Massacre St. noBartolomewu

Ubani ongakaze ezwe lethu ibinzana "noBartolomewu Ebusuku"? Inani lale phraseologism futhi ukwazi abaningana, le nkulumo usuphenduke into efanayo ukucekelwa ongenangqondo futhi ononya, nesihluku ngempela songenangqondo. Kodwa isizathu esenza la mazwi Uthole lesi yenani, eyaziwa ngeshwa, hhayi wonke umuntu.

Izenzakalo wathola kamuva igama St noBartolomewu, okwenzeka ngo-1572, ngobusuku Agasti 24. Lolu suku lugujwa ngosuku St noBartolomewu, igama lakhe futhi kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi zalesi sibhicongo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuchaza sigameko ngokwayo, amagama ambalwa kufanele wathi ngalokho kwaba isizathu.

Europe XVI leminyaka, libhekene ukwakheka kanye ukusabalala zezinhlangano zenkolo ezihlukahlukene esekelwe ubuKristu, kodwa wenqabe ubuKatolika yendabuko lezi zindawo. izinkomba okusha futhi kwaba ngempela eziningi, kuhlanganise iLuthela, amaSheshi, bakaCalvin, njll Nokho, kusukela komunye nomunye, ayehlukile kancane. Liyisisekelo sako konke YamaProthestani ukunyakaza yokuncishiswa namanga lokukhonza uZimu: ukwenqaba iningi amasakramente, tagcinwa kanye kuphela esithi ukubhapathizwa, futhi bemlahlile hlonipho Hallows nezimpawu, njll Kwezindlu zokukhulekela Ususe altare futhi, yebo, zonke izithombe eziqoshiwe nemifanekiso, futhi ngempela bonke ubucwebecwebe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izintshumayelo kanye amaculo, kanye okuthola iBhayibheli, okwakwenza ayebhekwa kuphela umthombo yokufundisa, zihunyushelwe yomhlambi, njengoPawulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sasingekho into efana a futhi akudingekile afungele ukungashadi, futhi umpristi kungaba yinoma yiliphi ilungu lomphakathi. Mithandazo ikakhulukazi kwakubacasula upapa zonke amaKatolika.

Ngenxa ukuthandwa okwandayo ukunyakaza yamaProthestani e-Europe waqala ezimpini zenkolo. Iningi lazo okwenzeka ensimini ka eFrance, njengoba kwaba khona ngentshiseko ekuthuthukiseni ukunyakaza lenkolo kaCalvin. French Entela wabhekisela kuwo ngokuthi amaHuguenot, futhi ekugcineni isidlaliso wanamathela futhi kwababusi bakaCalvin.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngezimpi eziningana olunegazi eSaint-Germain ukuthula kuphothuliwe lapho amaHuguenot wathola okuningi amalungelo amaningana, kuhlanganise ngokwengxenye nenkululeko yenkolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkolo kaCalvin umholi ukunyakaza, Admiral Coligny, wangeniswa umkhandlu wobukhosi. Lokhu kwakumenza akwazi ukuthutha ngokushesha uthole nethonya elikhulu uCharles IX. Yokuqinisa emhlabeni esesibuthakathaka kakade, kwanqunywa ukuba unike Margaritu Valua njengoba omunye wabaholi we bakaCalvin, Genriha Navarrskogo.

Kodwa indlovukazi-unina, Ekaterinu Medichi, eziyimbangela yalokhu akazange ivumelane. Ikakhulukazi, ngoba wayesaba ukuthi uzophinde ahlukaniswe ithonya inkosi. Futhi iqiniso lokuthi Colin ophoqa Charles ukuqala impi nge Catholic Spain.

Phakathi belungiselela umshado Paris bakhangwa okuphawulekayo enethonya amaProthestani eziningi, okwabacasula amaKatolika waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha. Kwabapristi kuphela ngaphezulu ukufuthelana lokhu ukunganeliseki. Kubandakanya ngokusebenzisa yokwanda amahemuhemu athi amaHuguenot balungiselela itulo lokuketula yinkosi.

lomshado esinomsindo okukhazimulayo, eyaqala ngo-Agasti 18, 1572 bendawo okwengeziwe bethukuthele. Esimweni yokukhula ukunganeliseki izenzakalo lakhula ngokushesha kakhulu. I Duc de sama-August 22 wenza umzamo ku Coligny. Ngakho, Huguenot anxenxa ajezise lobugebengu. Konke lokhu kwasusa phakathi bakaCalvin amahemuhemu ukuthi impi entsha kuhlanganwe namaKatolika kungagwenywa cha. Ezinye zazo waphuthuma ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi.

Yiqiniso, Ekaterina Medichi bayisebenzisa kahle le simo futhi wakholisa Charles abadinga ekubhujisweni ezingokomzimba amaHuguenot. Manje St noBartolomewu sasingagwemeki.

Agasti 23 ukuze, lapho inkosi iyaleza zonke amasango ku esemaphethelweni eParis zavalwa, nezindlu Huguenot zaziphawuleka ngoshoki. Ngabo lobo busuku, kwabozungu bagqekeza ekhaya Admiral kwalimala wambulala. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, abakhileyo edolobheni, abefundisi babhebhezela ukuzondwa waqala ukuba singangeni ngenkani endlini futhi ukubulala noma ubani nje oza indlela yabo. Labo kubhekwe izinyathelo ezinjalo lingalingani nesihluku, kakhulu abaqiniseka isidingo sabo futhi baze basongela ngokunqunywa esontweni.

efanayo Ukubulawa ngamabomu zaqala ukuhlasela, kwathi kwamanye amadolobha yeFrance. Ubude noBartolomewu ebusuku kwabulala kuka 10,000 bakaCalvin, ezingaba ngu-3 kwesigidi bafa Paris. Akukho nzima ukuqagela ukuthi isihluku esinjalo kwakubasiza hhayi kuphela akazange ukuxazulula le nkinga, kodwa ukwenza kube sibi kakhulu. Ngemva kwaleyo mpi ne amaHuguenot baba ngenakugwemeka ngempela. Futhi ukunqotshwa kule amaKatolika mpi bahlupheka futhi. UCharles IX kwaphinde ophoqelelwe athambise isandla.

Nokho, uma kwenzeka uqobo wathola izimpendulo eziningi ezinhle kusukela amaKatolika emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise uPapa. Kuphela emva kweminyaka 425, uPapa John Paul II wavuma ukuthi Massacre St. noBartolomewu eFrance kwakuyiphutha, futhi ngamazwi aqatha ke.

Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi izenzo ezinjalo Kwakuseshwa, amaKatolika hhayi kuphela. Ngakho emzini Nimes e neminyaka eyisithupha ngaphambi Wachaza izenzakalo into efana bazihlela amaHuguenot. Nokho, St noBartolomewu idlula yonke imicimbi efanayo izikhathi eziningana esikalini.