Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich: Biography nesithombe

Adume wamavukelambuso Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich Wabelethwa ngenyanga kaMhlolanja ngomhlaka 28, 1889 edolobhaneni elincane Chernihiv Lyudkovo. Abazali bakhe abalimi ajwayelekile eRussia emaphakathi. isimo sezenhlalo nesezimali omkhaya ushiye izibazi ukuphila indlela lo mfana. imfundo yamabanga aphansi wathola ngendlela esikoleni sendawo. Lokhu kwalandelwa iminyaka emithathu kule esikoleni somphakathi. izifundo Enye indodana ongumlimi kwakungu neze eqolo.

Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich bomsebenzi baqala eminyakeni engu-17. I-Lithuanian Novoaleksandrovsk wazihlanganisa yengcebo wendawo. Nokho, isikhathi eside le nsizwa ayizange ihlale lapho. Waxoshwa ngenxa izinkanuko wamavukelambuso. Ngo-1907, le nsizwa yenza isinqumo kwesibhamu futhi wajoyina emjikelezweni kwamaBolshevik (kuleli qembu ngokusemthethweni okokuqala 1912). Ngobusuku obandulela yaphela ngowokuqala Russian Revolution, kodwa izinhlangano komhlaba baqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wabo.

Izikhungo lemikhumbi yempi

Ngo-1908 Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich wahlala eRiga. Ngo-1911 waqala ukukhonza ku Baltic Fleet. Isidingo ukunikeza emsebenzini yesosha akuyona into esiyifunayo Dybenko - wazama ukufihla, kodwa deviationist waboshwa futhi ngenkani ethunyelwe esiteshini wekuhlanganisa. Ngakho KwamaBolshevik abasha, waba itilosi. Indawo zokuphila kwakhe wazibonakalisa esiqhingini Kotlin, lapho edolobheni Kronstadt.

Dybenko ubekade nabasebenza lwemikhumbi eziningana, ikakhulukazi ukuqeqeshwa umkhumbi "Dvina" kanye yempi "uMbusi uPawulu mina». Sailor ngasebenza ngogesi, futhi kamuva ukhushuliwe izikhulu ze-non-ethunywe. Ngo-1913 waba nengxenye emkhankasweni kwezilwandle, wavakashela e-England, France naseNorway.

Eyokuqala Umhlaba

Ngo-1914 kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich kube ku isigaba ezahlukene, futhi iqhaza eziningana nokuhlasela ukulwa khona oLwandle iBaltic. Eminyakeni ethile yenkonzo kungukuthi abathuntubezwe intshiseko yayo izinguquko. Kunalokho, njengoba le ndlu esingu wayengumuntu uvukela eziwusizo kakhulu KwamaBolshevik Party. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, Dybenko kwaba igadiwe imfihlo wamaphoyisa omshoshaphansi. Wayekhona "engozini" futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu okuye kwabhalwa bakhishwe umkhumbi, lapho Baltic Fleet okokuqala phakathi nempi ngasinda kwavukelwa we amatilosi yempi "Hanko".

Ajwayelekile Riga wamavukelambuso yayiyindawo lapho wathunyelwa Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich. Biography ezempi futhi ayikwazanga izohlala ezihambisana kuphela ngoxhaxha, kodwa manje kwase kudingeka athole umsebenzi on the front umhlaba. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu inkonzo, wagwetshwa ejele Helsingfors inkulumo-ze ngendlela ethena amandla. Isiphetho yaba ngeyesikhashana. ngokushesha Dybenko wabuyela ngoxhaxha njengoba Bataller. Naphezu kwazo zonke misadventures zabo zangaphambili kwamaBolshevik baqhubeka nemisebenzi yakhe izinguquko.

Phakathi kukaFebhuwari Okthoba

Ngo-1917, uPavel Dybenko kwaba shí izinto. Ngemva ukubonakala Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, wahlanganyela IBhodi Helsingfors, lapho ukuthi uyisekela kusukela imikhumbi. Njengoba i kwamaBolshevik oshisekayo, ayevelele kulandele imibono olukhulu kakhulu. Lokho kwaholela Pavel Dybenko enkulu inkulumo-ze umsebenzi ku Baltic Fleet ngesikhathi emelene nohulumeni imibhikisho iqembu lakhe ngoJulayi 1917. Kulelo hlobo, iningi amaBolshevik waboshwa futhi Lenin wabaleka wayifaka kokuwa.

Waboshwa Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich. Umlando Omfushane iziqephu wamavukelambuso egcwele lokuboshwa. Lokhu wake wazithola esiphambanweni, lapho ngesikhathi esifanayo, Trotsky wahlala. Ekuqaleni kuka-September, phakathi kwezinye kwamaBolshevik Dybenko wadedelwa. Uhulumeni wesikhashana iye yanquma ukuthi leli qembu liye laphelelwa ithonya layo langanakwa ophucwa yezixuku. Lo mbono uye wazibonakalisa iphutha elibi kakhulu.

Zisakaza we ababamele Assembly

Ebusuku, lapho abasekeli Lenin ashaqe amandla Petrograd Dybenko kwaholela ashushumbise amatilosi wamavukelambuso abanomqondo ofanayo kusuka Kronstadt enhlokodolobha. Uquketheni KwamaBolshevik phambi umbuso abasha baseSoviet babe abalulekile. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, yena waba ngokushesha ukubeka uMkhandlu Yabantu Commissars, lapho waba Yabantu Commissar ngoba Naval Affairs.

Baltic Fleet futhi ukhunjulwa kangakanani esenzelwe Icebo lika Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich. Usuku lokuzalwa le-isimo esisha cishe kwaqondana ukubiza we ababamele LoMhlangano. Dybenko wakhethwa njengoba nePhini lakhe uyisihambeli kuvela Baltic Fleet. Ngosuku nomhlangano we ababamele LoMhlangano iqondiswe KwamaBolshevik iqembu elikhulu amatilosi, eqinisweni ukuhlakaza umzimba wentando yeningi.

Nalapha ngokumelene amaJalimane

Liqala ukubusa, amaBolshevik azithola esesimweni isikhundla kunzima kakhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, it is yokuthola amandla White ukunyakaza, futhi ngakolunye, kuze ukusayinwa Brest ukuthula kungaqhubeka ekulweni namaJalimane. Ekuqaleni kuka-1918, baqhubeka okuhlaselayo zabo emazweni aseBaltic. Ngaphesheya indlela wabahlaseli bathunyelwa amatilosi, okwakubekelwa eliholwa Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich. ukuphila Siqu bangaphambi wamavukelambuso kwaphawulwa esijabulisayo: washada soratnitse Alexandra Kollontai, eyaduma esikhathini esizayo njengoba usomaqhinga.

Nokho, i-zemikhaya akukho isikhathi esisele. Dybenko lamabutho wayebhekene amaJalimane e-Narva. Amatilosi, wawungaphansi isitha njengakho konke izinkomba, idolobha kwesokunxele. Ngokushesha le phiko disarmed by siqu sakhe. Ukuze kwesikhath Dibenko axoshwe party (abuyiselwe ngo-1922). Ngomqondo othile, wamavukelambuso lucky - kwakungasebenzeki esingu, kodwa wathunyelwa umsebenzi komhlaba e-Odessa (ehlaselwe impumelelo esikhathini esidlule).

Ngo kulwiwa

In autumn 1918 Pavel Dybenko hit ibutho laseSoviet Ukraine. Wayehola division engabandlululi, eyayihlanganisa abasekeli Nestora Mahno. Impumelelo ababaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi kumiswa iye yaba nesandla ukuthunjwa eCrimea. Dybenko Division owokuqala wathatha ukulawula ukhiye Perekop isiqeshana sezwe. Nokho, intuthuko iye yaba onhlobonhlobo. Ngokushesha, Abasekeli amaBolshevik kwadingeka ashona.

Kwesobunxele kanye Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich. Photo Commander kwakufanele ivele amaphephandaba KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - wabuyela eMoscow futhi waba ngomunye abafundi lokuqala Academy asanda kuvulwa le-General Abasebenzi iRed Army. Isimo phambili kwaba udlubulunda, futhi ukushiya Dybenko futhi bathunyelwa epini. Ekupheleni kuka-1919, wahlanganyela yokukhululwa Tsaritsyn, lapho Stalin ukuthi laphawula futhi semashi esizayo Budyonny futhi Yegorov.

Wrestling ne engemuva

New 1920 st Dybenko engahlangana naye endleleni. Division wakhe bawaxosha ayesebuyela Denikin. Ngentwasahlobo ka induna safinyelela eCaucasus. Khona-ke uPawulu E. wabuyela eCrimea, lapho imilenze yalo yokugcina wamelana izinsalela ezimhlophe iphansi kwesandla sika-Wrangel. Ngo-September 1920, kulwiwa wabuyela kwesokunxele ngaphambi nje Academy.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, ngesikhathi kubanjwe ingqungquthela elilandelayo beqembu, kwagqashuka kwavukelwa odumile Kronstadt amatilosi. Dybenko wayekwazi lokhu akuxhomekile. Akumangazi ukuthi kwathiwa party yakhe emthumile ukuba ayodambisa ukuvukela ubunzima ukunganeliseki, ulindele izinto ezingenangqondo amatilosi. Khona-ke Dybenko weza iphansi kwesandla sika-Tukhachevsky. Ngo-April 1921, i-Umkhuzi ezimbili ndawonye futhi - nalesi sikhathi ukuyiveza kwavukelwa ongumlimi e Tambov sifundazwe Antonovites.

kweminyaka

Ngemva kokubuyela e-ukuphila ezisetshenziswa umphakathi Dybenko uPawulu Efimovich futhi Kollontai waqala abanezikhundla ehlukahlukene ukuphathwa. Umyeni - wezempi, umkakhe - osemcimbini futhi isevisi zamanxusa. Kuwo wonke 20s kanye 30s. Dybenko wahola amabutho amaningi lempi iRed Army.

Old kwamaBolshevik isiphetho kwaba phezu isithupha. Lapho Stalin umkhankaso ekuqothulweni ku iRed Army, Dybenko ekuqaleni usebenze njengomahluleli kutholakale ozokwengamela onokwethenjelwa ukwesaba. Yena becindezela izigceme e Leningrad Military District, lapho eseneminyaka umkhuzi webutho. I apogee yesevisi Dybenko kwaba iqhaza lakhe ecaleni Marshal Tukhachevsky ehlobo lika-1937. Futhi ngemva nje kwezinyanga ezimbalwa lesisiqephu yena yaxoshwa konke okuthunyelwe yakhe. Kwakukhona izinguquko eziningana sabasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, Dybenko kwakuwukusebenza Wabantu Commissariat embonini ihlathi futhi waba inhloko yalawa ukuvunwa ugodo ku gulag. Ngo-February 1938 eboshwa.

Pavel Dybenko, ngaleso sikhathi leli siko, wamangalelwa ngokuthi asihlola osomaqhinga angaphandle ngisho ukuxhumana ngokubhanqwa Tukhachevsky, abasiza ukuba isitshalo. Umlawuli odumile kulwiwa wadutshulwa Julayi 29, 1938. Wayelethwa avuselelwa emva XX Party Congress ngo-1956.