Magnetosphere woMhlaba: ngemiphumela ushintsho. igobolondo eMhlabeni yangaphandle

Magnetosphere umboza yimuphi umzimba nge kazibuthe. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi izinhlayiya nge amacala zehluke umugqa yokuqala ezinyakazayo ngaphansi kwethonya uzibuthe yangaphakathi. A indawo yokuhlangana amandla elanga futhi kazibuthe yakha ulwelwesi plasma ukumboza Magnetosphere.

Umthelela ilanga emhlabeni

Ilanga likhipha esiningi namandla, okuyinto sanda, "iyasha" ngaphandle. Lokhu kwanda ibizwa ngokuthi ama-solar wind.

Ama-solar wind ubabonisa ukuphendukela kunoma iluphi uhlangothi, ukugcwalisa sonke isikhala interplanetary. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, esikhathini interstellar plasma kumiswa esifundeni Kumiswa, othiwa solar umoya-plasma.

plasma Solar ihamba spirally, nge-avareji izinsuku 4 kuyalinqoba isikhawu phakathi kwelanga nomhlaba.

Sun kudedela amandla lapho ukuphila eMhlabeni. Nokho, ilanga liphuma futhi emisebeni eyingozi, kuyabuchitha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo eplanethini yethu. Lapho ezinyakazayo Zomhlaba emhlabeni emisebeni yelanga hhayi lonke basakaza unyaka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuguquka kwezinkathi zonyaka.

Evikela Ngomhlaba?

Isakhiwo engokwemvelo iplanethi enguMhlaba ivikela ke kusukela eziyingozi emisebeni yelanga. Umhlaba lizungezwe amagobolondo eziningana:

• Magnetosphere ukuthi zivikela solar ecucuza ngemisebe;
• ionosphere, iyavuleka X ray nakuma-emisebeni yelanga;
• i-ozone umkhawulo amanani bokungasetshenziswa emisebeni ultraviolet.

Ngenxa yalokho, uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli eMhlabeni (indawo yemvelo eziphilayo) ivikelwe ngokuphelele.

Magnetosphere woMhlaba - ungqimba zokuzivikela, iplanethi angaphandle. Kuyinto isithiyo ku-solar umoya-plasma. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ilanga plasma logeleta utungelete Umhlaba, ukwakha ukwakheka cavernous lapho kufihliwe emkhakheni kazibuthe omhlaba.

Kungani kukhona amandla kazibuthe?

Izimbangela Terrestrial Magnetism sitheza iplanethi. Njengoba mayelana nesakhiwo Zomhlaba iplanethi eyaziwa, liqukethe:

• core;
• isiphuku;
• Ungqimba olungaphandle lomhlaba.

Emhlabeni wonke kukhona ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise okudonsa kanye uzibuthe. Gravity e ngokunembile wonke umqondo walo elula Luhambo omhlaba wonke izinhlayiya impahla.

uzibuthe womhlaba izenzakalo ezenzeka ku imingcele umnyombo futhi isiphuku. Iplanethi ngokwayo - ke Idonsa omkhulu, ibhola nombala uzibuthe.

Imbangela zonke kazibuthe kukhona kagesi magnetization wamanje noma ezicindezelayo. Ososayensi ehilelekile inkinga ka uzibuthe eMhlabeni, thola:

• kubangela Luhambo kazibuthe Zomhlaba;
• ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi uzibuthe eliwumhlaba nemithombo yalo;
• ukucacisa ukusatshalaliswa nesiqondiso kazibuthe emhlabeni.

Lezizifundo abazenzi esebenzisa survey kazibuthe kanye ngokubhekisisa Observatory - amaphuzu ezikhethekile ezindaweni ezahlukene wonke.

Kanjani magnetosphere?

Ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa magnetosphere akhiqizwa:

• ama-solar wind,
• uzibuthe eliwumhlaba.

Ama-solar wind - umphumela plasma isakazwa eLangeni kuzo zonke izindawo. I ngesivinini komoya ebusweni 300-800 km / s. Ama-solar wind ligcwele ama-proton, ama-electron, i-alpha izinhlayiya kanye elinesimo athi hlangothi. Ama-solar wind sinikezwe uzibuthe solar plasma moveable kude kakhulu.

Magnetosphere woMhlaba kuyinto umgodi kubenzima. Zonke izingxenye zayo zigcwele plasma izinqubo, okuyinto zibaluleke kuyizinhlayiyana omkhulu ukusheshisa izindlela. Ohlangothini libalele igebe kusukela maphakathi Earth imingcele kunqunywa amandla ama-solar wind futhi ingafinyelela 60 kuya kwezingu-70 amakhilomitha, okuyinto ilingana engaba Umhlaba 10-12 Re. Re ilingana 6371 km.

imingcele magnetosphere iyashiyana ngesikhathi isihlobo indawo elangeni. umngcele okunjalo ohlangothini libalele yefomu kufana igobolondo. ibanga lalo silinganisiwe 15 Re. Nge amnyama ohlangothini Magnetosphere kuthatha ngesimo umsila cylindrical, engaba yayo 20-25 Re, ubude 200 Re, ophela engaziwa.

Ngo-magnetosphere, zikhona izindawo izinhlayiya ephezulu amandla, bebizwa "Leli bhande emisebeni". Magnetosphere uyakwazi ukuqalisa oscillation ezahlukene ngokwaso umthombo lemisebe ingxenye ezingasetshenziswa zingene Earth.

I-plasma engena phakathi ngezikhawu Magnetosphere phakathi kwezimfanelo magnetopause - cusps polar, futhi ngenxa imihlola Hydro futhi Ukuntengantenga.

Umsebenzi we kazibuthe

Magnetosphere woMhlaba kuthinta umsebenzi kazibuthe omhlaba, iziphepho geomagnetic futhi substorms.

Kuvikela eziphilayo emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kwayo, ukuphila bekungeke kusaba khona. Ngokusho ososayensi, izilwandle Mars kanye nomkhathi sebengenwe isikhala ngenxa ithonya ama-solar wind aveziwe. Njengoba Venus kanye namanzi kwalethwa kushaywa emkhathini ecucuza welanga.

Magnetosphere ubuye Jupiter, i-Uranus, Saturn kanye Neptune. igobolondo Mars kanye Mercury magnetic abangelutho. Venus ke ungaphenduki, ne-solar wind uphathe ukuba babhekane ngenxa ionosphere.

Izici ensimini

Impahla eyinhloko kazibuthe - lokhu ukungezwani. umfutho Magnetic - kuyinto eliningi vector. ensimini Planet magnetic imelelwa imigqa amandla tangential kubo ukukhombisa isiqondiso Vector ukungezwani.

Amandla kazibuthe kulezi zinsuku kuyinto 0.5 Oe noma 0.1 A / m. Ososayensi ukwamukela ekushintshashintsheni ukubaluleka esidlule. Kodwa zokugcina 2-3.5 bhiliyoni iminyaka, ensimini kazibuthe omhlaba ayikashintshi.

Point Emhlabeni, lapho ukungezwani iqondiswa thwi, abizwa ngokuthi izingongolo kazibuthe. On emazweni awo amabili:

• North;
• ENingizimu.

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zingongolo ezimbili sihamba ngqo - I-eksisi kazibuthe. Circle, esitholakala perpendicular eksisi, - a yenkabazwe kazibuthe. Amandla ensimini enkabazwe kuyinto ovundlile.

Izinti kazibuthe

Izinti kazibuthe akuhambisani kuya ezindawo evamile. izingongolo Geographic zitholakala ku-eksisi kwendawo kanye lapho iplanethi uzungeza. Lapho isiphakamiso Umhlaba uzungeza ilanga isiqondiso-eksisi yomhlaba inakekelwa.

umcibisholo Compass libonisa ncamashi Magnetic North Pole. I Observatory kazibuthe kulinganiswa ekushintshashintsheni kazibuthe emini, ezinye zazo bekwi zonke nesilinganiso yesibili.

Kusukela North Pole kuya eNingizimu ukudlula meridians kazibuthe. I-engeli phakathi Meridian kazibuthe nesendzawo ubizwa ngokuthi Nokwehla kazibuthe. Noma yimuphi iphuzu Emhlabeni has engela ayo Nokwehla.

Ngesikhathi uzibuthe yenkabazwe umcibisholo itholakala nendawo. Nxausiya ekupheleni enyakatho umcibisholo engenhla odlula phansi. I-engeli phakathi umcibisholo kanye endaweni evundlile - ukuthambekela kazibuthe. Ngo izigxobo ensimini kanye nokuthambekela esikhulu kunazo zonke-90 degrees.

Ukuhambisa kazibuthe

Nge ilungiselelo zezingongolo kazibuthe is zashintsha njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka.

Ekuqaleni, okwamanje la mandla kazibuthe lavulwa ngo-1831, bese-ke wawusegunjini amakhulu amakhilomitha kude indawo yamanje. cishe ibanga ukunyakaza for ngonyaka - 15 km.

Eminyakeni yamuva, ngesilinganiso ukunyakaza zezingongolo kazibuthe kwandisa. North Pole ihamba ngesivinini 40 km ngonyaka.

Hlela kabusha kazibuthe

Inqubo ekushintsheni polarity emhlabeni ibizwa ngokuthi i kombhala. Ososayensi bazi okungenani mayelana 100 lapho emkhakheni kazibuthe omhlaba kushintsha polarity yayo.

Kukholakala ukuthi kombhala kwenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyinkulungwane 11-12. Ezinye izinguqulo abizwa ngokuthi 13, 500 ngisho 780 000 eminyakeni. Mhlawumbe kombhala ayinakho PERIODICITY ecacile. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi inversions odlule eziphilayo emhlabeni wahlala.

Abantu abathi: "Kuyakudlula nini ulinde ukuba kubuyekezwe esilandelayo"

ukufuduka izigxobo esiteji senzeka ngesikhathi leminyaka elidlule. Manje-South Pole itholakala e-Indian Ocean, nasenyakatho kugudlukela ngaphesheya e-Arctic Ocean maqondana eSiberia. Inkambu uzibuthe eduze izingongolo ngesikhathi esifanayo buthakathaka. Inciphisa ukungezwani.

Kungenzeka, le kombhala elilandelayo lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni kuzoqhubeka. Umbuto ukutsi, ngasiphi izindleko. Uma kombhala kwenzeka yokushabalala ku Magnetosphere woMhlaba isikhathi esifushane, kungaba yingozi kakhulu kunazo zonke esintwini. iplanethi olungavikelekile zathiya imisebe cosmic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwehla we ungqimba lwe-ozone nakho kungaba ingozi sina.

Shintsha izigxobo ilanga, owenzeka ngo-2001, ayizange kwaholela ukuvalwa kwama-ungqimba yayo kazibuthe. Ingabe lwesigameko ezifanayo emhlabeni, ososayensi abazazi.

I perturbation we Magnetosphere zomhlaba: umthelela womuntu

Lapho ekuqaleni esondela plasma solar ifinyelela magnetosphere. Kodwa iphazamiseke umonakalo plasma permeability kuphakama igobolondo kazibuthe ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. plasma solar energy alo ukungena magnetosphere. Isihlobo ukuze ngesilinganiso inflow wamandla kwemali, kukhona ezintathu okuhlukile impendulo Magnetosphere:

1. isimo nokuzola magnetosphere - igobolondo akashintshi isimo sayo njengomholi ngesilinganiso amandla ukunyakaza sincane kakhulu noma ilingane ukubaluleka amandla kwashabalala e kazibuthe.
2. I substorm kazibuthe. Isimo ukuthi kwenzeka esimweni lapho izinga amandla engenayo ukushabalalisa izinga ngaphezu umile futhi ingxenye basinda amandla isiteshi Magnetosphere, ngokuthi substorm. Inqubo siqukethe ukukhulula ingxenye amandla magnetospheric. Bhá of samuntu yayo - aurora. Emkhathini amandla ngokweqile kungenzeka ngezikhawu 3 amahora ezindaweni ezibandayo kokubili ama-.
3. Isiphepho kazibuthe - kuyinqubo esiqine ensimini ukuphazamiseka ngenxa izinga eliphezulu amandla enikeziwe ngaphandle. I amandla kazibuthe ezishintshashintshayo ezansi, endaweni yenkabazwe.

ngozibuthe womhlaba ngesikhathi substorms kuyahlukahluka endaweni futhi lapho kuneziphepho izinguquko emhlabeni jikelele. Kunoma ikuphi, lezi zinguquko azenzeki ngaphezu amaphesenti ambalwa, okuyinto Amasimu zobuchwepheshe ingasaphathwa.

Medicine ukholelwa ukuthi iziphepho magnetic zingayilimaza impilo yomuntu. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elandayo leziguli abaphethwe isifo senhliziyo, ukucindezeleka nezinye izifo neuropsychiatric.

Indima Magnetosphere woMhlaba zonke izinqubo kwendawo emhlabeni. Lokhu enamathela ovikelayo ivikela iplanethi kusuka izinqubo eziningi ezingezinhle futhi inomthelela izimo zezulu. Ngaphansi kwethonya izinguquko magnetosphere zomhlaba ziyashintsha izici zezulu, izinhlobo imfucuza isilwane nezitshalo, nokuningi.