Rationalism Descartes

Rationalism (ratio) - ibonisa umqondo zefilosofi, eqaphela ukucabanga (ingqondo) njengoba umthombo walo lonke ulwazi kanye nenqubomgomo yayo weqiniso. Le mfundiso kwaduma ekhulwini le-17. Kubaluleka nezinkolelo zefilosofi, amasiko alethwe Rene Dekart. Ngo "Inkulumo ku Indlela" yakhe, "Ukucabanga ifilosofi entsha" nakweminye imibhalo ixazululwe inkinga ukuthembeka ulwazi emkhakheni wolwazi kanye nezici zayo zangaphakathi. Kuyinto ikakhulukazi esihlukile rationalism Rene Dekarta imfundiso yokuziphendukela esisebenzayo nokuqina Bacon.

Okokuqala, ukuthuthukisa umqondo, wagomela ngokuthi kukhona ezine imithetho cognition: i-methodical ukungabaza, ukulawula, ukuhlaziya kanye nobufakazi. Rationalism Descartes esungulwe ngokuqiniseka khona ingqondo engazi, isazi sefilosofi wathi: "Ngicabanga ukuthi, ngalokho ngiphakamisile khona." Ubufakazi lo mbono, ngokombono wakhe, walala lokulungisiswa ukucabanga, umethembe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uNkulunkulu yisiboniso intelligibility zomhlaba edala, kanye umnqopho bolwazi lwabantu.

agumenti System ezacashunwa Descartes ichaza umbono wokuba khona imibono isegazini njengenye amalungiselelo eyinhloko rationalism. izinto Wadala afundvwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa anemifantu emqondweni. Ngakho zonke izinto yakhiwa izinto ezimbili, ezimele ezinye ngamunye - umzimba nomphefumulo. Kulokhu, ubunjalo umzimba - hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-mshini. Ukuqinisa ukubusa isizathu imizwelo, neminjunju komzimba kuza isimiso ukuthola amafomula ehlukahlukene yokuziphatha zokuziphatha ezimweni ezihlukahlukene. Lona umqondo ukuthi idlulisa rationalism ka Descartes.

Kufanele kuqashelwe Inani elikhulu yaleli zwe sokuthuthukiswa ifilosofi nesayensi. Rationalism Descartes awugcinanga ngokuba nesandla ekwakhekeni imithetho kanye nezimiso ezintsha, kodwa futhi kwakheka isisekelo ezinye eyala zesayensi, ikakhulukazi ahlaziye geometry, izibalo.

Kwenza ezihleli imibono, bavunyelwe ukuba zisungule alizimele incazelo ombaxambili imfundiso. Rationalism Descartes enikeziwe incazelo zedivayisi zomhlaba, uletha i izithombe abstract nokubukwayo kanyekanye. kudivayisi emhlabeni ibeke kungenzeka ukukucaza (usebenzisa ukuhlaziywa) ku izingxenye ukuthi zibizwa bahlobene nangokunembile echazwe izibalo. Lokhu wafihla nohlaka methodological inqubo mathematization wesayensi yemvelo.

Umuntu okunengqondo ubani ingqondo deductive futhi enembile, ingafinyelela ulwazi ithembekile. indlela deductive ivumela kuphela labo ekucabangeleni zibonakala ngokuba nengqondo esangulukile, sikubeke - musa abangele iqiniso ukungabaza kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kohlaka le ndlela Kwenziwa ukukhishwa kwengalo zonke inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi ukwenza yangasese kuze ushintsho wakhe gqwa evela zaziwe engaziwa futhi neshaya unproven, kungekho izikhala izixhumanisi test kuvumelekile.

Ezinsukwini Descartes enamathiselwe ukubaluleka okukhulu. Nokho, i-Science, kwabonakala okubaluleke kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka isicelo salo esisebenzayo ihlangabezane nezidingo zabantu ezihlukahlukene amadoda ngaphezulu ulwazi ephakanyiswe ukucabanga izinqubo zakhe.

Ngaphansi kwethonya izimfundiso Descartes, Benedikt Spinoza kushiwo rationalism, usebenzisa indlela weJiyomethri. imibono yakhe, kubonakala emsebenzini wakhe "Yokuziphatha". Kulesi umsebenzi, esigabeni ngasinye iqala incazelo ecacile nelula imiqondo. Lokhu kulandelwa i-Axiom, egomela nge ubufakazi. Sengiphetha, njengoba kubekiwe agumenti zefilosofi.

Spinoza ezikhonjwe amazinga amathathu cognition. Eyokuqala - aphakeme - kufanele ukuba baqonde iqiniso intuitively ebonakalayo ngqo khumbulani. Izinga lesibili olunikezwe ingqondo ukucabanga, alidingi ubufakazi. Okwesithathu, ezingeni leliphasi, kusekelwe embonweni lemizwa emhlabeni.