Likuphi nomngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu

Kukholakala ukuthi umngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu egobhoza ridge ka Urals, ogwini iCaspian Sea futhi eziningi emifuleni kanye sisebunzimeni. Ubude indlela enjalo imayelana 6000 amakhilomitha.

Kukhona okunye, lapho umngcele idwetshwa kanye eyayiwuphawu yesifunda Ural ne eCaucasus. Thola ukuthi iyiphi inguqulo kuyiqiniso, kuyokusiza zomlando, ucwaningo ezindawo kuleli zwekazi.

kuhanjiswa ekuseni

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo abantu obulokhu uzibuza wona lapho imikhawulo ezweni kukhona ingxenye yezwe. Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi 3 edlule, izwe lokuqala kunemibandela ihlukaniswe 3 izifunda: West, East, nase-Afrika.

AmaGreki asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi umngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu sidlula oLwandle Olumnyama. Ngaleso sikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi ePhontu. Okuwukuphela kwesizathu esenza amaRoma wathutha komngcele Sea Azov. Ngokusho kwabo, yilelo nalelo libe nesigaba waqhubeka amanzi Meotida, kuhlanganise Strait of Kerch phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia kanye noMfula Don. Emibhalweni yakhe, Polybius, uHerodotus, Pampony, uPtolemy noStrabo wabhala ukuthi umngcele phakathi izingxenye mlando zezwe ukuze kwenziwe ngasogwini we Azov Sea, inguquko bushelelezi isiteshi Don. uma bahlulela amacala anjengalawa aye wasigcwalisa kuze 18th AD leminyaka. iziphetho ezifanayo banikezwe nezazi Russian encwadini "Cosmography" sangomhla ngekhulu le-17. Noma kunjalo, ngo 1759 M. Lomonosov baphetha ngokuthi nomngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu kumele kwenziwe phezu kwemifula Don, iVolga futhi Pechora.

Isethulo 18-19 eminyaka

Kancane kancane, umqondo ukwehlukana izingxenye zomhlaba waqala ukuthatha ukuma ndawonye. Ngo-medieval zemihla Arab yabalwa amanzi phesheya we iVolga kanye Kama emifuleni. The French babekholelwa ukuthi uhlukanisa umugqa egobhoza embhedeni emfuleni ob.

Ngo-1730, isiphakamiso imingcele umcengezi yezintaba zase-Ural okhethwe usosayensi Swedish Stralenberg. Identity theory kancane ngaphambili imisebenzi yabo-copyright futhi wachaza semfundiso yenkolo Russian Vladimir Tatishchev. Wasihlakaza umqondo sokuhlukanisa izingxenye zomhlaba kuphela imifula Empire Russian. Ngokusho kwakhe, umngcele ophakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu kumele kwenziwe yi-Belt Omkhulu ogwini yoLwandle iCaspian nezintaba Taurisskih. Ngenxa yalokho, bobabili theory zihlangana endaweni eyodwa - ngokwahlukana egobhoza yokhalo kwendawo Ural.

Okwesikhathi esithile umbono Stralenberg Tatishcheva futhi abazange bazikhathaze ngayo. Ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 ukuqashelwa ubuqiniso ukwahlulela kwabo sabonakala emibhalweni Polunin, Falk, Shchurovsky. Into kuphela abacwaningi abuhlangananga, ukuthi ekufezeni imingcele Miass.

Emuva ngo-1790 isazi sokuma komhlaba esiphambili uPallas ezihlongozwayo ukuze kukhawulwe ukwehlukana emithambekeni aseningizimu emfuleni iVolga, Jikelele Syrt, Manych futhi Ergeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuze Asia kwakungekaNkulunkulu elisezansi iCaspian. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, umngcele ukuthi esehlehlisa kancane kuya entshonalanga - kuya emfuleni Emba.

isiqinisekiso zinkolelo-mbono ezicatshangelwayo

Entwasahlobo ka-2010, Russian Umphakathi lezazi zokuma kwendawo wahlela uhambo emikhulu kuya ensimini Kazakhstan. Inhloso yalo mkhankaso sasitholakala audit ukubukwa evamile engokwezombangazwe emgqeni sokuhlukanisa izingxenye zomhlaba - (. Ubone ngezansi isithombe) yokhalo. Umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia kwakufanele athathe indawo engxenyeni eseningizimu egqumeni Ural. Ngenxa yalokho bomkhankaso, ososayensi baye bathola ukuthi le phiko ibanganyana kusukela Chrysostom. Ngaphezu kwalokho Ural isihlakazeka futhi ilahlekile uzwakalise axis. Kule ndawo, ezintabeni zihlukaniswe ukufana eziningana.

Phakathi abacwaningi babhekana nenkinga: okuyinto lamagquma eziphukile zidingida izingxenye ezithile umngcele wezwe. Phakathi uhambo okwengeziwe kuye kwatholakala ukuthi ukwehlukana lesifanele kumele zenzeke loMfula imifula Emba futhi Ural. Kuphela bayakwazi ukuba awaqonde ngokucacile imingcele zaleli zwekazi kweqiniso.

Enye inguqulo kwaba ukusungula ahlangene mdweshu sokuhlukanisa ET iCaspian ukucindezeleka. Imibiko ososayensi Russian bathunjelwa akhawunti Nokho, kokucubungula International Telecommunication Union, abazange balinde.

umngcele yesimanje

Kwaphela isikhathi eside ukubukwa zezombusazwe akazange avumele kwemibuso yaseYurophu nase-Asia bavumelane division zokugcina zaleli zwe. Noma kunjalo, ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, incazelo esemthethweni emngceleni namanje aphethwe. Zombili izinhlangothi kwaphuma imiqondo zamasiko nezomlando. Kuze kube manje, esigabeni sika-Europe nase-Asia egcina eksisi zase-Aegean, Marmara, kweBlack Sea OLwandle iCaspian, le Bosporus kanye iDardanelles, amanzi Urals phezulu e-Arctic Ocean. Umnyele is amelwe Atlas ezindawo ngamazwe. Ngakho, Urals - emfuleni kuphela phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia, okuyothi ngalo division.

Ngokusemthethweni, Azerbaijan neGeorgia kukhona ngokwengxenye ensimini ka kokubili izingxenye zomhlaba. Istanbul futhi benza idolobha onqamula ka Bosporus futhi izesekeli e-Asia naseYurophu. Namuhla kunesimo esithi asifane unawe lonke lelo zwe futhi Turkey. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emzini Rostov naye ungowasendaweni Asia, nakuba esisogwini insimu yase Russia.

Lesi sigaba esiqondile Urals

Umbuzo enkulu yomngcele ophakathi eksisi we izingxenye zomhlaba kungazelelwe wathola i mpikiswano esebenzayo phakathi kwezakhamizi kanye iziphathimandla Ekaterinburg. Iqiniso lokuthi leli dolobha phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia okwamanje nedlanzana ezimbalwa angu kusukela ezivamile division zone. Uma sicabangela lokhu ukukhula sendawo eYekaterinburg esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngidle ifa isiphetho Istanbul, ekubeni onqamula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-17 km kusuka onguthelawayeka Novo e-Moscow uye wamisa isikhumbuzo, okubonisa umngcele izingxenye ukukhanya. ezithakazelisayo Okuningi isimo eduze edolobheni. Kukhona futhi amaningi, futhi izintaba, kanye nokuhlaliswa kwabantu. Kuleli qophelo umngcele egobhoza nakangaka ka Urals Ephakathi, inqobo nje uma lezi zindawo ukuhlala e-Europe. Lokhu kusebenza futhi Novouralsk, nezintaba kubhayela, Birch, Varnachya, Hrastalnaya neLake Chusovskoye. Leli qiniso ephonsa ukungabaza ngokunemba ukwakhiwa Novo e-Moscow umngcele umgwaqo yesikhumbuzo.

isimo onqamula

Kuze kube manje, i-Russia - zwe elikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni nomngcele ophakathi eYurophu nase-Asia. Ukwaziswa okunjalo kwamenyezelwa ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 ku-summit UN. Sekukonke kukhona ezifundazwe ezinhlanu onqamula, kuhlanganise Russian Federation.

Okunye kufanele zabelwe Kazakhstan. Leli zwe akuyona ingxenye yoMkhandlu WaseYurophu, noma e uzakwabo Asian. Ngo-republic nge 2.7 million square metres. km kanye labantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-17,5 unesimo sokuba InterContinental. Namuhla-ke liyingxenye Eurasia zomphakathi.

Engaphansi kwe loMkhandlu WaseYurophu zihlanganisa amanye amazwe ezifana emngceleni efana Armenia naseKhupro kanye Turkey, Georgia ne-Azerbaijan. Nge Russia ubudlelwane zinqunywa kuphela ngaphakathi bavumelana mngcele. Zonke lezi uthi ezibhekwa onqamula. Alone phakathi kwazo Turkey. Kuthatha 783 000 square metres. km, kodwa ingenye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezohwebo kanye amasu ka-Eurasia. Ukuze nethonya ndawo sisalwa abameleli NATO ne-European Union. Labantu lapha abantu abangaphezu kuka-81 million. Turkey ine ophumayo ngqo kwezilwandle ezine: eMedithera, oLwandle Olumnyama, Marmara futhi Aegean. Ufana imingcele yamazwe eziyisishiyagalombili, kuhlanganise Greece, iSiriya no-Bulgaria.

amabhuloho onqamula

Sekukonke, zonke izakhiwo ziye engaphezu $ 1.5 billion. Ibhuloho omkhulu phakathi kwe-Asia neYurophu amanga ngokusebenzisa Bosphorus. Ubude bayo abangaphezu kuka 1.5 amakhilomitha kanye ububanzi 33 m. Bosphurus ibhuloho imiswe okwesikhashana, okusho ukuthi kokungathembeki main esisogwini phezulu, kanti isakhiwo ngokwaso has a ukuma i arc. Ukuphakama emnyombweni ilingana 165 amamitha.

Ibhuloho kungekho olunothile ezahlukene, kodwa kubhekwa uphawu main InterContinental Istanbul. Eyokwakha uhulumeni ke wachitha cishe u- $ 200 million. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abahamba ngezinyawo ukukhuphuka kwebhuloho akuvunyelwe nakancane, ukugwema izimo ukuzibulala. Izikhombisi-ndlela ngoba imali ezokuthutha. Ungase futhi ukhethe amabhuloho komngcele Orenburg futhi Rostov.

commemoratives Transcontinental

Iningi namatshe amade abaziwe elise Urals, Kazakhstan futhi Istanbul. uphawu yesikhumbuzo at Strait of Ugra Bowl kufanele wenziwe labo. It ikhona esiqhingini Vaigach futhi iphuzu enyakatho umngcele phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia.

Extreme empumalanga-eksisi izixhumanisi onqamula ibhalwe ku sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni Malaya Shchuchya.

Kusukela namatshe amade abaziwe izikhumbuzo kungenziwa behlukene edolobhaneni Providence, esiteshini Ural khahlamba, phezu Sinegorsk pass, Mount kubhayela, Magnitogorsk et al.