Izinhlobo iqiniso ulwazi zefilosofi

Ingabe iqiniso ewayinini noma "lutho kuyiqiniso, konke kuvunyelwe" ifihlekile? Le mibuzo kanye neminye eminingi ozama uphendula zefilosofi zeminyaka. Nge umzamo omusha ngamunye ukuze uthole ulwazi lweqiniso ukuze eZweni Lesithembiso livela Ezingalapheki nakakhulu ngalesi sikhathi imibuzo futhi izinto eziphikisanayo. Kulesi sihloko thina chaza kafushane izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene iqiniso kule humanities nefilosofi.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ngqo ngezigaba, kuyafaneleka ukuthi humanities yesimanje ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana amaqiniso kangaka, kanjani ubuchwepheshe eziningi izinhlobo umsebenzi khona lukhona emiphakathini ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, inkolo indoda amashwa umakhelwane - isijeziso sezono zakhe noma bika laphezulu, ngoba ummeli kungase kube ubugebengu noma ukwephulwa komthetho, futhi imbongi kanye umbhali - indaba ethinta inhliziyo futhi othakazelisayo emzabalazweni bomuntu usizi lwakhe. Zonke lezi izinhlobo iqiniso banelilungelo khona, ngoba amanga emikhakheni ehlukene kolwazi.

Ngokusho ngezigaba ethandwa kakhulu, iqiniso uhlukaniswe ngokuphelele futhi isihlobo. Okokuqala - lena nolwazi olugcwele futhi ebalulekile mayelana into noma mkhuba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i- iqiniso isihlobo lithi ngokuphelele ongenakuwufinyelela. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuqonda ulwazi nje, kodwa ungakwazi ukuza eduze kwalo. Lezi zinhlobo iqiniso ifilosofi emenza eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezimbili: Metaphysics, ezithi ukuthi ulwazi eliphelele empeleni, futhi relativism, setuyuschemu wokuhlobana kwezinto lonke ulwazi.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu baye bangabaza iqiniso elimsulwa. AmaSophist eGreece ukubukwa relativistic wasendulo wazwakalisa maqondana nalokhu, zona wagxeka USocrates. Hobbes, Diderot, Descartes futhi Leibniz ngemva scholasticism lobuKristu ekhulwini XVI, futhi wafakazela ukuthi umqondo kwendalo uNkulunkulu emhlabeni njengoba iqiniso elimsulwa has izikhala eziningi ngokuyisisekelo untenable.

Ukukhonza iqiniso isihlobo ngolaka wagxeka Fridrih Nitsshe emsebenzini wakhe "Wakhuluma Ngakho Zarathustra". It kubonakala kwezinto izinkolelo zabantu noma noyedwa kubabusi. Ukubuza ukuze ulwazi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela zamanga kweqiniso, izindlela, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili kwaba inqubo yama-eugenics, abantu lokuxhaphaza abanye ngenxa yenzuzo yabo. Le filosofi esifanayo, ngokuvumelana immoralist German kumele abe khona, iqiniso netranstsendentnoy.

Wazi kanjani ukuthi iqiniso alikho? nenqubo yayo nezinhlobo zichazwe neminye imisebenzi eminingi zefilosofi nezesayensi. Kafushane, iqiniso kufanele kuhambisane nemithetho logic, akusho kungqubuzana amaqiniso aziwayo wesayensi zivumelana ulwazi eyisisekelo, kube elula futhi ecacile, ekusebenzeni, futhi akufanele incike esintwini.

Amafomu weqiniso, okwakuthiwa ngayo eshiwo ngenhla, kwahambisana futhi injongo uhlobo yayo. Leli qiniso ulwazi okuyinto akuxhomekile imisebenzi womuntu ngamunye kanye lwesintu lulonke. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo iqiniso angase aziphilele, zefilosofi abangamakholwa bakholelwa ukuthi bangabasiza ufunde kuphela ngokusebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho, imizwa, umqondo. Noma, in the amazwi Ivan Karamazov enovelini F. M. Dostoevskogo: "Uma uNkulunkulu akekho, konke kuvunyelwe."