Pituitary: amahomoni umsebenzi. Indlala pituitary futhi umsebenzi wayo emzimbeni

Pituitary (pituitary indlala noma ubuchopho neseleko ephansi) - iyingxenye endocrine, esemgwaqweni ngasesinqeni se ubuchopho. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, phezu nephansi lalo, ephaketheni e ithambo, okuthiwa the sehhashi Turkish. Lokhu yensimbi e indoda usayizi encane kakhulu mayelana ipea kuyinto ukwakheka isiyingi enesisindo c 0.5 kuphela. Kodwa naphezu usayizi encane enjalo, indima hormone ekhiqizwa indlala pituitary nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu.

Indlala pituitary. Ama-hormone Nemithi umsebenzi

Le ndlala elincane isitho avelele lonke uhlelo lwethu endocrine. Ama-hormone ukuthi uveza, ezithinta umzimba imisebenzi elandelayo:

• nokubeletha;
• umzimba;
• ukukhula.

Umsebenzi futhi hormone pituitary ukuthi uveza, kuhlobene kakhulu. Ukuze ngaphezulu baluhlolisise lolu daba, cabanga yokuqala ukwakha le ndlala endocrine.

Indlala pituitary. Ukwakheka nemisebenzi pituitary

It inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: ngaphambili, nibulale ezingasemuva, Lesisemkhatsini, okuyinto zingafani imvelaphi yabo futhi isakhiwo. Indlala pituitary uqala ukwakha e-embryo ngemva kwamasonto angu-4-5 wokukhula kwengane esiswini. Lobe anterior of ubuso bayo EPITHELIAL kwakhiwa kusuka udonga lwangemuva ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, okubizwa ngokuthi sikhwama Rathke sika, njengoba yayifanekisela nomxhantela ezincane side. Phakathi ukuthuthukiswa embryonic, likhula bebheke diencephalon.

Posterior Lobe kwakheka kancane kungakadluli phambi diencephalon izicubu sezinzwa, lapho lezi zingxenye futhi wajoyina. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile futhi kwakhiwa namanoni aphezu Lesisemkhatsini we pituitary. Siqukethe ungqimba ezondile amaseli. Bobathathu pituitary empeleni ahlukene nezindlala secretory, futhi ngayinye kuwo amahomoni lalo. Indlala pituitary (amahomoni umsebenzi) zithatha ingxenye enkulu kulo lonke endocrine uhlelo indoda.

Prehypophysis

Lokhu ingxenyenamba ubizwa ngokuthi adenohypophysis futhi ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wendlala (70%). Siqukethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba amaseli endocrine indlala. Uhlobo ngalunye kuseli ukhiqiza bukhona kule hormone. La mangqamuzana endocrine ngokuthi adenocytes. Zimbili izinhlobo adenocytes: chromophilic futhi chromophobe, labo nezinye kufakwa ama-hormone kwemiqondo:

• Thyroid inkanuko i-hormone (TSH) - obhekene umsebenzi secretory we indlala yegilo.
• Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) - kuvusa cortex adrenal.
• Gonadotropic hormone, okuhlanganisa follicle Ugqozi hormone luteinizing (FSH, LH), obhekene umsebenzi zokuzala.
• ozokusebenzisa (GH) - ukwanda kuyasivusa noqhekeko fat, amaprotheni zamagama kumaseli kanye kumiswa glucose.
• i-hormone Luteotrophic noma prolactin, elawula ukunakekelwa okungokwemvelo inzalo, lactation, umzimba nokukhula izinqubo.

hormone pituitary - indima yabo bokuphila emzimbeni womuntu nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu.

somatotropin

ozokusebenzisa (noma HGH) ikhiqizwa akusho aphonse unaphakade kwenzeka kuphela 3-4 izikhathi ngosuku. uketshezi wayo inyuka ngokuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sokulala, ne ukuthi ukuzikhandla ngokomzimba esindayo futhi ngesikhathi ezilile. Ukuthuthukiswa kwale hormone inakekelwa kukho konke ukuphila komuntu, kodwa ancipha kakhulu ngeminyaka. Ngaphansi kwethonya ozokusebenzisa kumaseli uhlaba amafutha kanye carbohydrate. Ngenxa yalokho, ngaphansi kwethonya somatomedins akhiqizwa isibindi, kukhuphuke cell division and amaprotheni zamagama, ngaleyo ndlela bone ukukhula kwembewu kwenzeka.

Uma synthesis ozokusebenzisa, ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, ayanele, sibangelwa kukobana iba yifitjhani khulu. Kulokhu bonke olinganise zigcinwa umzimba, umzimba, ngokuvamile evamile. Ngakho, ukwehluleka indlala pituitary oluthinta ngqo ukuphakama ngabanye.

uketshezi ngokweqile ozokusebenzisa kubangela gigantism. Uma hypersecretion kwenzeka ebuntwaneni, zonke olinganise umzimba zigcinwa, futhi ekukhiqizeni yokuba umuntu omdala sithuthukiswe kudala acromegaly. Kubonakala ongalingani kwelulwa nemilenze, okwandisa ekhaleni futhi kwesilevu, kanye nolimi kanye zonke izitho zokugaya.

Thyroid eqabulayo i-hormone (TSH)

Lokhu i-hormone ulawula umsebenzi indlala yegilo. Ngosizo lwawo kukhona uketshezi of triiodothyronine kanti thyroxine. It oyenza isebenze enzyme adenylate cyclase, othinta abatholako iodine amaseli yegilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphansi isenzo TSH wenziwa amaprotheni umzimba: umkhiqizo wawanda ka nucleic acid amaprotheni zamagama, ukukhula olukhuthaziwe usayizi anda amaseli yegilo.

Synthesis TTG akwazi ukukhula ngaphansi kwethonya abandayo. Ukusabela abandayo kwandisa ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone egilo, kuholela ekwakhekeni enkulu ukushisa komzimba. Glucocorticoids singavimbela ukukhiqizwa TSH, into efanayo kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya izinzwa, ubuhlungu ukuphendula noma ukulimala.

uketshezi ngokweqile TSH kubonakala emitholampilo izimpawu ka-hyperthyroidism (i-hyperthyroidism).

i-hormone Adenokortikotropny

ACTH is kuhlelwe umqondo ngokulinganayo usuku lonke. Ubuningi eliphakeme ekuseni kusuka amahora 6.00 ukuze 8.00, ubuncane - kusihlwa kusukela 18,00 kuya 23,00. ACTH ulawula ukuhlanganiswa kwezici corticosteroids, okuyinto akhishwa amaseli cortex adrenal. I uketshezi of corticosteroids kwandisa ezifundeni ezinamandla ezingokomzwelo ezifana saba, intukuthelo, ukucindezeleka okungapheli. Ngakho, ACTH kuthinta ngqo ngokomzwelo ibhalansi womuntu. Ngokufanayo ACTH zamagama okuthuthukiswa ukusabela eziqinile, ukucindezeleka abandayo futhi ubuhlungu obukhulu emzimbeni. Kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela Kuvusa ukukhiqizwa ACTH.

uketshezi ngokweqile kwale hormone kungaba adenoma pituitary isifo okuthiwa pituitary Cushing sika. zako yilezi: umfutho wegazi ophakeme, ukukhuluphala, futhi amanoni umzimba oluhlala umzimba nobuso, kanye nemilenze bayizakhamuzi ezivamile, okwandisa lokuhlushwa ushukela egazini, kwehle ukuzivikela mzimba.

ukukhiqizwa enganele ACTH kuholela ukwehla synthesis glucocorticoids futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, lubonakaliswa umzimba futhi kwehle ukukhuthazela ukuhlukumeza umzimba amathonya kwemvelo.

gonadotrophin

Kuba yibo abaqondisa umsebenzi we gonads of kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Ngakho, follikulotropin abesifazane kuvusa kumiswa follicle e ezikhiqiza amaqanda. Ingxenye besilisa yethonya imfihlo ekukhuleni wesinye spermatogenesis (kumiswa isidoda).

Lyuteoptropin ulawula ukukhiqizwa androgens - hormone wesilisa (testosterone, androstenedione, kanjalonjalo.) Futhi estrogen - (. Estriol, estradiol, nabanye) hormone zesifazane.

Ngakho, le ndlala pituitary futhi hormone ayo zinengxenye umsebenzi cishe zonke izinhlaka.

Posterior Lobe we indlala pituitary

Posterior Lobe we neurohypophysis pituitary ibizwa ngokuthi, yakhiwa epidermal cell, elibizwa ngokuthi pituitary amaseli. Neurohypophysis, kanye pituitary anterior amahomoni. Kuthiwa ama-hormone we pituitary posterior:

• oxytocin;
• vasopressin;
• asparototsin;
• vasotocin;
• glumitotsin;
• valitotsin;
• izototsin;
• mezototsin.

Zonke lezi hormone imisebenzi yabo ethize emzimbeni womuntu. Ake sixoxe ezinye zazo eceleni.

oxytocin

Ngokwesibonelo, ama-hormone oxytocin kuthinta imisipha lesizalo bokubeletha. Phezu cell ulwelwesi kukhona receptor ekhethekile nozwelo oxytocin. Phakathi nenkathi yokukhulelwa, le hormone ayikhuphuki ezingeni ukuthi kungabangela lesizalo Kufinyeta. Ngaphambi nje kokuba azalwe ngokwabo ngaphansi kwethonya insikazi-hormone okuthiwa i-estrogen kwandisa nokuzwela oxytocin nokubeletha zenzeka. Iphinde kuholela ekuncipheni kumaseli myoepithelial ukuthi ziklele indlala mammary izinto ezizokhuthaza ukukhiqizwa ubisi.

Umthelela oxytocin emzimbeni yesilisa ayiqondakali kahle. Kukholakala ukuthi uyakwazi ukuthonya umsebenzi we emathunjini odongeni, amanyikwe kanye esinyeni.

Vasopressin (adh)

Vasopressin (esibizwa nangokuthi i-hormone antidiuretic - adh) lenza imisebenzi emibili emzimbeni. It has isinyathelo antidiuretic, isb ithuthukisa amanzi reabsorption ku Amapayipi lokuqoqa of nezinso, ngaphezu, kuthinta arteriolar ezicutshini bushelelezi (imithambo yegazi esihle esukela imithambo), isb It uyakwazi unciphise inesikhala yabo. Ubuningi bokuphila lesi senzo akakubangeli nomthelela obonakalayo umzimba futhi, ngemithamo kwemithi lapho zaphathwa adh ifomu semi okumsulwa arteriole kakhulu ayisesemikhulu, elibangela ukwanda ingcindezi.

Ngakho, ama-hormone pituitary posterior lapho bayakwazi kubangele ukuthuthukiswa enganele sikashukela insipidus (isinyathelo antidiuretic) lapho kungenzeka usuku ihluleke 15 amalitha okusamanzi (umchamo okukhipha ndawonye). Lokhu ukulahlekelwa kumele njalo agcwaliswa. Abantu abanesifo sikashukela insipidus uhlangabezana ukoma njalo.

I Lobe Lesisemkhatsini we pituitary

share sango futhi ukhiqiza inombolo yama-hormone, isibonelo, lezi zihlanganisa i-hormone melanostimuliruyuschy, okuyinto unesibopho isikhumba nezinwele umbala. Ngosizo lwawo kwakheka sombala i-melanin, edlala indima ebalulekile ungubani zobuhlanga zabanye abantu.

Meaning of hormone pituitary

Pituitary (hormone kanye nokwenza imisebenzi yayo ezichazwe ngenhla) Isebenzisana hypothalamus (uMnyango diencephalon), ngokunembile, nuclei yayo neurosecretory. Bebonke bakha uhlelo hypothalamo-pituitary. Ilawula ukusebenza kwazo zonke neuropathy endocrine nezindlala. Ukwephula pituitary umsebenzi (iziyaluyalu hormone) kuholela nemiphumela emibi ngendlela efanayo. Lezi izinkinga ezihilelekile endocrinology.

Indlala pituitary futhi umsebenzi wayo emzimbeni abaluleke kakhulu. Yizo ezinquma usebenza ngendlela efanele zonke izinhlaka futhi izinhlelo.

Izifo kanye Pathology

Lapho kuphakama izinkinga phakathi kwethu ngendlela endocrine indlala ezincane ezinjalo kuba hormone pituitary futhi umsebenzi wayo ungafani noma isebenze kahle, futhi emzimbeni womuntu ingaqala izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo:

• acromegaly;
• gigantism;
• sikashukela insipidus;
• pituitary hypothyroidism noma i-hyperthyroidism;
• hypogonadism pituitary;
• hyperprolactinemia;
• ukubhasha komzimba pituitary;
• isifo Cushing sika;
• Sheehan Syndrome.

Izifo ezihlala zingenzeka uma indlala pituitary akuyona kwemiqondo hormone noma ezimbalwa, noma, kunalokho, igazi ageleza too eziningi zazo. Umsebenzi futhi pituitary hormone ukuze umzimba ibalulekile. ukwephulwa yabo kungabangela ezihlukahlukene pathologies ezidinga kalula futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukwelashwa i-hormone.