Lapho ukukhula orchid? Ama-orchid zasendle

Ukuqhakaza orchid ungakwazi ukuhlobisa ikhaya. Iyanezela umbala wezangaphakathi, kwakha umuzwa freshness nenduduzo. Kodwa wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ama-orchid ibilokhu ingeyona imbali ezimbizeni, ngokwemvelo kukhona izinhlobo eziningi ubuhle. Lapho ama-orchid bakhule endle? Yiliphi izwe okufanele uhambe ukuze ujabulele yemvelo ubuhle izitshalo? Lemibuto nibaluleke ngifuna izimpendulo enemininingwane.

Hlobo luni izitshalo

orchid esizithandayo ungomunye izitshalo endala. Kuqinisekisiwe khona kwabo kuze kufike emuva njengoba Late isikhathi Cretaceous. Ngokusho ngezigaba yesayensi umndeni orchid kungokwalabo uMnyango nezitshalo eziqhakazayo, monocots ikilasi, ukuze asparagales izitshalo. Igama Lesi'Latin - Orchidáceae.

Sekukonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-35 eziyinkulungwane. Tinhlobo orchid. Eqinisweni, lezi zitshalo bakha ingxenye yesikhombisa kuzo zonke imibala zomhlaba. Kodwa kuhlukile kokubili ifomu ngombala, kanye nosayizi ngokuphawulekayo. Ngakho, ngubani yena, ubuhle, ama-orchid? Lapho ikhula (amazwe, amazwekazi)? Yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo? abantu bazi isikhathi esingakanani ngakho?

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala

Ngo Verona, ku kumbiwa Monte Bolsa, izingcezwana endala orchid zitholakele. Igama imbali livele isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki uTheophrastus owayehlala 6-5 eminyaka BC. Beautiful isitshalo sefilosofi kufakwe indatshana ehlelekile ku wezitshalo zemithi, ngokuthi De Historia Plantarum. ososayensi sidilizwa luye lwabonisa ukuthi 2 tubercle ngasesinqeni se izimpande zifane amasende womuntu, ngakho wayibiza ngokuthi ama simila "orchid" (ngesiGreki lisho "qanda"). Emibuthanweni zezemfundo, igama isasetshenziswa namuhla, izitshalo ngokuthi Orchidaceae, noma Yatryshnikovye.

Usosayensi Dioskrid kabani sokuphila ezenzeka esikhathini ekhulwini lokuqala leminyaka AD, ukhuluma orchid emibhalweni yakhe. Uthi ukuthi isitshalo wayemazi Aztec (eMexico), futhi ayesebenzisa omunye wabo, ikakhulukazi i-vanilla, ukwakha isiphuzo elimnandi.

Futhi nangu indatshana yokuqala ukutshala orchid ayebhalwe China ekhulwini leshumi nanye. Kwakukhona okuningi ulwazi mayelana lapho sikhule orchid, into eyayenziwa kakhulu indlela ukuhlobisa indlu yakho bloomer futhi ukuze bazivikele emimoyeni emibi.

Ukubuthelela

Njengoba umkhaya ka-izitshalo nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu, it is eminye selihlukene laba amaqembu:

• iqembu orchid epiphytic, okuyinto bahlala izihlahla;
• iqembu izitshalo saprophytic okuyinto siphile komhlaba;
• iqembu orchid eliwumhlaba.

Futhi manje, nokwazi ukuthi angakhula orchid nohlobo ezimweni ezahlukene, kungenzeka ukukhuluma mayelana nokusatshalaliswa yabo.

Distribution orchid

izitshalo Orchid e wonke amazwekazi. Ayikho inhlanhla kuphela e-Antarctica, kodwa kukhona ngokuvamile tugovato izitshalo. abameleli abaningi ingatholakala Ezindaweni ezishisayo. Lokhu kungenxa imvelo evumayo kakhulu ukukhula. Ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu, isibalo esiphezulu epiphytic zinhlobo ama-orchid.

Esikhathini ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele we ezivamile Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi eliwumhlaba herbaceous. Kungenzeka rhizomatous futhi tuberous. Kodwa ama-orchid mancane kakhulu ukwedlula ukushona ezindaweni ezishisayo. Uma sicabanga Nenkabazwe, ezindaweni ezinezinga lokushisa elithokomele, lapho kukhona eliwumhlaba orchid iqembu, kungatholakala hhayi izizukulwane engaphezu kwengu-75. Lokhu kumayelana 10%. Futhi kule zindawo maphakathi eNingizimu Nenkabazwe-ke imelelwa ingqikithi 40 ukubeletha.

ISoviet Union yakuqala zingatholakala kuze kufinyelele 49 izizukulwane Ama-orchid.

Ososayensi baye benza division okunemibandela orchid ku Isifundazwe sezulu:

1. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa Central Melika, eNingizimu Melika, i-Afrika kanye nezinye izindawo ogwini, esisogwini parallel efanayo. Kufudumele futhi kunomswakama, nje lokho abathanda orchid epiphytic. Esikhathini indawo yokuqala kukhona abamele wonke amaqembu.
2. Eyesibili zone kuhlanganisa yasezintabeni, okungukuthi, ne-Andes, ezintabeni zakwa-Brazil, New Guinea, Malaysia, Indonesia. Amazinga lapha kancane ephansi, kodwa nomswakama kuphezulu. Esikhathini indawo yesibili kungenzeka khona, cishe yonke abameleli-orchid.
3. Izoni lwesithathu yakhiwa ithafa futhi asemaqeleni. Ukuze orchid kukhona izimo ezingezinhle, kodwa zikhona izimo ezinzima. Kunezindlela eziningana ezincane zama-epiphytic futhi eliwumhlaba.
4. Ukuze lokushisa wesine endaweni inesimo sezulu esipholile. Orchid encane. Kuphela zinhlobo eliwumhlaba.

orchid epiphytic

orchid Epiphytic akudingeki zikhule futhi yabe umhlaba. Izihlahla namadwala, lapho ama-orchid zikhule, sibasekele kuphela. Izimpande emoyeni, okuvela ngazo etholwe futhi umswakama kanye nokudla. Kodwa abaningi bacabanga ukuthi ama-orchid kukhona yisinanakazana ezihlahleni. Iningi lezinhlobo epiphytic kukhona ukuqina, efana nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Lokhu ama zamanga (pseudobulbs), okuyinto buthelela izakhi kanye umswakama.

Zenyathi epiphytic izitshalo zama-orchid ezikhulayo emadwaleni, ngokuthi lithophytes. Amatshe ngokuvamile zikhule labo zinhlobo ukuthi amahlathi azungezile akuyona ukukhanya okwanele. Ngokwemvelo, litofitnye orchid ngokwemvelo futhi ube izimpande zasemoyeni.

orchid saprophytic

Kuyinto iqembu kunalokho enkulu izitshalo ehlanganisa yokuphunyuka elula ngaphandle amaqabunga, kodwa ngokuziphatha nginesikali. Qeda ukubaleka umbala ibhulashi (e houseplants ngokuvamile imbali eyodwa).

Saprophytic isitshalo komhlaba ayinakho chlorophyll. izinto eziphilayo nalokho iwe we humus substrate. esigaxeni Underground ngokuvamile sifana coral. sici lakhe - ukungakwazi ukukhiqiza izimpande amasha. Rhizomes ngenkuthalo zimunce amanzi kuyo yonke i-surface, lapho izakhi ziyoncibilika. izinto eziphilayo ekukhuleni namandla lwezimbali saprophytic ukhiqiza ukhunta mycotic.

orchid eliwumhlaba

Iqembu kuhlanganiswe orchid eliwumhlaba izitshalo, okuyinto abe amahlamvu ezivamile oluhlaza, ama komhlaba noma izimpande futhi impande efihlekile. zinhlobo ezinjalo esakazwa e-United States kanye ne-Europe. Lapha, ukuphakama yabo imayelana 50 cm. Kodwa ezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kukhona orchid, zinhlobo eliwumhlaba kungaba kakhulu kunalokhu. Isikhathi esining impela, zinjengodonga ukuqhakaza ekusakazeni shrub.

Ama-orchid zinhlobo eliwumhlaba abe ezivamile komhlaba uhlelo impande noma impande efihlekile. Ngemva ubusika of efihlekile abasha zikhule amahlumela.

Isihambi Ezijwayelekile - phalaenopsis

Lezi zitshalo ngokuvamile kakhulu edayiswa flower izitolo emhlabeni wonke. Thina balimi kuthandwa kakhulu orchid Phalaenopsis. Lapho ekhula zilwane zasendle, ungazi konke. Kodwa ku-ukunakekelwa ekhaya ukuze uthole ulwazi ubuhle galore. Ake ugcwalise izikhala nasolwazini nakuzo ukubhekana ne Phalenopsis zasendle.

Lezi zilwane isakazwa mpumalanga ye-Asia China. Izinhlanzi ezintabeni zaseHimalaya, Indochina, le Malay Archipelago, ePhilippines. Ihlanganisa indawo yakwa-Taiwan, New Guinea nase-Australia. YeSumatra kanye Andaman Islands wathola sihamba phalaenopsis. Lesitshalo ukhetha amahlathi yezimvula, kanye kwentaba kanye ese. Phalaenopsis kukhona iqembu epiphytic.

Dendrobium nobile - orchid Noble

Uyini-orchid yizicukuthwane Dendrobium Nobile? Lapho kukhona khona e nesimo salezi izimbali? Ngokuvamile lapho betholakala khona ezintabeni zaseHimalaya, eningizimu yeChina, e-North India, eVietnam futhi Indonesia. Endaweni yokusabalalisa kuhlanganisa eningizimu ingxenye Eurasia. Izitshalo kukhona iqembu epiphytic futhi litofitnoy, kodwa ezinye izinhlobo eliwumhlaba. Ukubukeka Dendrobiums ekhangayo. Amahlumela zikhule kusukela pseudobulbs, futhi wonke umuntu anganikeza 10-20 izimbali. Lesi sitshalo has a ukunambitheka emnandi olubucayi.

Cattleya - flavorful American

Beautiful Cattleya wafika Europe ngengozi. Amahlamvu aso ziye zasetshenziswa njengoba zokufaka impahla e ulele zokuthutha umphakathi ezishisayo. Iphasela nge izitshalo wathumela uWilliam Cattleya esakhohlwa sokuntshinga "isembozo." Bese isimangaliso kwenzeka - ku inqwaba udoti green babe izimbali ezinhle! Njengoba lafundvwako zilwane ezingavamile-orchid. Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-60 ase-zama-lokhu uhlobo lwe-orchid.

Imihlobo ehlukeneko Cattleya ngaphansi kwezimo ezingafani zezulu. EMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, lapho kukhona orchid yalolu hlobo unensimu nge amaphesenti ezahlukene umswakama lokushisa izimo. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo uhlala e-Amazon, lapho nomswakama ongafinyelela 100%. Ezinye zidinga izindawo ezomile kanye libalele. A izinhlobo ezimbalwa Cattleya sikhule ezintabeni Brazil, lapho izinga lokushisa ebusika of azungeze 5 ° C. Cattleya bohlobo futhi siqukethe izitshalo epiphytic futhi litofitnyh.

Naphezu kwesibalo omkhulu zinhlobo, izitshalo zama-orchid endle kudingeka uvikelwe. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene orchid Eurasia. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia, Belarus ne-Ukraine kunamabandla acishe abe ngu-130 zama-orchid eliwumhlaba, futhi ezisengozini yokushabalala.