Alcohols Ukulungiselela: Izindlela kanye Ukusingathwa kwendle, ukungcola

Alcohols asetshenziswa ezimbonini eziningi kangaka futhi imisebenzi. Wabo ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene polymers zokwenziwa, plasticizers, rubbers, izihlanzi kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi imikhiqizo. Ukulungiselela alcohols Kwenziwa usebenzisa izindlela kwamakhemikhali futhi amakhemikhali. Abaningi babo imikhiqizo mass Petrochemical zamagama. Chemical synthesis hydrocarbon kuyinto ukukhiqizwa indlela ayibizi kakhulu. Libuye eyodwa yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu kukhiqizwe alcohols nge olefins hydration. etholwe Ngakho isopropyl, mushanga futhi tert-butyl futhi ETHYL alcohols. Ulungiselela methyl utshwala (methanol) isekelwe ziphuzo zazihluzwa ezomile kwezinkuni.

izinqubo Basic okuyinto ukukhiqiza alcohols:

• Ane-alikhali hydrolysis Halogen nemikhiqizo: ukukhiqizwa glycerol, Gcoba i-Benzyl utshwala kanye nabanye.
• Hydration epoxides futhi alkenes: ethylene glycol, Ethanol nokunye okunjalo.
• Hydroformylation: hexanol, methanol, njll
• izindlela namachibi: ukukhiqizwa kwe okunamafutha alcohols.
• Yokutakula Izindlela: ephakeme okunamafutha alcohols, xylitol nabanye.
• izindlela kwamakhemikhali: ukukhiqizwa kwe glycerol futhi ethanol.

Omunye umkhiqizo kakhulu mass-kukhiqizwa kuyinto ETHYL utshwala (ethanol). On osekelwe kuyo, yasungulwa indlela ngokukhiqiza zokwenziwa kuyo izihlahla zenjoloba. Ethanol is etholakala imikhiqizo izinkuni hydrolysis, ethylene sulfite kotshwala indlela enzymatic ukudla izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ulungiselela alcohols (ethanol futhi methanol) kusuka ukudla impahla eluhlaza lezigodo kuyabiza futhi isikhathi inqubo oqothulayo. ETHYL utshwala lungaphezu ngcono futhi kube lula ukukhiqiza kusukela engabizi hydrocarbon feedstock, isib, nge ethylene umswakama owanele. Ukuze uthole ithani elilodwa Ethanol by indlela enzymatic, kubalulekile ukucubungula kwamathani amane amabele, noma amathani eziyisishiyagalombili sawdust. Ukuze uqhathanise, ithani elilodwa Ethanol eyatholakala kusukela amathani 2.5 ka-petroleum distillates noma ethylene igesi. Zabasebenzi kumuntu-amahora enkulu ekwakhekeni Ethanol ngezinto ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa: okusanhlamvu - 160, kusukela amazambane - 280, ka-ethylene - 10. Ukulungiselela alcohols Petrochemical feedstock lingaphansi ebizayo isikhathi.

Futhi kubaluleke kakhulu amakhemikhali mkhiqizo methanol. ukukhiqizwa Modern ka methanol Kwenziwa zamagama organic esekelwe-carbon monoxide (II) noma igesi zamagama e ngezinga ezimbonini. izikimu kwetheknoloji, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene. Abakwazi ihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu alandelayo.

- Synthesis zinc-chromium yelikhono at izingcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Le nqubo akasebenzi esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa uHlelo izindlela zamagama ahlukene ngomfutho ongaphakeme.

- Synthesis zethusi-zinc-aluminiyamu kulethe ngomfutho ongaphakeme. Ukusebenzisa izindlela synthesis ingcindezi ongaphakeme kungaba kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza amandla. Nale ndlela enza kudinga izinga eliphakeme ukuhlanzwa ukungcola impahla eluhlaza kubathinta ezithinta ekwandeni.

- a ezintathu okhombisa methanol zamagama e uhlelo owenziwa ekumisweni ketshezi inert futhi kulethe fake ihlukaniswe. Lena indlela ukwandisa umkhiqizo, kuyilapho ekunciphiseni izindleko energy. Izindlela alcohols ekulungiseleleni ayathuthuka. Ezintathu okhombisa uhlelo lokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe ezithuthukayo.