Mikhail Zoshchenko: ukuphila, lokusungula. Izindaba izingane

Zoshchenko Mikhail Mikhailovich, umlobi odumile Russian wemidlalo, yazalwa ngo-1894, July 29 (ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, e-1895), eSt Petersburg. Uyise wayengumGreki umculi abajikelezayo, nonina - umdlali waseshashalazini. Okokuqala sizoxoxa kanjani lapho impilo umlobi, Mikhail Zoshchenko. Umlando unikezwe ngezansi sichaza izenzakalo eyinhloko ekuphileni kwakhe. Khuluma kubo, siphendukela incazelo Mikhail Mikhailovich.

Imfundo kule sokuzivocavoca nasesikhathini Petersburg Institute

Abazali ngo-1903, wanikela ngeNdodana yakhe ukufunda enmbololweni Petersburg esikoleni 8. Michael Zoshchenko, ogama biography kungenziwa ukusungulwa kuhlanganise ngesisekelo izinkumbulo zakhe siqu nemisebenzi, ngilandisa leyo minyaka, waphawula ukuthi wafunda ezimbi ngempela, ikakhulukazi isiRashiya. Yokubhala ukuhlolwa, efika eyodwa. Nokho, Mikhail uphawula ukuthi noma ngaleso sikhathi, ngangifuna ukuba umshumayeli umbhali. Nokho yena yedwa ukudala Mikhail Zoshchenko tindzaba netinkondlo.

Life ngezinye izikhathi nakuba. Waqala ubhala ngaso yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba, umbhali esizayo abadumile - the laggard kakhulu umfundi ekilasini lika isiRashiya! Underachievement ke zazizwakala ziyinqaba kuye. Zoschenko Mihail Mihaylovich uphawula ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi ngisho wafuna ukuzibulala. Nokho, isiphetho lilondolozwe.

Ngemva kokuphothula kulesi sikole ngo-1913, umlobi esizayo waqhubeka ukufunda Petersburg University, Faculty of Law. Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke yokungakhokhi yokufundiswa izimali, waxoshwa khona. Zoshchenko kwadingeka ukuba ngiye emsebenzini. Waqala umsebenzi umphathi ujantshi umgwaqo Caucasian.

sempi

ukuphila Asebenza waphazanyiswa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. UMichael wanquma ukuba acele empini. Okokuqala waba ubusosha wacela waya Pavlovsk Military School ke iziqu inyanga ezine-izifundo olunzulu, waya ngaphambili.

Zoshchenko waphawula ukuthi wayengahlosile ngamazwi ashiwo yokushisekela izwe, wavele akakwazanga ukuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa. Nokho, ngesikhathi umsebenzi, Mikhail kukora. Wayengumuntu umhlanganyeli ezimpini eziningi, yena waba ngesisi, abalimele. Waqala iqhaza izimpi olingana Ensign, Zoshchenko kakade induna yaxoshwa kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe (isizathu - imithelela igesi elinobuthi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena yanikezelwa nge 4 izindondo ngoba Merit Military.

Buyela Petrograd

Mikhail, wabuyela Petrograd, wahlangana VV-Kerbits Kerbitskoy, umkakhe esizayo. Ngemva Februwari Revolution Zoshchenko waqokwa inhloko yalawa yocingo kanye imeyili, kanye induna Main Post Office. Kwabe uhambo Arkhangelsk, umsebenzi wempi lamabutho, kanye ukhetho Mikhail Mikhailovich onobhala enkantolo regimental.

Isevisi ku iRed Army

Nokho, ukuphila okunokuthula iphazamisekile futhi - kulokhu inguquko nempi yombango eyalandela. Mikhail Mikhailovich bathunyelwa epini. Njengesisebenzi sokuzithandela, wangena iRed Army (ngoJanuwari 1919). It ukhonza njengelungu wempi regimental we ibutho we kulaba ezindaweni ezisemakhaya. Zoshchenko ehilelekile izimpi Narva ngokumelene Yamburg futhi Bulak-Balakhovich. Ngemva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, Mikhail Mikhailovich kwadingeka ukuba demobilize bese ubuyela Petrograd.

Zoshchenko esikhathini kusukela ngo-1918 kuya ku-1921 salandelwa ngobuningi imisebenzi. Ngemva kwalokho, wabhala ukuthi wazama isandla sakhe mayelana 10-12 abathengisa. Wayesebenza iphoyisa, futhi umbazi, futhi wezicathulo, kanye ejenti Oluphenya Amacala Obugebengu uMnyango.

Ukuphila eminyakeni obunokuthula

Umlobi ngoJanuwari 1920, uyasinda lapho kufa umama. Ngawo lowo nyaka umshado wakhe ukufaka Kerbits-Kerbitskoy. Kanye ke, enaka mgwaqo. B. Zelenin. Umndeni Zoschenko indodana Valery wazalwa ngo-May 1922. Mikhail Mikhailovich ngo-1930 abasisiwe kanye ithimba abalobi ukuba aseBaltic Shipyard.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II

Mikhail Zoshchenko ekuqaleni empini wabhala isitatimende futhi phakathi nayo wacela ukubhalisa kuye ku iRed Army. Nokho, kwenqatshiwe - kuyaqapheleka zithi ayifaneleki ukwenza ikonzo yamajoni. Zoshchenko kudingeke zenze umsebenzi imisebenzi anti-undlovukayiphikiswa akuzona enkundleni yempi. Lwenza i-athikili elwisana impi satirical futhi ukuwashicilela ephephandabeni, ukuthumela i-Radio. Ngo-1941, ngo-Okthoba, lapho zayiswa Alma-Ata, futhi kamuva ngenyanga waba isisebenzi "Mosfilm", Izisebenzi zomnyango studio simo.

ushushiso

Zoshchenko ngo-1943 wabizelwa eMoscow. Wafike lapho wanikeza ukuthatha isikhundla ngokuthi "Ingwenya" umhleli. Nokho, Mikhail enqaba sipho. Noma kunjalo, yena uyilungu ebhodini isihloko "Ingwenya". Ngaphandle, abaprofethi bamanga konke kubukeka kahle. Kodwa ngemva kwesikhathi esithile phezu kwekhanda Mikhail aqale ngokuya ukuze ukushwaqa amafu: it esuswa ibhodi isihloko, kokuba axoshwe amahhotela, zibancishe ukudla. Ukuqhubeka ukushushiswa. Tikhonov N. S. phezu SSP plenum ngisho eyohlasela Zoshchenko indaba "Ngaphambi Sunrise." Umlobi cishe ukuphrinta, kodwa namanje yethulwa ngo-1946 ibhodi isihloko 'zinkanyezi.'

Agasti 14, 1946 - i-Apotheosis yazo zonke esonta yayo kanye ematfuba. It ke ishiya isinqumo leKomiti we CPSU (b) womagazini "Leningrad" futhi "Inkanyezi" Central. Ngemva kwalokho Zoshchenko axoshwe Writers 'Union, kanye zibancishe amakhadi ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi laba yimbangela yokuwa ukuhlaselwa kwakuhluke kakhulu abangelutho - Indaba yezingane Zoshchenko ngokuthi "The Adventures of nenkawu." Zonke omagazini, ukushicilela izindlu yaseshashalazini ngemva kokuba isinqumo usula inkontileka waphetha ngokukhumbuza kubo ngaphambili, befuna ukubuyela intuthuko ikhokhwe. Umkhaya Zoschenko izinhlekelele. Yena baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale phezu yokudayisa izimpahla imali. Umlobi uzama ukwenza bezicathulo lezigelekeqe. Isabelo ikhadi wagcina wabuya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMichael Zoshchenko ishicilela izindaba kanye satires (ngokuqinisekile ngeke zonke). Nokho, ukuze wenze ukuphila ngalesi sikhathi kuyadingeka emsebenzini wokuhumusha main.

Mikhail Zoshchenko ekwazile alulame kuphela Writers 'Union ngemva nje kokufa kukaStalin. Umcimbi abalulekile kwenzeka Juni 23, 1953 - umbhali kabusha ungeniswe Union. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukuphela. Mikhail Mikhailovich kuphumelele kafushane kulesi sikhathi ukuhlala ilungu.

Meyi 5, 1954 laliyisenzakalo kwesibhamu. Anna Akhmatova, futhi wacelwa ukuba lolu suku eNdlini umbhali, okuyinto kwakufanele sibe nomhlangano neqembu labafundi ngesiNgisi. Umlobi kuso kushiwo esidlangalaleni ukungavumelani zabo esasimangalelwe ayibekela kuye. A esigabeni esisha ukuhlukunyezwa kuza ngemva kwalokhu. Yize sekwenze konke loko ziye zathinta kwempilo yakhe ebuthaka. Kushicilelwe Septhemba 7, 1953 esithi "Amaqiniso adalule iqiniso" kwaba isizathu sokugcina. igama komlobi Pho ayisekho okukhulunywa. Cishe kwezinyanga ezimbili wahlala la mavangeli. Nokho, Mikhail Mikhailovich ngoNovemba sipho nokubambisana omagazini ababili - "Leningrad lwencwadi" futhi "Ingwenya". A lonke iqembu abalobi antante ezivikela: Chukovsky, Kaverin, Sun. Ivanov, Tikhonov. Ngo-1957, ngo-December, wamkhulula "izindaba akhethiwe kanye amanoveli 1923-1956 GG.". Nokho, isimo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo umbhali siya siba sibi kakhulu. Ukwehla elibukhali amandla akhe uya entwasahlobo 1958 Zoshchenko ilahlekelwa engasenandaba nokuphila.

ukufa Zoschenko

Julayi 22, 1958 wafa Mikhail Zoshchenko. Ngisho nangemva kokufa komzimba wakhe yabekwa ihlazo: kwakungasebenzeki bathola imvume umngcwabe eLeningrad. Umlotha umbhali itholakala Sestroretsk.

Mikhail Zoshchenko indaba okuphila yayizimisele ingxenye yokuqala kwalesi sihloko, wamshiya ifa elikhulu zokudala. Indlela yakhe njengendlela umlobi Kwakungelula. Sinikeza ngijwayele indlela savela nomgomo zokudala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyofunda ukuthi yini eyenza Michael Zoshchenko izindaba izingane futhi yiziphi izici zabo.

ngendlela yokudala

Zoshchenko ngenkuthalo waqala ngokubhala ngemuva kokubanjwa demobilized ngo-1919. ucwaningo akhe okuqala athi izihloko etemibhalo bucayi. I "Petersburg lwencwadi" Indaba yakhe yokuqala ibonakala ngo-1921.

Serapion abazalwane

Iqembu okuthiwa "Serapion Abafowethu" Zoshchenko kwaholela ngo-1921 i-isifiso sokuba yisithunywa umlobi professional. Nokho, leli qembu sengqondo sokuqaphela ukugxekwa, waveza ukuthi phakathi kwabo Zoshchenko - "enamandla kunazo" sibalo. Mikhail Slonimsky wakhonza ne ingxenyenamba emaphakathi, okuyinto banamathela izinkolelo ukuthi Kufanele nifunde isiko Russian - Lermontov, Gogol, Pushkin. Zoshchenko esatshwe ezincwadini 'sokubuyiselwa ezihloniphekayo, "kusho u-Alexander Blok" Knight kobuso lusizi "futhi ibekwe amathemba akhe izincwadi kokuba bokubanga nobuqhawe. Ngo "Alcon" ngoMeyi 1922, Yavela-ke eyokuqala lwencwadi Serapions, esanyatheliswa indzaba Mikhail Mikhailovich. A "Izindaba Nazar Ilyich, uMnu Bluebelly" - incwadi eyaba ukushicilelwa wakhe wokuqala ezimele.

Izimpawu lokusungula ekuseni

School A. P. Chehova kwaba palpable emisebenzini ekuseni ka Zoshchenko. Lokhu, isibonelo, izindaba ezifana "Fish besifazane", "War", "Uthando" nabanye. Nokho, ngokushesha wakwenqaba. Zoshchenko kubhekwe lingahambisani izidingo kumfundi wanamuhla ifomu ezinkulu zezindaba laseChekhov imfushane. Wayefuna ukudlala ngolimi "-syntax ezitaladini ... abantu." Zoshchenko ngizibheke umuntu ubuyisela umbhali yesigaba sabasebenzi okwesikhashana.

Iqembu elikhulu abalobi ngo-1927 wadala isimemezelo ngokuhlanganyela. Esikhundleni sakhe esisha etemibhalo tebuciko kwaqokonyiswa. Zoshchenko wayephakathi kwalabo abashonelwa ngemvume ke. Wanyathelisa ngalesi sikhathi nakomagazini (ikakhulukazi satirical magazini "laughers", "Hippo", "Freak," "Buzoter", "Amanita", "U-Inspector General" nabanye.). Nokho, akuhambanga kahle konke. Ngenxa indzaba lemfisha "Indaba engiwukhumbulayo owawungemnandi" M.Zoshchenko kusolakala "eziyingozi wezepolitiki" zishaqwa Juni 1927 iphephabhuku "Hippo" inombolo. Kancane kancane ke eyenziwa ekuvalweni lolu hlobo izincwadi. ELeningrad ngo-1930 savalwa futhi "Umhloli", lona wamuva umagazini satirical. Nokho, Mikhail akazange adikibale bese unquma aqhubeke esebenza.

izinhlangothi ezimbili odumo

Kusukela kumagazini ngokuthi "Ingwenya" yena uyasebenzisana kusukela 1932. Ngalesi sikhathi, Mikhail Zoshchenko ebutha zethu ezingokwenyama inoveli yakhe esihloko sithi "The Return kobusha", kanye nezincwadi betadisha imithi, psychoanalysis futhi izitho zomzimba. Imisebenzi yakhe baziwa kakade, ngisho in the West. Nokho, udumo lokhu kwaba nobubi. EJalimane ngo-1933, Zoshchenko amabhuku wadalula ngokuhambisana lokuvinjelwe ezizenzakalelayo kaHitler yomphakathi.

imisebenzi emisha

Ngo-USSR, ngesikhathi esifanayo ke libhalwe futhi ubekwe ahlekisayo esiteji Michael Zoshchenko "Cultural Heritage". "Blue Book", omunye edume kakhulu izincwadi zakhe, ashicilelwe kusukela ngo-1934. Ngaphezu amanoveli, tindzaba letimfisha kanye udlala Zoshchenko futhi wabhala satires and amanoveli zomlando ( "Taras Shevchenko", "Kerensky", "Isijeziso," "Black Prince", njll). Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenza izindaba izingane ( "Izilwane Smart", "Gogo Isipho", "isihlahla sikaKhisimusi", njll).

izindaba zezingane Zoshchenko

Mikhail Zoshchenko utlole izindaba izingane eziningi sika. Bakhandwa eshicilelwe esikhathini kusuka 1937 kuya ku-1945. Kulaba bafundi, abanye babo ababezisebenzisa imisebenzi ngabanye, kuyilapho abanye sasimunye ngemijikelezo. Cycle "Lola futhi minka 'lijabulela ukuthandwa enkulu.

Ngo-1939 - 1940. Mikhail Zoshchenko wadala le uchungechunge imisebenzi. isakhiwo sayo kulandela kuhlanganisiwe izindaba: "amazwi Golden," ukuphela "kwezihambi enkulu", "Thola" "engamashumi amathathu," "Ungalali", "galoshes no ayisikhilimu," "Isipho kagogo", "isihlahla sikaKhisimusi". Hhayi ngokunikeza umfundi ithuba hlanganani nabo umjikelezo owodwa, Mikhail Zoshchenko. Yisihumusho ezifingqiwe mikhiqizo kuholela esiphethweni ukuthi kusho ukuthi kukhona enifana, okungukuthi izithombe ngiswa abasemqoka abazizwa. Kuyinto minka amancane Lola, udadewabo.

indaba ivela ubuso le womlandi. ngomfanekiso waKhe akukanciphi ezithakazelisayo kuka amaqhawe izindaba Mihaila Zoschenko. Lona umuntu omdala okhuluma uyakhumbula iziqephu ezifundisayo futhi yamahlaya kusukela eseyingane. Qaphela ukuthi phakathi UMBHALI yemlandzi zifana (ngisho negama lawo okufanayo, futhi kukhona inkomba umsebenzi komlobi). Kuze ngengozi ephelele nokho awufiki. umlandzi kuba ngokuphongoza umlobi. Leli fomu ibizwa ngokuthi etemibhalo lelandzisako tale. Wayengumuntu efanele ikakhulukazi izincwadi zombuso waseSoviet Union 20-30-yalolucwaningo. Ngalesi sikhathi, wonke isiko kwaba propensity elahlukile nokucwaninga wesitayela namalimi wemiphakathi.

Kulezi izindaba, njengoba kwaphawula u S. Ya. Marshak, umlobi efihla indlela enhle yokuziphatha hhayi. Ukhuluma ngayo yonke ukwethembeka embhalweni, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isihloko imisebenzi ( "Ungalali"). Nokho, lezi zindaba akubi didactic. amahlaya yabo kokulondoloza, njalo ezingalindelekile, futhi kuyingozi kakhulu, Zoshchenko esingokwemvelo. Ngesikhathi inhliziyo amahlaya okungalindelekile Mikhail Mikhailovich kuyinto inkulumo yokulingisa behlakaniphile.

Namuhla ethandwa kakhulu imisebenzi eminingi okwabhalwa Mikhail Zoshchenko. izincwadi zakhe esikoleni, bayathandwa izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Indlela izincwadi zakhe Kwakungelula, njengoba ngempela futhi isiphetho abanye abalobi abaningi futhi izimbongi of nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ikhulu Lama - esibudisi emlandweni, kodwa ngisho phakathi neminyaka yempi sekube imisebenzi eminingi ukuthi babé zabuna ezincwadi Russian. Biography yomlobi omkhulu Mikhail Zoshchenko, sifinyeto ithemba lethu, kukwenze isithakazelo emsebenzini wakhe.