Lokwahlulela - ingenye main amafomu yokucabanga ndoda, okuyinto iyingxenye ebalulekile lonke ulwazi. Ikakhulukazi uma inqubo lihlotshaniswa zibona, iziphetho nokwakha ubufakazi. Ngo logic of the lokwahlulela ibizo elithi "isitatimende".

Lokwahlulela njengendlela mqondo

Nge kuphela leminye imicondvo nemibono ngaphandle kokuba nokwenzeka ukuxhumana noma zokuxhumana, abantu bangase ukuza azi utho? Impendulo ilula: akukho. Ulwazi kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni lapho ihlobene iqiniso noma falsity. Umbuzo iqiniso namanga kuphakama kuphela uma kukhona ukuhlobana imiqondo. Inyunyana phakathi kwabo Kumiswa ngesikhathi sesahlulelo lutho kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, ethi igama elithi "ikati", okuyinto ongaqhubeki iyiphi iqiniso noma falsity, sisuke ebhekisela kuphela umqondo. Isitatimende "cat has nemilenze emine" - lokhu isitatimende okuyinto yiqiniso noma cha nokuba ukuhlolwa ngoyebo noma ezingakhi. Ngokwesibonelo: "Zonke lezi zihlahla ziba oluhlaza"; "Abanye izinyoni musa fly"; "Cha ihlengethwa eyodwa - hhayi inhlanzi"; "Abanye izitshalo akuzona ezidliwayo."

Ukwakha ukwahlulela udala uhlaka olwenza kubhekwa evumelekile. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba ukuthutha ezicatshangwayo lweqiniso. Lokwahlulela ivumela zibonisa ubudlelwano phakathi imicimbi kanye izinto noma phakathi izakhiwo kanye nezici. Ngokwesibonelo: "Amanzi ayakhukhumala lapho eba yiqhwa," - umusho eveza ubuhlobo ndaba futhi lokushisa ivolumu. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukusungula ubuhlobo phakathi imiqondo ehlukene. Izahlulelo zihlanganisa ukwamukelwa noma uyaphika ukuhlobana izenzakalo, izinto, imihlola. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho bethi: "Le moto ehambayo indlu" - zisithinta ubuhlobo nabathile ngekwendzawo phakathi kwezinto ezimbili (imoto nekhaya).

Lokwahlulela - kuba wacabanga-ifomu kokuba ukwamukelwa noma lelicala khona lezinto (imiqondo), kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwezinto noma imiqondo, izinto kanye izimfanelo zabo.

NeziLimi ifomu izahlulelo

Kanye alikho umqondo ngaphandle kwe amagama noma izisho, noma izitatimende akuyona iziphakamiso kunokwenzeka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, hhayi wonke umusho isahlulelo. Noma yimuphi isitatimende ngolimi akubheka njengokuhle oboniswe ifomu lelandzisako, bephethe isigijimi nganoma yini. Iziphakamiso ukuthi awunawo ekuphikeni noma ukwamukelwa (umbuzo bese isisusa), okungukuthi, labo elingakwazi lingachazwa ngokuthi iqiniso noma amanga, akuzona izahlulelo. Izitatimende echaza kungenzeka izenzakalo zesikhathi esizayo, futhi ayikwazi ahlolwa njengencenye ethwele amanga noma iqiniso.

Kodwa nokho kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi ukuma libukeka umbuzo noma isibabazo. Kodwa bagomela noma wenqabe incazelo. Zibizwa ngokuthi bokukhuluma. Ngokwesibonelo: "Yini-Russian akawuthandi isipidi?" - umusho bokukhuluma interrogative, ogxile umbono ethize. Isahlulelo kuleli cala iqukethe isitatimende ukuthi iyiphi uthanda Russian isipidi. Kuyefana nasendleleni le misho yisibabazo: "Zama ukuthola iqhwa Juni" Kulokhu, evunywe umqondo nakwenzeka emsebenzini ohlongozwayo. Le design futhi ethi. Ngokufanayo iziphakamiso izahlulelo kungaba lelula nobe lelukhuni.

Isakhiwo ukwahlulela

Isitatimende elula akanayo inxenye ethile, okungase ekhishwe inyumbazane. Kuyinto yingxenye izingxenye nakakhulu elula kwesakhiwo ngokuthi imiqondo. Kusukela umbono amayunithi semantic lokwahlulela elula liyisici ahlukene kokuba ukubaluleka kweqiniso.

Ukusho ukuthi lebhokisi into bese uphawu yayo, it has a kuqala futhi aphathe ihlandla lesibili. Iziphakamiso yalolu hlobo zihlanganisa:

• Igama ibonisa ukuthi isihloko ukwahlulela - okuyisihloko elisho uhlamvu Latin S.
• Isilandiso - lo khomba into sici luchazwa ngegama incwadi P.
• Bunch - izwi, yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa imiqondo emibili ndawonye ( "kuyinto", "lithi", "akuyona" akusi yi "). NgesiRashiya, ungasebenzisa dash.

  "Lezi zilwane - Abantu abahlukumeza abanye" - a isiphakamiso elula.

izinhlobo izahlulelo

izitatimende Simple ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka:

• izinga;
• Inani (by volume tesifundvo);
• okuqukethwe isilandiso;
• modality.

Ukwahlulelwa izinga

Omunye izici ezibalulekile eyinhloko logic izinga. Ingqikithi Kulokhu kubonakala ikhono ukuthola ukungabi noma khona ubudlelwano ezithile phakathi imiqondo.

Kuye izinga nemisipha enjalo kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zezahlulelo:

• Affirmative. It lembula nokuthi ezinye uxhumano phakathi kuncike nesilandiso. Ifomula jikelele isitatimende enjalo ine uhlobo: «S P". Isibonelo: "Ilanga liyinkanyezi."
• Negative. Ngakho, sibonisa ukungabi khona ukuxhumana phakathi imiqondo (S futhi P). Formula ukwahlulela negative - kuba «S akuyona P". Ngokwesibonelo: "Lezi zinyoni akuzona ezincelisayo."

ukwahlukana njalo is kunalokho kabi amandla akhe, kusukela kunoma iyiphi isitatimende ngefomu ezifihliwe iqukethe abamukeli. Futhi okuphambene nalokho. Ngokwesibonelo, inkulumo ethi "ulwandle" kusho ukuthi kuncike - hhayi emfuleni, hhayi ichibi, nokunye. Futhi uma 'akuyona kolwandle, "ukuthi, ngokufanele, into umuntu kungenzeka ukuthi ulwandle noma bay. Yingakho isitatimende esisodwa ungaboniswa ngesimo kwenye, futhi uhambelana isitatimende double ezimbi.

Izinhlobonhlobo ukwahlulela ngoyebo

Uma kuyizinhlayiyana "cha" hhayi kufanele phambi kweqembu, futhi kuyingxenye isilandiso, amazwi anjengokuthi wabhekisela ngoyebo: "Isinqumo ngangenza iphutha." Amabili izinhlobo:

• izakhiwo ezinhle lapho "S kuyinto P", "inja ekhaya."
• uhlamvu esingesihle lapho «S akuyona-R", "Isobho endala."

Izinhlobonhlobo izahlulelo ezimbi

Ngokufanayo, phakathi izitatimende ezingehli kahle eziphathelene ababonakali ngezikhundla:

• isilandiso omuhle ifomula «S akuyona R" 'Olga wadla i-aphula ";
• isilandiso negative ifomula «S akuyona yini-R" 'Olga akakwazi ukuhamba. "

Ukubaluleka izahlulelo ezimbi itholakala iqhaza yabo yokuletha iqiniso. Zibonisa ukungabi yilutho avela kwamanye okuthile okuthile. Akumangalisi ukuthi yalokho omubi lokhu kwenziwa nawukuthi. Ukusungulwa lokho akuyona into, futhi yiziphi izimfanelo akusho ifa, kuqakathekile inqubo reflection.

Ukwahlulelwa isibalo

Esinye isici esekelwe ulwazi ivolumu okunomqondo ndaba lemali. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Single, ulwazi oqukethe ngendaba eyodwa. Formula: «S (akulona) R '.
• Okuyimfihlo - abanegazi isahlulelo kuma-ingxenye isihloko esihlukile. Kuye ngokuqiniseka le ngxenye ababonakali ngezikhundla: ezithile ( "Kuphela amanye S (akulona) P") futhi ongacacile (u- "Abanye S (akulona) P").
• Jikelele aqukethe izinsolo noma uyaphika ucezu ngalunye alesi sigaba ( "Zonke S P" noma "Cha S akuyona P").

United ukwahlulela

izitatimende Abaningi babe kokubili izici qualitative ambalwa. Kubo, isicelo ngezigaba enobunye. Lokhu kukunika ezine izinhlobo izahlulelo:

• Universal ngoyebo: "Zonke S P".
• negative Universal: "Cha S akuyona P".
• Ukuze ngokuvamile "Abanye S P".
• Chastnootritsatelnoe "Abanye S akuyona P".

Uhlobo sokwahlulela phezu okuqukethwe isilandiso

Kuye ukubaluleka semantic ka isilandiso kuyinto ayebatshele zona angawodwa:

• impahla, noma imfanelo;
• sengqondo, noma-isihlobo;
• khona noma ekuphileni.

izahlulelo Simple ukwembula ukuxhumana okuqondile phakathi izinto yokucabanga, ngaphandle kokuqukethwe yayo, abizwa ngokuthi attributive, noma categorical. Ngokwesibonelo: "Akekho umuntu unelungelo ukuthatha impilo yomunye umuntu." Umqondo wesifunda kusho attributive: «S (noma cha) R" (kuncike, umsipha, isilandiso, ngokulandelana).

Ukuhlobana lokwahlulela - isitatimende lapho isilandiso siveza khona noma ukungabi khona izixhumanisi (ubudlelwano) phakathi kwezinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezigabeni ezahlukene (isikhathi, indawo, ubuhlobo esiyimbangela). Ngokwesibonelo: "uPetru weza phambi Vasya."

Uma isilandiso kubonisa ukungabi noma khona ubudlelwano phakathi izinto, noma into yokucabanga, la mazwi kanti kwakungekho libizwa ekuphileni. Lapha, isilandiso esashiwo mazwi: "Yebo / Cha", "kwaba / wayengeyena" "khona / abekho", njalo njalo. Isibonelo: "Cha intuthu ngaphandle umlilo."

I modality yezahlulelo

Ngaphezu inani, isitatimende singase sithwale incazelo ethe xaxa. Ngamazwi athi "kungenzeka", "azinakwa", "kubalulekile" kanye nabanye, kanye ezingezinhle esihambelanayo "azivunyelwe", "akunakwenzeka", kuhlanganise nezinye izinkulumo ezashiwo modality.

Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo Timiso:

• Alethic (kweqiniso) modality. Siveza ubuhlobo obuphakathi izinto yokucabanga. Modal amazwi "may '," ngephutha "," kudingeka' futhi omqondofana yabo.
• Deontic (normative) modality. Libhekisela yokuziphatha. Igama elithi "kungavunyelwe", "kumele", "bavunyelwe", "bavunyelwe", njalo njalo.
• Epistemic (engqondweni yethu) modality uchaza degree of ukuthembeka ( 'kubonakaliswa kanjani "," waphikisa "," ngabazeka "futhi analogue zabo).
• Axiological (bamanani) modality. Iveza isimo sengqondo sokuba umuntu kunoma amagugu. Modal amazwi "okubi", "ngabandayo", "okuphansi", "okuhle."

Isengezo ngokuqukethwe izitatimende yi modality ukwamukelwa kuvame ukuhlotshaniswa isimo esingokomzwelo kuchazwa njengendlela value ukwahlulela. Ngokwesibonelo: "Ngeshwa, imvula." Kulesi simo sibonisa isimo sengqondo subjective isikhulumi yokuthi imvula.

Isakhiwo izitatimende eziyinkimbinkimbi

izahlulelo Inxanxathela aqukethe elula, oxhumene by izihlanganiso okunengqondo. Lezi izinyanda asetshenziswa njengoba isixhumanisi zingahlangana nomunye izipesheli. Ngaphezu ihange okunengqondo, okuyinto ngolimi Russian uthatha uhlobo nemifelandawonye lisasebenza quantifiers. Eza amafomu amabili:

• Umphelelisi - kuyizwi "zonke", "yonke", "ngekho", "yonke" nokunye. Iziphakamiso kulesi simo ngale ndlela: "Bonke izinto abe impahla ethile".
• Umphelelisi existential - kuyizwi "abanye", "abaningi", "kancane", "iningi", njalo njalo. Ifomula komusho eziyinkimbinkimbi kulokhu: "Kukhona izinto eziningana ukuthi babe izakhiwo ezithile."

Izibonelo izahlulelo eziyinkimbinkimbi: "Ekuseni ngovivi iqhude lakhala, wavuka ukuba ngivuke, + ngakho angizange ulale kahle."

Ikhono zalowo mahluleli;

Ikhono ukwakha amazwi kuziwa indoda ngeminyaka, kancane kancane. Ngezithuba zehora lesithathu iminyaka ingane kungase kudingeke uthi imisho elula ukuthi sisho lutho. Ukuqonda kuchumana lokubumbene, izinyunyana kolimi, isimo ezidingekayo futhi ezanele ukuze ukwahlulela lesifanele esehlakalweni esithile. Ngo ukuthuthukiswa umuntu efunda synthesize ulwazi. Lokhu kuvumela naye, esekelwe isiphakamiso elula, ukwakha eziyinkimbinkimbi.