Lapho benza amaMaya: Izimfihlo impucuko yanyamalala. Imvelaphi imisebenzi abantu basendulo zaseMesoamerica

Umlando impucuko Mayan ugcwele izimfihlakalo. Omunye wabo - isizathu ukunyamalala ngokungazelele lokhu abantu basendulo, ifinyelele ezingeni Akumangalisi okusezingeni eliphezulu sokuthuthukisa amasiko.

Imvelaphi olwenzeka endaweni endaweni

Maya wemiphakathi ephucuke Mesoamerican baqala ukuvela azungeze 2000 BC. e. Yasungulwa phezu Insimu zaseMexico ka Tabasco futhi Yucatán, Guatemala kanye namazwe Belize, Honduras futhi El Salvador. Indawo lapho ukuphila kulezi zizwe lasendulo, wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amathathu zezulu: eyomile namatshe endaweni esezintabeni, ehlathini lemvula futhi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ocebile.

Ngokuqondene nomsuka wokukholelwa abantu, kanye mayelana lapho amaMaya elahlekile, kunezinkolelo-mbono eziningi. Kukhona umbono ukuthi bavelaphi Asia, ngisho nokucabanga kumnandi ukuthi inzalo ka-abakhileyo Atlantis wasenganekwaneni. Omunye umbono uthi bavelaphi Palestine. Ubufakazi eholwa yokuthi eziningi izakhi inkolo Mayan efana Christian (umbono ka sokufika kukaMesiya, uphawu cross). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo lesi sizwe kakhulu efana umGibhithe, futhi lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ngandlela-thile exhunywe ne eGibhithe lasendulo.

Mayans: umlando impucuko enkulu

Abacwaningi lucky - kukhona imithombo eminingi lapho ungenza isithombe ukuphila kwalesi abantu basendulo. Umlando wako izingxenye izinkathi eziningana ezinkulu.

Ngo zangenkathi yangaphambi classical kwamaNdiya Mayan babe bezizwe ezincane, ukukhiqiza ukudla by ukuzingela ukuhlangana. Mayelana 1000 BC. e. kukhona okuningi nemizana amancane labalimi. El Mirador - ingenye yamadolobha lokuqala yamaMaya, manje seyaziwa omkhulu walo pyramidal eyinkimbinkimbi 72 amamitha ukuphakama. Kwakuwusuku muzi elikhulu kwesikhathi pre-classic.

Inkathi Landelayo (400 BC -.... 250 AD) libhekene izinguquko ezinkulu ngokuphila amaNdiya. Kukhona nokukhula ngokushesha emadolobheni, elamiswa omkhulukazi izakhiwo yezakhiwo.

iminyaka 250-600. n. e. - isikhathi kwenkathi zasendulo impucuko yasendulo abantu zaseMesoamerica. Phakathi nale nkathi, sisungule ukuncintisana nomunye lizisho. izakhiwo zabo yethulwa aluhlaza izakhiwo yezakhiwo. Ngokuvamile izakhiwo ezungeze isikwele unxande emaphakathi futhi ehlotshiswe buso wonkulunkulu izibalo basezinganekwaneni eliqoshwe itshe. Umlando Mayan wathi leso sici kwakuwukuba khona kwezithunywa nemizana maphakathi imizi amaphiramidi kufika ku-15 metres.

Ekupheleni kwesikhathi classical sabantu Guatemala ezindaweni ongaphakeme-amanga ifinyelele i nani elihlaba umxhwele abantu phezu 3 million.

Ngasekupheleni kwenkathi Classic - sokuthuthwa kwempahla isiko abantu basendulo zaseMesoamerica. Bese kuba khona abangu wamisa umuzi omkhulu - Uxmal, Chichen Itza futhi Coba. Inani labantu base-ngamunye wabo abantu 10 kuya kwezingu-25. umlando Mayan asinakubhuntsha ukubamangaza - kulokhu ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu akazange zokuhlalisa omkhulu kangaka.

Ezemidlalo kanye nemisebenzi yezandla Mayan

Main umsebenzi amaNdiya kwezolimo (abayisebenzisayo yokugawula ezishile kanye neensetjenziswa), ukufuywa futhi izikebhe. ummbila Grown (isivuno main), ubhontshisi, utamatisi, amathanga, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba pepper, ugwayi, ukotini, ubhatata futhi ezihlukahlukene seasonings. kwezitshalo Okubalulekile kwaba cocoa.

Ukwenza ukutshala izithelo Maya. Manje kunzima ukutshela lapho izihlahla zezithelo babe cultured. Izakhamuzi wayedla sasigaya upopo, ukwatapheya, uRamon chikosapote, Nancy, Marañon.

Naphezu ezingeni lelisetulu ukuthuthukiswa, amaMaya akazange ayeke ukubukela futhi ubutha. amahlamvu Palm zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso material for uphahla ezintweni zokwakha uphahla ulungele ukwelukwa obhasikidi, resin eqoqwe yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo impepho, futhi Koros epheka ukudla.

Nokuzingela nokudoba, kakhulu, baba phakathi kwabantu imisebenzi esemqoka wamaNdiya.

Zocwaningo bemivubukulo kuyacaca ukuthi Yucatán futhi Guatemala wahlala ngezisebenzi: gunsmiths, Abeluki, Jewelers, Okugweda kanye abaklami.

izakhiwo

Maya eyaziwa ezakhiweni awo amakhulu: pyramidal izakhiwo nezigodlo kubabusi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wadala izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu amahle bas-imifanekiso, izisusa main okwakukhona unkulunkulu laba balobi abakuloba.

umhlatshelo

Phakathi kwezakhiwo abasindile the main okuyingxenye kuhlala izakhiwo zenkolo. Lokhu kanye nezinye imithombo basikisela ukuthi inkolo ithatha emphilweni amaMaya isikhungo esiteji. Baziwa ngokubonisa imikhuba yabo nomkhuba wokuchitha igazi futhi lemihlatshelo yabantu wonkulunkulu. Enobudlova kakhulu emikhosini kwaba engcwaba bephila isisulu, kanye ukudabuka esiswini kanye edonsa inhliziyo ephuma emzimbeni ngaso leso namanje umuntu ophilayo. Banikela hhayi kuphela iziboshwa, kodwa amalungu esizwe.

Imfihlakalo ukunyamalala abantu

Umbuzo ka-Maya kude kangakanani gone siyaqhubeka isithakazelo abacwaningi abaningi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ekhulwini IX insimu eningizimu kwamaNdiya eziphilayo waqala awunalutho. Ngesizathu esithile, abantu baqala ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi. Ngokushesha, inqubo lasakazekela Yucatán emaphakathi. Lapho benza amaMaya nokuthi kungani ashiya imizi yawo? Lo mbuzo ayinakho impendulo. Kukhona nemibono ezizama ukuchaza ukunyamalala ngokungazelele omunye abantu zaseMesoamerica. Abacwaningi shayela yezizathu ezilandelayo: ayehlasela isitha, ukuhlubuka kwase olunegazi, izifo nezinhlekelele zemvelo. Mhlawumbe Maya waphula ibhalansi phakathi imvelo kanye indoda. labantu elikhula ngokushesha mpilo ngokuphelele kwemithombo yemvelo futhi waqala ukuzwa izinkinga ezinkulu bikho inhlabathi evundile futhi amanzi okuphuza.

Umbono yokugcina mayelana ukwehla impucuko Mayan busikisela ukuthi leli kwakubangelwa isomiso esinzima, okwaholela ukutjhatjalaliswa emadolobheni.

Ngiphakathi zalezi zinkolelo-mbono ngeke ithole qinisekisa sina, futhi umbuzo mayelana lapho amaMaya elahlekile, namanje uvuliwe.

Maya yesimanje

abantu sidilizwa Mesoamerican yanyamalala unomphela. Lizogqunywa inzalo yakhe - Mayan yesimanje. Bayaqhubeka bahlala ezweni wawoyise abadumile - eGuatemala eMexico, esaziwa ulimi, amasiko nendlela yawo yokuphila.