Life kanye Works of feta. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila feta

Isikhova i-great Russian lyric Fet wazalwa ngo-December 5, 1820. Kodwa wokuphila baye bangabaza hhayi kuphela usuku oluqondile lokuzalwa kwakhe. amaqiniso okuyimfihlakalo kweqiniso zabo ngomsuka feta bahlukunyezwa kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ngaphezu engekho nobaba njengoba enjalo, engaqondakali sasinjani isimo nge igama langempela. Konke lokhu izungeza nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi ezinye feta imfihlakalo.

abazali feta

Ngokusemthethweni, le wohlanga olukhulu Russian Athanasius Neofitovich Shenshin, belashwa emzini laseJalimane Darmstadt, babehlala oberkrigskomissara endlini Karl Becker. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, indodakazi umhlalaphansi sebutho sika unesithakazelo zaziziningi ekhaya, eneminyaka engu-22 ubudala Charlotte. Nokho, Charlotte, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye unfree kakade futhi wayeshade isikhulu ezincane German Karlom Fetom, naye wahlala endlini Becker.

Naphezu kwalezi zimo, ngisho khona indodakazi yakhe Charlotte Fet, wabopha romance ngesivunguvungu. Imizwa ziqinile kanjalo uthando, Charlotte enquma ukuphunyuka Shenshin eRussia. Ekwindla ka-1820, Charlotte, washiya umfelwa yakhe nendodakazi, kusale eJalimane.

I isikhathi eside ngokwahlukana komama

ukuphila eseyi umsebenzi feta akukwazi ngaphandle indaba ubuhlobo abazali. Kakade eRussia, Charlotte amaphupho isahlukaniso esemthethweni nge Karlom Fetom. Kodwa isehlukaniso ngalezo zinsuku kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela inqubo ende. Ezinye wokuphila bathi ngombana lokhu emcimbini wedding phakathi Shenshin futhi Charlotte ezenzeka ngemva kweminyaka emibili lapho kuzalwa Athanasius kancane, indodana yabo evamile. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo Shenshin kusolakala ebathenga umpristi umfana igama lakhe.

Mhlawumbe kungenxa leli qiniso ukuthonywa lonke ekuphileni imbongi. Ukuphulwa lolu hlobo eMbusweni Russian babephathwa kuhle ngokhahlo. Nokho, yonke imithombo ukuqinisekisa lomshado Shenshin futhi Charlotte, kamuva ezanikezwa igama Elizavety Petrovny Shenshinoy.

Yezikhulu abampofu

Ukuqalisa bajwayelane Biography of the isosha esihlatshelelwayo, engaqondile pose umbuzo lokhu kwathinta ukuphila futhi umsebenzi feta. Yonke imininingwane ukufunda nzima. Kodwa-mlando ezinkulu esiyikho ngempela kufinyeleleke. Little Athanasius of engu-14 ngizibheke lezinceku wohlanga olukhulu Russian. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima izimantshi umsuka imfihlo ingane yembulwa. Ngo-1834 kwathiwa Uqedile ukuphenywa kokuphulwa kunjalo, okwaphumela isinqumo we Oryol uhulumeni wesifundazwe imbongi sesikhathi esizayo ophucwa ilungelo lakhe ubizwe Shenshin.

Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokushesha waqala comrades yamuva ukuklolodelwa ukuthi umfana sihlangabezane ubuhlungu kunalokho. Kuyinto ngokwengxenye lokhu kwaba ukuthuthukiswa engqondo ukugula feta, bamlandela kwaze kwaba sekufeni. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuthi kulesi simo wayengazange kuphela ilungelo ifa, kodwa ngokuvamile, ngokuvumelana imibhalo eyethulwe kusukela emilandwini sikhathi, wayengomunye umuntu waqinisekisa ngaphandle ubuzwe. Ngesinye isikhathi i-lezinceku wohlanga olukhulu Russian nge amagugu ecebile isibe iyisinxibi muntu, ngaphandle unina, hhayi kumuntu ofanele ngaphandle isibongo kanye yisakhamuzi Russian. Ukulahlekelwa sasisikhulu kangangokuba licabanga ukuthi umcimbi Fet banyakamisa ukuphila kwakhe esezokufa.

Umuntu wesinye isizwe Fet

Omunye Ungacabanga ukuthi odabule unina imbongi, encenga e pettifoggers zokwahlulela okungenani inkomba ezinye ngemvelaphi indodana yakhe. Kodwa bonke kwaba yize. Inkosikazi yaya enye indlela.

Ukukhumbula izimpande zakhe isiJalimane, yena ukuvusela isihe umyeni wakhe wangaphambili German. Umlando ayisho Helena Petrovna usezuze elamukelekile. Kodwa wayenesihe. Izihlobo wathumela isiqinisekiso esemthethweni iyindodana Athanasius Fet.

Ngakho-ke kwaba okungenani igama, nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi feta unikezwe sikhonzi esaba negalelo elisha ukuthuthukiswa lapho. Nokho, wayesalokhu waqhubeka wonke izaziso okuthiwa yayisemngceleni "Fet alien". Isiphetho wemvelo lokhu kwaba disinheritance ephelele. Ngoba manje kungaba owesinye isizwe owenza kwadingeka lutho umnumzana Shenshin. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi walithatha umbono ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuze uthole kabusha elahlekile igama Russian nesihloko.

Izinyathelo zokuqala izinkondlo

Athanasius wangena eMoscow University e-Faculty of Literature kubhekiselwe kuyo izinhlobo inyuvesi namanje - "Fet alien". Lapho, wahlangana imbongi esizayo nomcusumbuli Apollonom Grigorevym. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi ukuphila futhi umsebenzi feta washintsha ngaleso sikhathi: kunenkolelo Gregory wavula isipho sakhe olusankondlo Athanasius.

Ngokushesha kufika incwadi yokuqala "Lyrical onkulunkulu" - feta. Imbongi wabhala lapho wayesesokhalweni umfundi wasenyuvesi. Abafundi baziswa abafana isipho - Bethuka bonke okufanayo, lapho umlobi kungokwalabo izindlu. Futhi ngisho umhlaziyi nokhahlo Belinsky wagcizelela ngokuphindaphindiwe izihloko zabo ithalente esankondlo izinkondlo abasha. Izibuyekezo Belinsky, eqinisweni, wakhonza njengephayona uhlobo Fet ukudlula emhlabeni zezinkondlo Russian.

Athanasius yanyatheliswa ngo izincwadi ezihlukahlukene futhi eminyakeni embalwa uye walungisa iqoqo elisha lyric.

inkonzo yezempi

Nokho, injabulo lokusungula ayikwazanga belaphe abagulayo umphefumulo feta. Umqondo imisuka bakhe beqiniso haunted nsizwa. Wayekulungele ukwenza lutho ukuba kufakazelwe. Ngaphakathi the gama of Izinjongo ezinkulu Feth ngemva nje kokuqeda isikole ukuya empini, naye ethemba ukuthi uzothola ukuze uthole izikhulu empini. Ungena isevisi kwelinye regiments yesifundazwe kumi esifundazweni Kherson. Futhi ngokushesha nje lapho impumelelo lokuqala - Fet uthola yisakhamuzi ngokusemthethweni Russian.

Kodwa umsebenzi olusankondlo akuvimbi, wayesalokhu igcina eziningi zibhalwe futhi ukushicilela. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ingxenye yesifundazwe wokuphila ibutho izenze wazizwa: impilo kanye nomsebenzi we feta (amavesi ebhala sazikhohlwa) ayabaluleka mnyama futhi ungakujabulisi. Ukunxanela ezinkondlweni buthakathaka.

Fet e ezazibhalelwe abantu nje abavamile iqala akhononde ngokuthi ubunzima abangane bakhe khona manje. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ukwahlulela abanye izinhlamvu, usehlane, izinkinga zezimali. Ngakho-ke, ngisho isilungele umshado ka lula, nje balahle yalesi ezicindezelayo emzimbeni esidabukisayo isimo.

Yokuhumusha Petersburg

Grim babe nokuphila futhi umsebenzi feta. Kafushane ezichaza izenzakalo main, siphawula ukuthi leli sosha imbongi ngadonsa wayibhinca seminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubude. Futhi ngaphambi nje kokuthola kuqala ekuphileni isikhulu zabo isikhundla Fet ufunde mayelana isimemezelo esikhethekile, okuyinto kuphakamisa lizinga ubudala futhi ibutho lifaka ukuthola isikhundla yezikhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, izikhulu manje anikezwe kuphela umuntu amukele ngaso ephakeme isikhundla kwezempi kuka kwadingeka feta. Lezi zindaba demoralized ngokuphelele imbongi. Ayeyazi neze lase linyuke izinga. Life kanye Works of feta edwetshwa kabusha futhi yibhece omunye.

Owesifazane nobani omunye angase ukuxhuma ukuphila kwakhe kokunethezeka, kwaba futhi emkhathizwe. Fet baqhubeka bekhonza ezingasho ukuwela ukucindezeleka.

Nokho, inhlanhla ekugcineni wamomotheka imbongi: wakwazi ukudlulisela ukuPhila Guard Lancers, ofake eduze Petersburg. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1853 futhi ngokumangalisayo kwaqondana ushintsho esimweni sengqondo zomphakathi ngase izinkondlo. Ezinye ukwehla isithakazelo izincwadi, zikhonjwe maphakathi nawo-1840s, isidlulile.

Manje njengoba Nekrasov baba umhleli oyinhloko 'Contemporary "Umagazini futhi eqoqwe ngaphansi ephikweni elite izincwadi Russian, sekuyisikhathi lula ngokucacile ukuthuthukiswa noma imuphi umcabango yokudala. Ekugcineni ngabona ukukhanya isikhathi eside ukubhala iqoqo izinkondlo feta, okuyinto ukhohlwe imbongi yena yesibili.

isimemezelo olusankondlo

Amavesi ephrintiwe encwadini, ayithinta izithandwa izinkondlo. baxgeki Ngokushesha enjalo owaziwa kwezincwadi isikhathi njengoba V. P. Botkin futhi A. V Druzhinin, ushiye imibhalo kunalokho uyababazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi ukucindezela Turgenev, Fet zisiza ukukhulula ibhuku elisha.

Empeleni, konke lokho kwase okufanayo izinkondlo ezibhalwe ngaphambilini ngawo-1850. Ngo-1856, ngemva kokukhululwa kwe iyiqoqo entsha, futhi ushintshe impilo kanye nomsebenzi we feta. ukukhuluma Kafushane, imbongi Nekrasov waqaphela. Amagama amaningi ezithophayo mayelana Afanasiya feta yabhalwa master kwezincwadi Russian. Eshukunyiswe enjalo yokudumisa okusezingeni eliphezulu imbongi eba umsebenzi anolaka. It unyatheliswa cishe yonke namajenali tetemibhalo, okuyinto ngokungangabazeki kwaba nomthelela ezenzakalweni ezithile lokuthi isimo sizoba ngcono ngokwezimali.

uthando romantic

Kancane kancane yagcwala nokukhanya kokuphila futhi umsebenzi feta. Okubaluleke kakhulu isifiso sakhe - ukuthola isihloko izikhulu - kwakuzophela ngokushesha waqaphela. Kodwa uma leso simemezelo imperial ukukhulisa ibha waphinda ukukhiqiza izikhulu sitholwa njengefa. Manje, ukuze sithole esiphezulu athandwayo, wayekade ukhushuliwe sombutho. Imbongi waqaphela ukuthi uqhubeke ukuqhubeka ukudonsa inkonzo yezempi wazonda wayibhinca kumane engenamsebenzi.

Kodwa njengoba ngokuvamile kwenzeka, umuntu akakwazi ukuthatha kukho konke. Ngisesekhaya e-Ukraine, Fet wamenywa lomshado kubangani bakho Brzhevskim futhi izindlu engumakhelwane sihlangabezane intombazane ngaleso sikhathi owayese isikhathi eside akazange aphume zekhanda lakhe. Kwaba owayenekhono emculweni Elena Lazic, ngisho kulo umqambi wezingoma odumile kabani ithalente amazed Franz Liszt, uhambo ngenkathi e-Ukraine.

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, Elena kwaba Admirer abanothando zezinkondlo feta, futhi yena, washaywa amakhono wentombazane zomculo. Yiqiniso, ngaphandle romance akunakwenzeka ukuba zibone ngeso lengqondo nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi feta. okuqukethwe Omfushane inoveli yakhe Lazic kuhambisana umusho owodwa: intsha ngiwathanda nomunye. Nokho Fet sikhathele kakhulu babecindezelekile ngokwezimali futhi ayikwazi ixazululwe on the ngentuthuko sina. Imbongi ezama ukuchaza izinkinga zabo Lazic, kodwa yena, njengabo bonke amantombazane kulesi simo, ayiqondakali kahle ukudabuka kwakhe. Fet umbhalo osobala ekutshela Elena ukuthi umshado uyoba.

Ukufa kabuhlungu othandekayo wakhe

Ngemva kwalokho, uzama hhayi ukubona intombi yakhe. Ukushiya Petersburg, Athanasius uyaqonda ukuthi sibheke isizungu ngokomoya okuphakade. Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, abafundi zokuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi, Afanasiy Fet pragmatic futhi ngabhalela abangane ngomshado, ngothando futhi mayelana Elena Lazic. Cishe, Fet romantic kusanda wathumba uHelen, ngeke umthwalo ukuthandana.

Ngo-1850, ngenkathi evakashele e-Brzhevskih efanayo, lokhu akusho ukuthi ngomunye olokotha aye ifa elingumakhelwane ithe «i». Kamuva Fet wazisola kakhulu ngalokhu. Iqiniso lokuthi Elena ngokushesha zafa kabuhlungu. Umlando ayisho ukuthi ukufa kwakhe ezimbi by ukuzibulala noma cha. Kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi le ntombazane ashiswe ephila izindlu.

FET yena wafunda ngawo, lapho waphinda wavakashela abangane bakhe. It is ngakho washaqeka naye ukuthi ngaphambi kokuphila kwakhe imbongi yena kuthiwa kubangela yini ngokufa Elena. Wahlushwa iqiniso lokuthi akawutholi amagama afanele wamqinisekisa futhi uchaze indlela yakhe. Ngemva kokufa Lazic kwaba eningi amahemuhemu, kodwa akekho oye wazibonakalisa ukubandakanywa feta kulo mcimbi edabukisayo.

Ngomshado lula

Abathambekele ukwahlulela at inkonzo yezempi, wabona akunakwenzeka ukuba sifinyelele umgomo walo - lesi yisiqu esibhekisela kwamadoda asebukhosini, Fet ukuthatha iholidi eside. Ukuthatha nabo bonke izimali zanqwabelana, imbongi esifisa ukuhamba kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngo-1857, eParis, ngokungazelelwe washada Maria Petrovna Botkin, indodakazi yendoda umKhanani, abacebile itiye yomthengisi, ngubani, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwaba udadewabo nomcwaningi etemibhalo V P. Botkina. Ngokusobala, lokhu kwaba umshado best of lula, okuyinto imbongi ngiphuphe isikhathi eside kangaka. Abaphila Besikhathi babuzwe mayelana nezizathu umshado feta, yena wathi ukuthula obucacile.

Ngo 1858 Fet kuziwa eMoscow. Waphinde banqobe imicabango ka ukusweleka ezezimali. Ngokusobala, isipho ngumkayo akazange ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zawo. Imbongi wabhala eziningi, eziningi ukuphrinta. Ngokuvamile inani yizicucu ayifani izinga yabo. Lesi saziso nabangane abaseduze, futhi kwemibhalo. Ngokuzimisela mina engasenandaba imisebenzi feta kanye nomphakathi.

umninindlu

Ngesikhathi ke asuka befuna inhlokodolobha Lev Tolstoy. Ukuthola at Yasnaya Polyana, uzama ukuba siphinde sithole ugqozi. Mhlawumbe Fet nquma ukulandela isibonelo sakhe futhi axazulule impahla yakhe e Stepanovka. Ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa ukuthi kukhona phezu nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi feta. Nokho, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, zitholwe kule nkathi. Ngokungafani UTolstoy, ngubani ngempela ithole umoya yesibili esifundazweni, Phet izincwadi ezengeziwe Ufaka. Manje abukhali on ifa kanye nomnotho.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi njengoba umninindawo wathola ngempela yena. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile Fet esandisa Holdings zabo ngokuthenga izigodi eziningana engumakhelwane.

Athanasius Shenshin

Ngo-1863, imbongi eshicilelwe iqoqo elincane lyric. Yize kwegazi encane Lahlala unsold. Kodwa kulendawo omakhelwane wayezazisa feta ngendlela quality ahlukene ngokuphelele. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-11 aye aphethwe yokuqokwa ehhovisi imantshi.

Life kanye Works of Afanasiya Afanasevicha feta okhonzile kwakungamadodana umgomo kuphela, ukuze ngazo bona gade ukuphikelela emangalisayo - ukubuyiselwa kwamalungelo yayo yezikhulu. Ngo-1873 wakhipha umqulu isimemezelo sasebukhosini, okuyinto aqede iminyaka engamashumi amane Izehlakalo imbongi. It is avuselelwa ngokugcwele futhi ibhaliswe ngokomthetho njengoba yesikhulu enegama Shenshin. Athanasius Afanasievich neyaziwayo umkakhe ukuthi wayengafuni ngisho ufuna ukusho ngokuzwakalayo wazonda igama lakhe Fet.