Kuyini ukubaluleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo emvelweni nasekuphileni komuntu?

Ngokwezibalo zanamuhla zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5.5 zimelelwa emvelweni, futhi le ndoda (kanye nezilwane eziphakeme kanye namahlengethwa) igcwalisa le piramidi engqondweni. Ingqikithi, kuhlanganise nokuphela, inani lezinhlobo zazo - ezingaphezu kuka-20 000 (ensimini yeRussia yanamuhla, kunezinhlobo ezingu-380). Isici esiyinhloko esihlukanisayo, ngaphezu kwe-quadruple kanye nobukhona bomgogodla, isikhumba nezinwele, likwazi ukondla izingane zabo ngobisi (ngakho igama elithi generic). Njengamanje, ukubaluleka nokuvikelwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo zasendle (nasendlini) kungenye yezindinganiso eziyinhloko kubantu abaningi, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zasendle ziseduze ekuqothulweni, kanti ezinye zihlelwe ku-Red Book.

Izilwane ezincelisayo zezigaba

Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwezilwane ezincelisayo emvelweni nasekuphileni komuntu. Izinhlobo zasendle zihanjiswa emhlabeni, emoyeni nasemanzini cishe yonke indawo, ukwenza imisebenzi ethile eyabelwe yona ngokwemvelo. Futhi izilwane ezifuywayo ezivela ezikhathini zakudala zixazulula inkinga yokudla nezembatho kuzo zonke izintu. Ukubukeka kwabo kuhluke kakhulu, kepha kuzo zonke zihambisana nohlobo lwesakhiwo sezakhamuzi ezine ezinemilenze emhlabeni. Kuyisici ukuthi leli klasi lihlonishwa ososayensi njengehlelwe kakhulu. Futhi abameleli bakhe abathuthukile kakhulu, ngokwesibonelo, amahlengethwa, bayavuma esayini yesimanje yohlu lwacwaningi lwezingcweti ze-intelligence, ezifaniswa nomuntu. Indaba efanayo nezilwane eziphakeme, abafundiswa ukuhlukanisa imibala, izingoma ngisho nezincwadi, besebenzisa ukuqeqeshwa okufanele, ukwenza imiyalo yabantu elula.

Ukubaluleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo emvelweni

Endle, leli klasi lenza imisebenzi nemisebenzi eminingi, kuye ngokuthi i-carniness noma i-carnivorousness yabamele. Ziselula futhi zidla ukudla okuningi, isilwane nemifino, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe imvelo. Ukubaluleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo emvelweni ukuthi zibalulekile ekuxhumaneni kwamaketanga okudla. Izilwane ezilwanyana ezincelisayo zivimbela futhi zizinzile ukukhiqizwa nokusabalalisa kwezidumbu. Isibonelo, izimpisi, abahlengikazi abaqashelwa ehlathini, zisuswe ngabantu ababuthakathaka noma abagulayo, okuholela emphakathini wezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lezilwane ezithile. Thatha izimpisi ehlathini, izinhlamvu ziqala ukuzala, okuholela ekubhujisweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zemithi, kanye nezitshalo zamasiko. Futhi uma izimpungushe ziphela, amagundane angakhula ukuze okusanhlamvu kungabi nesikhathi sokuvuthwa emasimini. Ngokwemvelo, konke kuhlangene, futhi ukungabi khona kwesidalwa kusho ukwephulwa kwesibalo esithile, okutholwe ekuqaleni.

Indima ye-Sredeobrazuyuschaya

Kule ndaba, ukubaluleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo emvelweni nasekuphileni komuntu nakho kukhulu. Izilwane eziningi ezincelisayo eziphilayo, ezihlala zasendle, zibandakanya ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni nasekuthuthukiseni izitshalo, ezithwala imbewu nezithelo. Futhi abanye badlala indima ebaluleke ekwakheni indawo. Isibonelo, ukumba izilwane - ama-moles noma abanye - ukukhulula inhlabathi, ukuyigcwalisa ngomoya, ukukhuthaza ukuzala nokukhiqiza izitshalo nezinye izilwane ezingathuthuki: izinambuzane, i-arachnids. Kanti lokhu kunomthelela ekugcwaliseni ukondliwa kwezinyoni zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Futhi umsebenzi wabakhi be-beaver bangashintsha imibuso yamanzi kanye nomhlaba womhlaba ngokwawo.

Izidakamizwa

Akukhona njalo ukubaluleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo emvelweni nasekuphileni komuntu kukhulu kakhulu, kanti abanye abamele ekilasini babangela umonakalo omkhulu kubantu. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ama-rodents iyisifo esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinsimu ezihlwanyelwe okusanhlamvu, abantu abakhulile. Umonakalo onjengezimpawu ezitshalweni eziningi zokulima, udle iziqu kanye namahlamvu, okusanhlamvu kanye nezithelo. Noma kunjalo, ama-rodents amaningi abathwala izifo eziyingozi kokubili kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi isifo sezwe saseYurophu eNyakatho Ephakathi, isibonelo, sathukuthelwa yizinqwaba zamagundane namagundane amadolobha nemizana ehlala kuyo. Ezweni lanamuhla, amagundane namagundane nabo babangela ukulimala okukhulu, ukulimaza ukuxhumana okwenziwe emigqeni nasezindaweni eziphansi komhlaba: ukuxhumanisa, ukuxhumana nge-tele- ne-intanethi.

Ukubaluleka kwezidalwa ezincelisayo ekuphileni komuntu

Kodwa ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zizuzisa kakhulu abantu. Kuqondene nezilwane ezifuywayo eziye zahlushwa abantu ngezikhathi ezithile. Imfuyo ngokwayo, njengegatsha lomsebenzi wezomnotho, izalwa lapho abantu beqala ukuhola indlela yokuphila eyengeziwe. Indoda yasendulo ibamba ezinye izilwane zasendle, kancane kancane ziwafake ezimweni zokuphila zasekhaya. Uhlobo lokukhethwa kokufakelwa lwenziwa, ekuqaleni kokungazi. Umuntu ukhetha futhi ashiye ukuqhutshelwa kohlobo lokuzalwa kanye nokuzalana kwenzalo yezilwane ezinempilo kakhulu futhi enamandla enezimfanelo ezibalulekile, ezibekwe ezizukulwaneni ezilandelayo. Khona-ke abantu baqala ukusebenzisa ukukhethwa kakade nokuqokwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo ukuze kuzalwe izinhlobo eziphikisanayo. Ngakho-ke izinhlobo ezithathwe zikhona izimfanelo eziningi kakhulu kunabalingani bazo zasendle. Isibonelo, okhokho bezinkomo - abesifazane besendleleni yaseYurophu - badla inzalo yabo cishe izinyanga ezintathu emva kokuzalwa kwakhe. Futhi izinhlobo zanamuhla zobisi zingaqhubeka nale nqubo kuze kufike ezinyangeni eziyi-10 (isilinganiso esiphezulu sihleliwe - kuze kube unyaka). Ngokwenza kanjalo, banikeza ubisi obuningi ngokudla okukodwa. Ngakho-ke, ukubaluleka kwezidalwa ezincelisayo ekuphileni komuntu kwanda nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje.

Ukudla kwamaprotheni

Kuyadabukisa ngezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa abantu badinga amaprotheni ukusebenza kahle. Futhi okufinyeleleka kakhulu futhi okunomsoco kuqukethwe inyama yezilwane. Ukukhethwa komuntu wasendulo kwawela kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezincelisayo ngenxa yokulingwa nokuphutha. Inyama yezidakamizwa yayinzima futhi yayinephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Kusetshenziswe inyama yezinyoni, kodwa ukuthunjwa kwabanye, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu babo bunjani, abukhiqizanga kakhulu. Inyama yezilwane ezincelisayo, ehola indlela yokuphila enomdla, yaba yinye yezinketho ezinhle kakhulu kokubili usayizi wesilwane nokunambitha. Konke kwaqala ngokuzingela. Kwabe sekuthiwa ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane (isibonelo, ungulates: izingulube, izinkambo) futhi zaqala ukuhlukanisa ngokweqile. Ngakho kwakukhona izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo, ezisetshenziselwa ukudla.

Imikhiqizo yobisi

Enye yezinto zasendulo kakhulu ukubaluleka kwezidalwa ezincelisayo kubantu njengabakhiqizi bomkhiqizo onjalo okunomsoco njengobisi. Empumalanga - koumiss kanye namakamela, entshonalanga - imvu, imbuzi kanye nobisi ubisi. Futhi imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu: i-kefir, i-cottage shizi, ubisi obisiwe obisiwe, ushizi yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele yezilwane ezincelisayo kubantu. Kuze kube yilolu suku, ama-cheeses akhiqizwa eYurophu, i-oriental ayran ne-suluguni, i-lavhenka yase-Slavonic ebusweni obuncibilikile, ukhilimu omuncu kanye ne-cottage shizi kubhalwe kuwo wonke umhlaba. Kuthengiswa ukuze kulondolozwe ubisi isikhathi eside, baba imikhiqizo egcwele futhi egcwele yokusetshenziswa kuyo yonke isintu.

Izingubo eziwusizo nezicathulo

Ngesikhathi okwakungekho izitolo ezinkulu nezitolo, abantu babefanele bavikele umzimba wabo emakhazeni. Indlela enhle kakhulu yokuba izikhumba kuqala zasendle, bese-nezilwane ezifuywayo. Baye bahlala endaweni ephephile yansuku zonke kusukela ebusika. Ngemuva kokuba abantu baqaphele ukuthi ukufeza izinhloso ezifanele zokubulala isilwane akudingekile, baqala ukuboya uboya, balisebenzise njengezinto zokugqoka.

Endlini

Ukubaluleka kwezilwane ezincelisayo emnothweni njengamandla okuqamba amahle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi kungekho mishini nemishini eyasiza ekuhambeni komhlaba, amahhashi, amakamela, ama-mules kanye nezimbongolo esikhundleni somuntu onalezi zixhobo, ehamba nabo ezindaweni ezide kakhulu (futhi ehambisa zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla). Amakhansela axhuma amazwe amazwe okuhweba, futhi amabutho amahhashi anqoba izimpi eziqine. Namuhla, eneminyaka yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ukubaluleka kwezidalwa ezincelisayo ekudalwa kwemvelo nokuphila komuntu kubonakala sengathi kudlulele ngemuva, kepha kusekhona esinye sezici ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impucuko.