Mata Hari - ubani lo? Amaqiniso yangempela yokuphila we umdansi odumile

Mata Hari, izithombe, biography, empilweni yakho, umndeni, okuzokwenziwa okusesihlokweni esithi kwaba umculi odumile futhi courtesan umdanso. Njalo lo wayelodadewabo umsuka Dutch. lona wesifazane eyaduma ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Ngubani Mata Hari? Biography, izithombe

Wazalelwa e-Netherlands, Heroine kwe-athikili. которой - Маргарета Гертруда, являлась единственной дочерью Адама Зелле. Mata Hari, ogama lakhe langempela - Margaret Gertrude, ngedwa intombazane Adama Zelle. Yena kwakufanele nabafowethu abathathu. 1876-1917 гг.) получила хорошее образование. Mata Hari (iminyaka yokuphila -. Iminyaka 1876-1917) athola imfundo enhle. Lokhu kwaqala ngenxa imisebenzi yebhizinisi likayise. Adam ephethwe isitolo isigqoko futhi etshaliwe ngempumelelo embonini kawoyela. UMargaretha iminyaka Kufika 13 ubudala esikoleni kuphela, lapho ngafunda khona inzalo abameleli besigaba engenhla. Kodwa ngo-1899, ubaba wakhe waya ukuphelelwa yimali. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, u-Adamu nomkakhe abahlukanisile. Margareta ayebathumele ukuba Sneek kuya ibhapathizwa. Ngemva kwalokho, waqhubeka nokufunda ngaso Leiden. Kubekhona sigameko sasivumela edabukisayo. Leiden Margareta wathola uthisha umsebenzi enkulisa. Nokho, umqondisi wesikole waqala obala ngothando wakhe. ibhapathizwa abathukuthele wathatha intombazane esikoleni. Ngemva kwezinyangana, Margaret wabalekela The Hague kuyisekazi.

Indonesia

Mata Hari, izithombe, biography, ukuphila siqu okuyinto kamuva abe isihloko ucwaningo mlando eziningi, kwaba umuntu ekhangayo. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-18, yena washada okokuqala. Lokhu kwenzeke e-Amsterdam ngo-1895, Consort ukaputeni oneminyaka engu-39 ubudala Rudolph MacLeod. Margareta wamhlangabeza isikhangiso. Lo mbhangqwana wathuthela ku obakhathalelayo. Java. umshado Early isinyathelo sokuqala yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba ukuthi wenza Mata Hari. Umkhaya, unkosikazi kaRudolf nenisindwayo. Ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana Sadumala emshadweni. Rudolph waba buthaka kakhulu utshwala, nokusebenzisa kahle kwabo ngempilo unkosikazi wakhe. Usole Margareta zonke izinkathazo zabo, okuhlanganisa neqiniso lokuthi akakwazanga ukuthola ukukhuthazwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uRudolf asithandayo abesifazane intombi eseceleni obala igcinwe. Margareta, wamdumaza kanjani umyeni wakhe, waya kwelinye izwe isikhulu - van Redersu. Kwaphela izinyanga yena ngenkuthalo ukuhlola emasikweni Indonesia, kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi walo eqenjini umdanso. Ngo-1897, Margareta lokuqala asetshenziswa i-alias yakhe Mata Hari. Le nhlanganisela kusho "ilanga." Ngemva coaxing Rudolf uMargaretha ebuyela kuye futhi. Nokho, ukuziphatha komyeni wakhe ishintshile. Ukukhohlwa, waqhubeka nokufunda amasiko endawo.

Usizi lokuqala

Ngo 1898, indodana Margaret wafa eneminyaka engu-2. Kukholakala ukuthi wabulawa ngenxa yezinkinga ugcunsula ngocansi kuye kubazali bakhe. Sami unkosikazi umangalele ukuthi indodana yakhe wadliswa ushevu uyinceku. Kwezinye imithombo kunezinkomba zokuthi Rudolf edelelwa inceku umyeni. Lokho ekuphenduleni ngaphambilini umkakhe ushevu nendodana yakhe nendodakazi Margaret kanye uRudolf. Maid ukuxubanisa ubuthi ukudla. Kwakulula ngokwanele, ngoba uyakwazi ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile endlini, wabe esengeniswa ekhishini. Umfana nabo baphathwa kabi kakhulu ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe. Nokho, indodakazi wakwazi ukusinda. Abanye baze bathi Kwakusimangaza yangempela, kanti abanye bakhomba ingane amasosha omzimba enamandla. Noma kunjalo, kuze kube manje ke kuseyimpicabadala ukuthi iyithole kanjani ukuze usinde uma lokhu kudla kufakwe ushevu kokubili izingane. Ngo-1903, uRudolf no-Margaret abahlukanisile. Kulokhu, nowayengunkosikazi umyeni kubambile ilungelo ukukhulisa indodakazi, owashona eneminyaka engu-21. Kucatshangwa ukuthi isizathu kwaba futhi inkinga ka ugcunsula.

Paris

Ngo-1905 wonke waseFrance wathola ukuthi le Mata Hari. этой женщины привлекали огромное количество поклонников. Biography, izithombe owesifazane bakhangwa ngokulandelayo omkhulu. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi yokuthi ngemva kwesehlukaniso, Margaret ubekade abajabulanga neze. Ukuze sisinde, yena waya eParis. Okokuqala, edolobheni wahlangana abanamusa yayo. Kusho akazange, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba kukhawulwe ngokwami zonke. Ekuqaleni, Margaret isinqumo ukuze uthole imodeli lomdwebi. Nokho, ngokushesha kwaphoqa enkaba kuphumelele kakhulu. Margareta lwaluba yizinhlobo omangalisayo, ngakho abaculi French kungukuthi ngempela wakhe akhononde. Kwadingeka uthole kwezamahlaya Mollier. Lapho, wasebenza nge amahhashi njengoba umgibeli ukuthi ibizwa ngokuthi Gresh Lady MacLeod. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Margaret wayeqaphela kahle ukuthi isimo kuyinto ekugembuleni akusebenzi.

umsebenzi Early

Ngo-1905, phezu yesikhulumi umdanso Paris uqala ukuvela Mata Hari. говоря, мало кого интересовала сначала - все смотрели на тело. Biography, ngamafuphi, bambalwa kakhulu abantu banesithakazelo ngowokuqala - konke sabuka umzimba. Margareta ekhuphuka kanye inombolo. Wakhumbula indlela ngesikhathi umshado zase-East Indies wayebone esiswini ukudansa futhi kwaba injabulo kubo nomphakathi. Igumbi lakhe lokuqala watshengisa ku gumbi ka Nkosikazi Kireevsk. Bonke ababekhona bajabula ngokukhululwa exotic umdansi ukunyakaza. Abesilisa nazo izinombolo esimnandi kakhulu ophela, lapho yena uyembulile ngokuphelele. Kuthiwa Margaret kwakungelona umdansi okhokhelwayo. Wavele kudingeka imali.

inkazimulo

Kusukela ngo-1905, uMargaret eyaduma umdansi "isitayela asempumalanga", esebenza ngaphansi kwegama Mata Hari. Kwakuyisikhathi owesifazane esiyingqayizivele. Ezinye nemidanso wakhe babengabalandeli ezifanayo ukubulawa kuya striptease yesimanje. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesevile eminyakeni engu akajwayelene kuzithameli Western. Ekupheleni izinombolo bakhe babehlezi cishe nqunu umdansi. "Ngakho like Shiva", - uthe Mata Hari. Kwakuyisikhathi umdanso engcwele ngempela. Wenza esiteji phambi inombolo encane Ongoti. Playground ngesikhathi esifanayo laligcwele rose amacembe. Intshisekelo ezinganekwaneni ukuthi atshele Mata Hari. Kwakuyisikhathi intombazane romantic ngokucabanga nje ecebile. Ngokwesibonelo, wathi dance engcwele Oriental amaziyo kusukela ebuntwaneni. Dancer athi kuyinto inkosazana exotic noma indodakazi yenkosi Indian kanye iKing Edward Seventh, ukuthi unakho ihhashi lalo, okuvumela ukuba ahambe yedwa kuphela wakhe ukuthi imfundo yakhe ethola emzini wezindela eMpumalanga. Kwakukhona okuningi mystification romantic ukuthi umboza abalandeli babo Mata Hari. It ekugcineni nomthelela ekuphumeleleni walo omkhulu ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngaleso sikhathi, ikakhulukazi kwaqina isithakazelo eMpumalanga kanye zangasese.

courtesan

Akukhona nje e-Paris kodwa kweminye imizi yaseYurophu Baqala ukwenza Mata Hari. говоря, в основном была связана с богатыми поклонниками. Biography, ngamafuphi, wawutholakala ikakhulu ixhunyaniswe daddy ushukela. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye wabo wayenothile isiFulentshi. Wamema yakhe ukudansa kule Museum of Art Oriental. которой пленило добрую часть мужского населения Европы, была очень успешной куртизанкой. Mata Hari, okuyinto bethatheka isithombe esihle sabantu abesilisa iYurophu courtesan yimpumelelo kakhulu. It laliphathelene nokushumayela eziningana lempi esiphakeme, abezombusazwe, abasebenzelana nabanye izibalo abanethonya ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene, kuhlanganise kweJalimane neFrance. Waphelelwa izipho ezibizayo, kodwa kaningi izinkinga zezimali futhi wathatha ezikweletini. Ngokusho UMargaret abanothando imidlalo ikhadi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi basishiya imali. Ngaphambi Okokuqala Umhlaba Margareta wahlangana iphoyisa German. Abanye abalobi ukuthi kwakuyincasakazi ke ngaphansi kokuqondisa lwezokuphepha kanye ithole Mata Hari. – так впоследствии ее будут называть. "Alias" - ngakho-ke kuyothiwa.

ejenti double

Phakathi Okokuqala Umhlaba Netherlands iyizwe hlangothi. Margareta, lokuba yizikhonzi kuya Dutch, ngokukhululekile ukuhamba ezweni lenkaba yawo. Phakathi kwamazwe front line. Margaret Sawubona walala yonkana Spain, okuyinto eye yaba yokuhlala asebenzayo kakhulu isiJalimane, kanye UK. uhambo wakhe njalo baye yabakhanga counterintelligence. Ehlobo lika-1914 uMargaretha wathunyelwa Paris nge Switzerland. Ubethula amisa itekisi emngceleni ukuqinisekisa imibhalo. Margaret wabo wayengekho lapho, ngakho waphoqeleka ukuba uthumele yonke sebegqoke izingubo zabo, futhi yena wadabula Berlin eHolland. Lapho ngifika ekhaya, lo umdansi kwaba ephukile engqondweni. Wayengasebenzi bazitholele okokuziphilisa. Margareta ngephutha ihlangabezana esebenza ebhange okuphephile kakhulu. Uba lover wakhe futhi iqukethe ngokushesha wakhe ngokwanele. Ngalo Margareta wahlangana amaJalimane enethonya bayaphana nenomusa. Dancer eParis futhi akazange uthole, futhi ngemva konyaka sezempi isevisi intelligence Germany. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi Margaret waqala ukuphila njengoba ngiyinhloli Mata Hari. девушки наполнена множеством слухов. Biography amantombazane egcwele namahlebezi amaningi. Akubona bonke izingxabano kungenzeka ukwembula tangles labacwaningi.

Mata Hari: Biography (ngamafuphi ebaluleke kakhulu)

Ngo abaqashwayo Margareta wathola ucingo H-21. Abanye abalobi ukholwa ukuthi ubeyisibenzi hlola ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi. Izimo ngqo futhi izizathu ukunxenxa akwaziwa. Ngo-1916, i-counterintelligence French wathola ulwazi lokuqala mayelana nokuhileleka okwenzeka emsebenzini yama-Jalimane. Mata Hari, kokuba Ufunde ngayo, wafinyelela amasevisi imfihlo. Wasikisela ukuthi usizo French. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Margareta waqamba lover wakhe, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-ejenti-recruiter. Ngenxa yalokho, i-French bakuthumela mission encane eMadrid. Kukhona izinsolo lobunhloli kubo kwaqinisekiswa ngokuqondile. Counterintelligence ephethwe nokunciphisa radio yezokuxhumana phakathi ejenti kanye maphakathi German. Inothi we waveza ukuthi hlola isitha H-21 kufika e Madrid futhi ngabelwa yokuhlala German Paris. Kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi umsakazo waba declassified ngaseceleni German ngenhloso, balahle Margaret.

ukubopha

Ngemva kokubuyela e-Paris, Mata Hari waboshwa. Kwaba Februwari 13, 1917-th. Icala Margareta owawuse ekusithekeni. Wakhe kwakuxhunyaniswa ukudluliswa kolwazi yesitha, nokuholele ekushoneni yezigaba eziningana. Kumele ukuthi izinto kwecala kuze kube manje ihlukaniswa. Inkantolo ithole ukuthi Mata Hari, walahlwa yicala futhi isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Ummeli wakhe wazama ukukhulula wakhe bangaphambi kokubulawa kwakhe. Wancenga, kodwa isikhalazo sinqatshelwe. Ummeli bafaka sicelosikhalo ngisho nomengameli imbala, kodwa wenqaba le baxolelwe. Umdlali wasemuva waze ukusho ukuthi ukhulelwe, uyephuza ekukhishweni lomusho. Kodwa Mata Hari wenqaba ukuba aqambe amanga.

ukubulawa

Okthoba 15, 1917 Ekuseni Margaret weza umnakekeli. Wacelwa ukuba ugqoke futhi ukulungele ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo. Nokho, mina siboshwa wathukuthela ukuthi wakhe ukuba badutshulwe, hhayi ukusuthisa ibhulakufesi. Nakuba Margaret yayilungiselela, lomngcwabo yayisikhokhiwe ilethwa. Shot lakhe ngesikhathi Vincennes at landfill. Njengoba izimbangela, kuba ngaphandle nesithunzi imizwelo futhi buthule kakhulu wema esigxotsheni. Margaret waphendukela indela futhi yamanga wakhe. Khona-ke Mata Hari wakhumula ingubo yakhe, walinika lona wesifazane. Margaret wenqaba kuboshelwe nesigxobo. Naye wavuma ukuthi wambozwa amehlo. Phambi kwakhe kwakumi amasosha 12. Ukuthumela kubo kiss, wamemeza ukuthi wayesekulungele. abantu 11 esingu. Kugcine, leli sosha yeshumi nambili waquleka. Kunobufakazi bokuthi esinye sezikhonzi waya umzimba kanye futhi wadutshulwa ekhanda. Ngemva ukubulawa kwabo umzimba wayiswa sokuhlaziya.

Indlela Abasabela Ngayo ukufa

Izindaba ukuthi umdansi odumile, udutshulwe ukuhlola, ngesikhathi esifushane usezuze amahemuhemu. Omunye wabo isivele esishiwo ngenhla. Ngokuqondene amahemuhemu emoyeni kiss. Abanye abalobi bakholelwa ukuthi yalotshelwa ummeli noMargaret, kwaba lover wakhe. Kukhona amahlebezi okuthi Mata Hari emzamweni ukuphazamisa amhlubulisa izingubo zabo washiya nqunu. Nokho, ngo-1934 i- "New Yorker" yashicilela isihloko okuchitha kuso. Ngokusho amanothi, lapho kukhishwa dancer egqoke isudi ngokukhethekile ehambisana lesi senzakalo. Omunye umthombo atjengisa bona bekulula ihembe, isigqoko, isigqoko cocked, ekhethelwe ohlangothini kushushiswa enkantolo. Lokhu isudi, kubikwa ukuthi wayewukuphela yangasese okumsulwa futhi ephelele ejele.

Isiphetho izinsalela

Isidumbu sakhe ayikafunwa yizihlobo zakhe. Kule ndaba, wathunyelwa kuya egumbini sokuhlaziya. ikhanda kaMargaret wagqunyiswa. Yena yayigcinwe endaweni Paris Museum of Anatomy. Kodwa ngo-2000 kwatholakala ukuthi inhloko wayesehambile. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi kungenzeka ukunyamalala okwafika njengezwi ekuseni njengoba 1954, lapho Museum wathatha abahambayo. Imithombo 1918 futhi abonisa ukuthi idiphozi okunye zadluliselwa izinsalela Margaret. Nokho, imibiko mayelana ukuphi zabo ngqo azitholakali.

ukuhlolwa womsebenzi

Iningi labalobi cabanga ukuthi ukuphumelela kwezindlela uMargaretha like isithunywa kakhulu ihaba. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa akunakwenzeka ukuba ulwazi ukuthi wayengamtholela, babe value sina ngempela-French noma amaJalimane. Ngokusho O. Pinto uLieutenant Colonel of intelligence Dutch waseBrithani, Mata Hari, yebo, yena athola udumo. Wayengumngane samuntu a agent female enhle. Njengoba sihambisana nale, Margareta uyindalo Lubanzi futhi engakhaliphile. Pinto ikholwa ukuthi uma indlela ukubulawa akazange athathe indawo, umhlaba ubuyoba ngokushesha ukhohlwe ukuthi wake kwaba Mata Hari. Biography (ibhayisikobho ekhuluma ngeqhawe elithile hlola yaqale wathwebula 1931) Yiqiniso, wawugcwele lenqwaba izenzakalo. Akuyona indawo yokugcina bekaba nemhlangano ne abameleli elite kwezombusazwe nakwezempi French. Chernyak mlando ukholelwa ukuthi ingozi ukudalulwa lobudlelwane zingathinta ukuqiniseka.

Ingabe ikhona bazuze imisebenzi ejenti H-21?

Izazi-mlando ungavumelani ngalolu daba. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-Margaret akazange nentshisekelo ukuhlola impumelelo. Wavele wadala usesimweni imisebenzi ukukhalipha, ukwamukela amaJalimane imali eningi. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, esho Margareta, ekhumbula isikhathi izingubo zakhe, ebambekile emngceleni ngo-1914, futhi ngaqala ukuzama ukubazi eJalimane salokhu isinxephezelo. Nabanye abalobi, kunalokho, bayaqiniseka ukuthi Mata Hari lidlule ngokuphindaphindiwe ulwazi imfihlo amaJalimane ngokusebenza kuyo kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni 1916 - nokunciphisa imilayezo umsakazo. Ngokuqondene French, wezwa ubugebengu wakhe, kusafanele angisheshanga ukuyeka ukuba zijezise Margareta. Counterintelligence wamnika ukusebenza ngabo. Margaret bavumelana, kodwa yafuna 1 million franc. Mata Hari wachaza ngokuhehwa nangokuhungwa yisifiso sakhe ukuba ashade owesilisa amthandayo ke. Chosen sikhathi kwaba Vadim Maslov - Ukaputeni Russian. Yena ngokwakhe akazange ukwakha izinhlelo ezinkulu, nowesifazane ngubani amaphupho ukuze Unamadoda amaningi e-Paris. Ngemva kwesikhashana Maslow uthi Margaret wakhe nakanjani umuzwa iyadlula. Emzamweni ukuze uthole okwengeziwe, Mata Hari kwaba spy esivuna kweJalimane neFrance, ngesikhathi esifanayo odlulayo Imininingwane kubo mayelana nomunye.

isiphetho

Umlando Margareta bangena ejenti double futhi H-21, futhi umsebenzi wokudansa Mata Hari. снимался не только в 1931 г.) покрыта до сих пор тайнами и легендами. Biography (movie wathwebula hhayi kuphela ngo-1931) embozwe kuze kube manje izimfihlakalo nama-legends. Wakwazi hit lenqwaba abalandeli. Kulokhu, kunobufakazi bokuthi kokuphenywa Mata Hari ophika noma yibuphi ububi obenzile, ethi yayingakaze ngumkhapheli. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukungabi nasimilo wadlala indima ethile ebhayisikobho kokuboshwa ukubulawa okwalandela. izithandwa zakhe, abashisekeli, abaxhasi abangu abantu abanethonya futhi wakuthola kakhulu. Nokho, kepha bahluleka, futhi cishe ngeke ngisho zama ukumsiza. Lokhu kuyaqondakala. Akekho owayefuna ukulahlekelwa isikhundla sabo emphakathini ngoba abadansi. Futhi-ke, kwakukhona nabanye ababe kanye idumela kancane wayephila. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, inani abalobi ukholelwa ukuthi lo mfanekiso ngokuthi umfel 'ukholo wamvumela ukuba udumo ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye kusuka izinhloli isikhathi. Ngodumo, ngisho singcono kakhulu ezinye ejenti ephumelela kakhudlwana. Mata Hari waphila ukuphila esifushane kodwa ocebile kakhulu. Uma sicabangela ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa akuthola wokudansa, impumelelo Kwakungakholakali. Ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu, yebo, waba negalelo elikhulu nokutadisha okunzulu yokuphila Eastern muntu phakathi nokuvakasha kwazo e-Indonesia. Hhayi indima yokugcina ngokungangabazeki wadlala futhi umcabango wakhe, uthando Romanticism. abalobi abaningi baphetha ngokuthi, musa ukubabela isimo Mata Hari, mhlawumbe yena ngabe waphila isikhathi eside. Mhlawumbe wayezoba yakwazi ukushada futhi uba umama futhi. Kodwa, ngeshwa, ukhanda decreed ngenye indlela. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukunqoba izinhliziyo eziningi zashiya izibazi kumlando.