Military lifaka Russia: Umlando kanye yesimanjemanje

Igama elithi "isikhundla kwezempi" kusho isikhundla ukuthi kungene amasosha ebuthweni futhi lasolwandle ngokumelene nezinye amasosha. Nobe ngusiphi sihloko kusikisela ukuthi ulethile yayo yamalungelo ezithile nezibopho, ezilawulwa yimithetho neziqondiso lempi.

uvele ezinhlwini Military, abanyamalalayo, ziye zashintsha kanye ekuthuthukiseni a kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi. Ngokufunda umlando wabo, ungafunda okuningi mayelana nokuthuthukiswa amabutho State.

Isihloko siqala Russia emuva emashumini eminyaka XII-XI., Nakuba wezempi ingakhishwa ngokuthi elula. Ngokuvamile, baba esiqokiwe isiphi isikhundla sokuphatha. Ngaphansi kwethonya lwesiTatar-amaMongol eRussia kukhona ezifana ezinhlwini zempi njengokungathi desyatsky, onogada, tysyatsky, kodwa abekho wonke principalities esiqokiwe oyinduna phezu lokhu noma lokhuya isibalo sabantu. Ngu Besendleleni kamuva lwaphumelela ngokwanele ukusebenzisa Cossacks efanayo.

Eyokuqala Russian ngempela ezinhlwini lempi kwasuka 1647, lapho u-Alexis wamukelwa wokuqala wezwe iziqondiso lempi. Lo mthetho kwakudingekile ngoba ngalesi sikhathi, kanye aphethe yendabuko nendima ekhulayo ukuzivikela wezwe waqala ukudlala abacibisheli kanye okuthiwa "eshalofini isimiso esisha." Zonke ezinhlwini amasosha Charter zazihlukaniswa zibe imikhakha emibili - ezejwayelekile kanye ukhoporali, ngubani empeleni zifane izikhulu lanamuhla. Lapha sibona igxilile kakade esetshenziswa kulokhu isihloko uColonel, polupolkovnik, uLieutenant. Ekupheleni XVII ekhulwini ebuthweni Russian sebeqala ukusebenzisa isihloko jikelele uBrigadier futhi, parallel polupolkovnikom iqala ozofakwa kanye zijwayele thina lilinganise - sombutho wezempi.

Indima ebalulekile inqubo iyala ezinhlwini lempi ibutho Russian eyadlalwa isingeniso e 1722 Peter yi Uhlu Amazinga. Ngokusho lokhu dokhumenti ithula uhlu ecacile zezihloko, nakanjani imisebenzi ethize. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kuthebula kuhlanganisa kuphela phakathi kwababusi ezempi, oqala isikhulu esiyinhloko, ezinhlwini ephansi abangu kulawulwa nemithetho ebekiwe.

Isici esibalulekile salo ibutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ukuthi etholwe Guards isihloko zicatshangelwa namantombazane amabili kunakunoma etholwe ezivamile amayunithi ezempi. Lesi simo lanqoba kwaze kwaba 1884, lapho zonke Russian ezinhlwini empi neminye isimo sabo.

Futhi esiyilungelo babembalwa ababevumelana The Gunners, isihloko okuyinto ubhekwa isinyathelo kuze kube 1884 kuka emalungwini evamile. Lokhu kwakuhambisana nezinga nezimfuneko anda ezisebenza ezingeni ulwazi labo ababekhonza ezindikimbeni la mabutho.

ezinhlwini Military wase-USSR e ngemva Okthoba Revolution eminyakeni okuqala ayengelona inhlanganisela izikhundla umyalo nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izigaba service": umlawuli lamabutho, umkhuzi wamabutho, isigaba induna, amabutho nomyali. Kuphela ngo-1935 phakathi kwababusi ezempi, ngaphandle kwabambalwa, usubuyiselwe ngesimo lapho iye Czarist Russia. Nokho, ezinye zazo zaqala ukuba ikhale ngendlela ehlukile: isibonelo, esikhundleni marshal ensimini erenki eliphakeme yezempi yezwe yaba Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ngaphambi kugqashuka impi nge eJalimane ngo-1940, zonke izikhala umyalo bagcina Limiselelwe ojenene futhi isikhundla Umkhuzi, okuyinto bekumele zifanekisela ukwedlulela eSoviet amabutho ahlomile ezingeni elisha.

ezinhlwini Military wase-USSR ngesikhathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe iye yashintshwa ezincane: e amayunithi Guard zaqala ukusetshenziswa "Guard" Isiqalo babe semashi futhi semashi ezihlukile main izinhlobo amasosha (armored, wezikhali, zezindiza). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1945 kwaba khona esicongweni esisha eliphakeme - Generalissimo kweSoviet Union, esanikwa isikhulu uStalin.

ezinhlwini Military wase-USSR yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo izihloko ebuthweni yesimanje Russian. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa the yokugcina okwamanje wezinguquko lempi zakhishwa ezingeni futhi amaphoyisa. Isihloko uLieutenant yesibili, nakuba kukhona cishe akukho kunikezelwe.