Ithusi chloride

A kwakwakhe kanambambili of chloride yethusi (monohydrochloride) ifomula kabani CuCl, kuyinto usawoti hydrochloric acid. Lokhu powder ngokuvamile omhlophe noma oluhlaza, kuyinto kakhulu kabi oncibilikayo emanzini. Ogqamile tinge monochloride zinhlayiya ngenxa yokubakhona divalent ukungcola imfuyo okuthiwa zethusi chloride ii.

Ngokokuqala ngqá ke yalungiswa wemithi omkhulu uRobert Boyle. Lokhu kwenzeka kudala, e 1666, futhi ososayensi ukusebenzisa elula zethusi metallic futhi divalent mercury chloride. Khona-ke, ngo-1799, Dzhozef Prust ngamnyama monohydrochloride zinhlayiya dichloride. Cishe le ndlela yokusabela a inqubo kancane kancane amalahle isixazululo, lapho chloride yethusi (II) lost ingxenye yayo chlorine, cishe ingxenye ukutholakala kwayo. Yegatsha dichloride monochloride kwenziwe yi egeza ezivamile.

Copper monochloride - kuyinto emhlophe crystalline ikhemikhali kuyinto ezingeni lokushisa 408 ° C eshintsha ukuma eheleni crystal. Njengoba lokhu lemagalagala Udambisa kanye amathumba nokucekelwa esincane noma abangenaso nhlobo yawo yamakhemikhali ifomula ngezinye izikhathi ebhaliwe ngokuthi Cu2Cl2. Monohydrochloride Nokho, njengoba nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali ithusi, anobuthi.

Compound chloride ithusi, ogama ifomula kulotshiwe njengoba CuCl2, kuyinto ngaphandle nibonakala amnyama zinhlayiya brown elilodwa uqhekeko okwenyanga. Lapho uxhumana ngisho nengcosana ngempela yamanzi kwakwakhe zinhlayiya ukushintsha umbala: konsundu nge yena ngokulandelana engena oluhlaza, bese okwesibhakabhaka. Ngokuthakazelisayo, uma ikhambi aqueous ezinjalo ukuze ungeze impela kancane of hydrochloric acid, zinhlayiya ukubuyela omunye uthi Lesisemkhatsini - baba ogqamile.

izidakamizwa ukuncibilika lokushisa kwaba 537 ° C, futhi ezingeni lokushisa 954 - 1032 ° C, ke amathumba. Egcekeni kuyinto oncibilikayo izinto ezifana namanzi, utshwala, i-ammonia. inhlanganiso salo 3,054 g / cm3. Ngezinye isixazululo dilution njalo nokugcina izinga lokushisa at 25 ° C izinyo lomhlathi conductivity ketshezi kuyinto 265,9 cm2 / Mol.

Etholwe ngokudalula chloride ethusi ukuze zethusi chloride, futhi beqhuba ukusabela zethusi sulfate (II) ne -sulfuric acid. Ukukhiqizwa yezimboni esekelwe Izingxube labadubuli ka sulfides zethusi sodium chloride. Kulokhu, izinga lokushisa ukuphendula Kumele kucinisekiswe 550-600 ° C, lapho, ngaphandle ketshezi embuzweni zitholiwe khona izingxenye gaseous, ezifana HCl, amagesi arsenic ne sulphur compounds. ukukhiqizwa Akwaziwa lapho ukulungiselela Kwenziwa cuprous chloride Ukuqalwa exchange ukusabela phakathi ithusi sulphate futhi BaCl2.

At lokushisa 993 ° C izidakamizwa ubola CuCl futhi Cl2, solubility yayo izixazululo aqueous, libhekene:

- lapho ziyoncibilika i isixazululo aqueous 25-degree lokushisa siphela ngokuphelele amagremu 100 amanzi, 77,4 amagremu zethusi chloride;

- lapho ukufinyelela lokushisa isixazululo ifinyelela 100 ° C kuba oncibilikayo 120 amagremu lomcebo kakade. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, kucatshangwa ukuthi kwabantu CuCl2 kwakufana.

chloride yethusi kabanzi kulethe chemical ingxenye Izingxube yi-pyrotechnical ekukhiqizeni udayi ezihlukahlukene amaminerali. Njengoba isixazululo ammonia isetshenziswa njengophawu analyzer omlilo kusiza ekubalweni okuhlushwa ezingeni-carbon dioxide. Dichloride futhi isetshenziswa njengenhlangano yenethiwekhi-mpilo angefani womshini zamakhemikhali, buchwepheshe, isibonelo, kuvamile ukukhiqizwa udayi organic.

Salt zethusi chloride, ngaso sonke kancane encibilikayo, uyakwazi ukwakha eziningi crystal hydrates. Uma lokhu isixazululo kanzulu efana unekhono ujoyine i-nitrous nitrogen, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kabanzi ukwenziwa kwemithi kanye embonini zamakhemikhali.