"Novik" - waba umbhubhisi ngoxhaxha Russian

Ukuqala XX leminyaka kwaphawulwa ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha of the Empire, Russian kuzo zonke izinhlobo umkhakha ukuzivikela. Eningawugcinanga ijubane nge mkhuba jikelele kanye shipbuilding.

Waba "Novik" Omunye imikhumbi eziphawuleka kakhulu Navy Russian. Nomchithi kwadingeka seaworthiness ezivelele kanye maneuverability, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa isitsha ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi.

izimfanelo

I ilwa neJapane yembula ngobuthakathaka sengozini yemikhumbi yaseRussia. Njengoba imali endaweni yengcebo ukuba nesimanje yempi wayengekho, lasolwandle yamemezela ukuqoqwa imali ukuze kwakhiwe iminikelo yokuzithandela imikhumbi entsha. Lezi zimali ihlela ukwakhela imikhumbi eziningana amakilasi ezahlukene. Phakathi kwabo - kubabulali, dreadnoughts futhi kubabulali.

amaphrojekthi

Onjiniyela nezinselele ezintsha lobuchwepheshe ukuze kwakhiwe umkhumbi zinikelwe. Abacekeli uhlobo "Novik" kwakumelwe bahlangabezane nezidingo Ezikhathini zanamuhla: banayo ukuze isheshe, kahle behlomile jikelele. izici Technical sibonelo kufanele kube ngale ndlela:

• isivinini - ukufinyelela amayunithi 36;
• izinga umthwalo omningi - mayelana 33 ifindo;
• amandla iyunithi amandla izitshalo - turbines Parsons.

Imisebentiluhlolo babelibekela inselele kuya onjiniyela yesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, umuntu onentshisekelo baye yamemezela namanye amazwe umklamo yohlobo umkhumbi "Novik". isizukulwane esisha bemikhumbi yasekhaya abanesifiso ngumbhubhisi.

IKhomishana babehambise imidwebo Creighton ngisemsebenzini futhi saseNevsky, Putilov namafektri Admiralty. Ngemva komhlangano wokugcina yephrojekthi neyaziwayo winner we Putilov isitshalo, lakhiwa esikhathini esizayo lapho, "Novik". Nomchithi yasungulwa ngu iqembu onjiniyela eholwa DD Dubitsky, ezaziphethe ingxenye mechanical emkhunjini, BO Vasilevsky ophethe shipbuilding.

ukwakhiwa

Futhi ngo-1907, inkantolo ye "Novik" base bamukelwe kakade kufakwe design. Kunohlobo olusha ngumbhubhisi sabekwa ngesikhathi Putilov ngisemsebenzini ngo-1910. Emsebenzini iqhaza German inkampani "Intaba-mlilo", okuyinto izinikele ukuklama, ukukhiqiza futhi ufake isitsha ukufakwa kubhayela-ophephela compact futhi kuqhathaniswa elinamandla umchithi "Novik".

isitsha imidwebo yalungisa leminye njengoba kwaqedwa umkhumbi. Iqela yokwakhiwa abachithi Ubuke ithimba NV Wehlathi, owakhonza njengelungu sombutho wezempi e-Corps of Naval Architects, uCaptain Corps onjiniyela kanye Mechanics imikhumbi Kravchenko GK unjiniyela uMphathi lo msebenzi waba KA Tennyson.

Ukubukeka umkhumbi

Ngo-October 1913 okokuqala washiya echwebeni nokuziqhenya ungowokuzalwa Navy Russian - umchithi "Novik". Photo lomhlangano Petersburg, ehamba phezu iNeva yashayisa unqenqema futhi wahlangana umkhumbi uyathandeka, ngenhlanhla, ngasinda. Amaphephandaba ngesikhathi waveza ukuthi izakhamuzi abaningi sebekholelwa zibabaza ngumbhubhisi entsha. Phela, lo mkhumbi lakhiwa ngokuvumelana nesimiso we ubuchwepheshe obusha. Lo mkhumbi ifakwe inqwaba torpedo amashubhu, okusheshayo-102-milimitha wezikhali emphemeni ngedivayisi ukufakwa minefields baba archpriest ka torpedo Russian kanye wezikhali wempi injongo jikelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Novik", umchithi kwaba ifakwe ku-ibhodi sezimiso Salvo umlilo - volley ngesikhathi esisodwa eziyisishiyagalombili izibhamu okwenza kube imoto kuphela ikilasi yayo.

Enye imfanelo esiphawulekayo sasiwukuthi ijubane lakhe - isikhathi eside (kuze 1917) wayengumuntu umkhumbi kuphela ezingase sihlakulele futhi silondoloze ijubane ifindo phezu 37.

Eyokuqala Umhlaba

Lapho uMbuso Russian ingenele iMpi Yezwe II, "Novik" waba libhaliswe Cruisers we Baltic Fleet lamabutho. Empini yakhe yokuqala waphuma 1 Septhemba 1914. Imoto elwa ngokuvamile kwenziwa ukulwa ezimele, ukuthembela emandleni ayo futhi rapidity. Ehlobo lango-1915 e Gulf of Riga kwabheduka abachithi ezimbili isiJalimane, ukuthi obani abayalwa ukuba bathole bese liyazika umkhumbi waseRussia.

"Novik" Ithimba wakwazi ukuguqula ukuhlasela bobabili, kubabulali sina umonakalo artelleriyskim umlilo. Futhi lezi nezigigaba lempi baphumelele Biography of the umkhumbi babebaningi.

eminyakeni yamuva

Phakathi Okthoba Revolution, edume "Novik" waba mothballed. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye kulwiwa, ngo-1925, wabhekana a yokulungiswa kwesakhiwo kanye sesimanje. Lo mkhumbi iqanjwe kabusha. Manje ngumbhubhisi edume owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi akekho noyedwa kulaba baholi inguquko - ". Yakov Sverdlov"

Ekupheleni iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu, umkhumbi wathunyelwa aseBaltic Fleet futhi yayisetshenziselwa nezinjongo zokuqeqesha. Ngo-June 1941, lapho ubutha Kwagqashuka yonkana phambi empumalanga, kwanqunywa ukuba kuphunywe imikhumbi asolwandle. Iqembu iye ethungatha futhi "Novik". Nomchithi, okuyinto isikhathi eside kangaka ivikelwe omunye imikhumbi minefields, wamshaya emayini. Ngakho yaphela indlela legends.