wezwe ufana USA, eJalimane, e-Italy, nase-Canada, Japan, France, Britain, Russia, i-European Union. Indima "Iqembu Eight" emphakathini kunqunywa ezingeni abangaba lamazwe azifaka kuwo.

Iqembu lamazwe Eight akudingeki indlunkulu yabo siqu, kanye charter kanye Secretariat. Uma eqhathaniswa World Economic Forum, inhlangano ayinayo, kanti umnyango, ngisho kwi-Internet. Naphezu kwalokhu, Group of Eight zezitsha ezingeni elifanayo nezinhlangano ezifana OECD, WTO, IMF.

Umlando indawo okuvela kuyo Iqembu Eight

Umlando kumiswa lokhu kuhambisana akuyona ngephutha. Lo mcimbi nomthelela eziningi izinto ezazenzeka emhlabeni wonke ngawo-70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Okokuqala, kungenxa wokugoqa kohlelo lwezezimali ka Bretton Woods, imizamo akuphumelelanga ukuba iNguquko we IMF futhi iBhange Lomhlaba. Okwesibili, ngo-1972, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukunwetshwa European Union, okwaholela izinguquko emnothweni West. Isici sesithathu kwaba nenhlekelele amafutha '73, okwaholela ukungavumelani phakathi aseNtshonalanga OPEC. Futhi ekugcineni, isizathu sokugcina kwaba yokwehla kwezinga lezomnotho e 1974 OEESR amazwe. Ukuwohloka ephelezelwa wenzuzo uma elahlekelwe umsebenzi.

Lezi kanye nezinye izimo lalibonisa iqiniso ukuthi wonke futhi umphakathi kudingeka indlela entsha bazokwazi buyisana izithakazelo amazwe aseNtshonalanga. Ngokokuqala ngqá izikhonzi ezezimali-United States, iGreat Britain, Germany neFrance elalihlangana 1973. Kamuva kwangena yi-Japan, ngemva kweminyaka emibili France. Ngo-1975 e-Italy futhi kwaba kamuva phakathi European Union kwenzeke lokhu.

Russia lokuqala babehlanganyela esiqongweni 1996. Lo mhlangano ngonyaka yayiqhutshelwa eMoscow. Ngu umthetho engabhaliwe, zonke Izingqungquthela aphethwe minyaka yonke ematfuba ngamunye emazweni. Le ngqungquthela zokugcina, eyaqala ezweni lethu senzeka ngo 2006 Petersburg.

Kukhona periodization ezithile esibonisa ukuthuthukiswa inhlangano. Iqembu lamazwe Eight babe imigomo emikhulu kakhulu ngekusasa 1975-1980 emkhakheni umnotho. Kamuva (in the 80s) ikhuphukile yayo isithakazelo non-kwezomnotho nezindaba. Inkathi esukela 1989-1994 ( "yokwakha kabusha") besihambisana nesiminyaminya isinqumo ezikweletini, izinkinga ukuhweba. Nokho, kwamanje kuba mayelana nezinkinga zemvelo, izidakamizwa kanye nenkohlakalo. Futhi esigabeni yokugcina kuze kube ngo-1995 kuphawulwa izinguquko zezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba jikelele.

Ukwakheka samanje Group of Eight uyanda futhi uyowandisa esikhathini esizayo. Njengoba Bathi bona iqhaza amazwe, ngobukhulu iforamu kwezomnotho ngekusasa kuyoba isiqongo Big Twenty, oyoletha ndawonye zonke abaholi bezwe. Lokhu kuzovumela ukwakha uhlelo olusha olinganiselayo kwezomnotho, wokuguqula ezezimali kanye ukukhulisa izinga lokuphila emazweni amaningi asathuthuka.

The main izihloko avame ehlaselwe isiqongo: Inkinga amandla, ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba, ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali, isimo esibucayi uwoyela, inkinga ababaleki aseMpumalanga, lobuphekula bomhlaba wonke, imvelo, bomnotho, ubudlelwane phakathi amazwe eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, lo kwembulunga yonke yomnotho , njll

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili nanye, Group of amazwe Eight ubambe Izingqungquthela yawo yaminyaka yonke. Emihlanganweni izikhonzi ezezimali ukuhlangabezana, izikhulu, cindezela omhlaba kanye nabanye abameleli umnotho womhlaba kanye nezombusazwe.