Serapion Brothers: umlando kanye nezithombe

Ngemva Okthoba futhi Februwari linemibhikisho eziye efakwe ezweni elikhulu kolunye uhlangothi, i-zezimbali okusheshayo zonke izinhlobo yesimanjemanje zobuciko waqala eRussia. iqembu Literary "Serapion Abafowethu" yaba ngeyesikhashana Nokho, zashiya izibazi emlandweni izincwadi, futhi ukuphila komuntu ngamunye amalungu ayo. Ngehlazo "Serapion" bahlala nabo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku. Esikhathini 1920 ekuseni kwaba omunye izinhlangano edume kakhulu tetemibhalo, nezinhlu zawo zazilotshiwe abalobi ezifana Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Lev Luntz, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Slonimsky. Besimayili nokukhophozela emkhathizwe, abasebancane temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kweSoviet futhi kushiswe ngokushesha, "Serapion Abafowethu" kwaze ukukhanyisa izindlela ezintsha ezincwadini zabanye abalobi abaningi.

prehistory

Ngo-1919, lapho indlu ukushicilela "Imibhalo Yomhlaba" yadalwa Literary Translation Studio. Nokho, maduzane nje, emhlanganweni wabantu abasha ababeze ukufunda lesi ubuciko, waqala ukuba nomunyu lophelele. Exoxa ngezincwadi, ikhono umbhali futhi ngokuyisisekelo art okuqukethwe eyinhloko inhlangano. Ngemva nje kwalokho, siguqulelwa studio etemibhalo. Umqalisi yenhlangano walo wawenziwe UNikolai Gumilyov, nokuphathwa, athatha izintambo Chukovski. Andrey Bely, N. Zamyatin, Chukovsky, Gumilev, Shklovsky lwenziwe emihlanganweni seminar kanye izinkulumo. Inombolo yabalandeli shirilos futhi ngo-1920 kwaba abantu 350. Abalobi, owawungumnyaka eduze ngaphakathi studio, ahlukaniswe futhi wadala iqembu "Serapion Abafowethu". Amalungu lokhu kuhambisana waphikelela ngokuthi awayona esikoleni tetemibhalo, kodwa umphakathi baxgeki, babhali, bahlatiyi, izimbongi, exhumene ngokubukwa ezivamile kokuqukethwe yobuciko.

Poetics igama inhlangano etemibhalo

Uma-ke aliyona incwadi izindaba short "Serapion Abafowethu" (Hoffmann), okuyinto isikhathi eside ilele phezu kwetafula umshicileli sika, igama Commonwealth of abalobi abasha zehluka. Nokho, kwacaca ukuthi ukuze uvumelane isimiso eyinhloko iqembu. Encwadini Hoffmann equkethe 22 indaba, isitshela indaba iqembu labangane ukuhlangana ngemva ngokwahlukana eside. Omunye wabo likhuluma ngezinsizwa nezintombi ayikhohlwe indlela ahlangana ngayo Ukubala ahlanye Okholwa ubunjalo luyakhohlisa engokoqobo. Ukunqatshwa ngokoqobo, anakekele lokusungula khulula emhlabeni ezakha leli qiniso eliyisisekelo yalo msebenzi, kuba okungcono libhekene iimfuneko abalobi abasha.

Bobani abalobi? "Bazalwane Serapion": Uhlu labahlanganyeli

Cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokuba indalo yayo, reception eqenjini kwezincwadi amalungu amasha wanqamuka. Eyokuqala - kanye nohlu lokugcina abahlanganyeli iye immortalized esithombeni ngo-1921. Yena uphawu Lev Luntz, uNikolai Nikitin, Mikhail Slonimsky, u-Ilya Gruzdev, uKonstantin Fedin, Vsevolod Ivanov, Mikhail Zoshchenko, Veniamin Kaverin, Elizabeth Polonskaya, Nikolai Tikhonov. Cishe ngo-oda bayiswa iqembu. Abanye abacwaningi phakathi abahlanganyeli kanye Viktora Shklovskogo, nakuba kubhekwa umsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle ethile ye izinhlangano noma iyiphi.

Okuqukethwe emihlanganweni Serapions

Literary iqembu "Serapion Abafowethu" indawo emihlanganweni yabo ukuze ukhethe ikamelo Slonimsky. ngomfanekiso waKhe ngisho waba uphawu lokuhlala iqembu. baxgeki Literary uyavuma ukuthi bekunomhlangano ngoMgqibelo, nakuba empeleni abalandeli beyohlanganyela kanye nolunye usuku phakathi nesonto. Emihlanganweni, sifunda imisebenzi amalungu eqembu, abese idingidwa futhi ulukhuni. Abalobi babephikisana ngokuthi ubuciko, ucabangela izindlela ezintsha ekuthuthukiseni imibhalo. Ungacabanga ukuthi izingxoxo babe evuthayo nangokomzwelo.

ephumayo lwencwadi

Okuwukuphela iqoqo ngokuhlanganyela Serapions eyakhishwa ngo-1922. Wadedelwa eRussia, futhi kamuva e-Berlin, kulekelelwa Article I. Gruzdev "ubuso kanye buso." Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kube ukukhululwa kwe-Anthology imisebenzi ngamalungu "Serapion Abafowethu" babaziwa emibuthanweni etemibhalo kahle. Phakathi abayithandayo yabo ibhekwa Gorky, okuyinto kubonakala izincwadi zakhe kanye Shklovsky. Wayenesithakazelo esiqotho ekukhishweni imikhiqizo emisha, wabanika amamaki aphezulu kakhulu.

Kwakuthinta okuningi izibambe Tynyanov. Esihlokweni "abafowabo Serapion. Lwencwadi mina »azichazayo ukuqoqwa njengesinyathelo sokuqala ngokuntenga, lapho akukho izindaba ngempela eqeda (hhayi njalo ukwenza umsebenzi ongcono). Umsekeli "ukuchaza enhle" M. Kuzmin ngokuphelele ngabo waphendula ngalokhu Anthology, ukubhala izindaba Serapions 1920 isivele yisikhathi ngo-1922.

abazalwane izidlaliso

Ekuqaleni, umhlangano "Serapion Abafowethu" wayefana umhlangano "Umphakathi we Arzamas abantu akwaziwa" kakhulu, ekuhlanganiseni abalobi umbuthano Pushkin sika. Kusukela lapho, lo mbono izidlaliso ezihlekisayo likhishiwe, ezazingezegceke abalobi for a lifetime. Ezinye zazo ukhuluma uVladimir Posner ayeyibhalela A. M. Remizovu. I. Gruzdev wethiwa "UMfoweth Abbot," Nikitin - "Umfowenu canonarch" LA Luntz - "Umfowenu umbethi wogubhu", B. Posner - "omncane", Shklovsky - ". Umzalwane-kicker" Ngaphandle izidlaliso babe Zamyatin, Zoshchenko noN Chukovsky. emihlanganweni yayivame Akhmatova, uBoris Annenkov, AI Odoyevtseva nabanye. Futhi nengxenye ezingxoxweni ezinjalo kanye nezinkulumo-mpikiswano, kodwa lithi akufanele kufakwe iqembu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba khona "amantombazane Institute serapionovskih", ezazihlanganisa M. Alonkina, LI Sazonov, Z. Gatskevich (kamuva umkakhe Nikitin), I. Kaplan-Ingel (kamuva umkakhe Slonim).

Lev Luntz futhi "Bazalwane Serapion"

I abasha Lev Luntz oneminyaka engu-20 ubudala uye waba umholi olungekho emthethweni leqembu. Smart, njalo ethakazelisayo, ngendlela emangalisayo abanamakhono - emhlanganweni wokuqala Serapions Wayeleminyaka "sekuqala ukufudumala" izisebenzi. Luntz wahlala iminyaka engu-23 kuphela, kodwa yakwazi ukuhamba izibazi ezinhliziyweni abalobi. Lunts Obituary wabhala Gorky, N. Berberova, Tynyanov, Fedin. Wabizwa "umfana faun" ashaya phezu amandla emaphethelweni lokhu umfana sagcwalisa nayo yonke imihlangano yeqembu elibizwa ngokuthi "Serapion Abafowethu". Literary Association akhethwe kuye umholi umcabango. ngisho Le nsizwa Nokho ngafuna khona ukunikezela iyiqoqo, akazange abe nesikhathi ukwenza lokhu.

Ekupheleni kuka-20-yalolucwaningo lokusungula Lunz uthole i inhlamba ongenakucimeka wokulingwa njengoba ngokujulile emelene ngempela namaSoviet futhi mva, futhi ngaphezulu kwakungasebenzeki ishicilelwe. Isizathu sokuba isimo sengqondo esinjalo kungaqondakala uma ufunde nge-Athikili Lunz "Kungani" Serapion Abafowethu ", okuyinto eyaba Manifesto leqembu. Kule nkulumo wachaza ukuthi usho izimiso inkululeko lokusungula, ukuphila ngaphandle izimiso neziqondiso.

Isiphetho inyunyana

Ukuze uhulumeni wamaSoviet kuqembu esizimele abalobi engafiseleki kakhulu. Ngo-1922, ephephabhukwini "Literary Amanothi" babe Tindzaba kwakhe Serapions. Ngemva kwalokhu, umkhankaso lonke zokwehlukanisa abalobi eliholwa Lunacharsky futhi Trotsky wema. Umsebenzi eyayibekwe ecacile: linqobe iqembu. Labo uyavumelana ukubambisana neziphathimandla, kwathiwa wathembisa ukuthi imisebenzi yabo esizophrintwa. Ukuze umbhali Soviet isivele yimpumelelo enkulu. Ezinye Serapions engena inhlangano "Umbuthano", okuyinto sekuneminyaka imali imidlalo.

Kancane kancane ebandleni kwaqala ezingavamile ngaphezulu. Ngokusemthethweni, iqembu yahlakazeka kwakungelona kobungane nobudlelwane phakathi kwamalungu alo zigcinwe kukho konke ukuphila. Nokho, ngobusuku iminyaka engu-Zoscheko ayisekho wafika ngo-1926. Kuze 1929, inhlangano "Bazalwane Serapion" namanje yefilakisi kumibuthano etemibhalo. Njengoba sekunama-Union of Abalobi khona kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano ezimele ukuthi, ngokuvamile, isibe engenakwenzeka.

Naphezu nomlando wayo esifushane, iqembu "Serapion Abafowethu" kwadingeka okukhulu izincwadi Russian of XX leminyaka. Kusukela imvelo yayo kwesokunxele eziningana ababhali okukhulu kuye, futhi kwashiya kanjani izibazi kufakazelwa iqiniso lokuthi ngo-1946 amalungu lalo kwaphinde ezishiwo abadumile Zhdanov isimemezelo. Ngakho, eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet ingalo lokujeziswa ithole abalobi abangalawuleki, hit Zoshchenko, Tikhonov futhi Slonimsky inani unswinyo ezimba.