Moriak Fransua: Biography, izingcaphuno, amazwi, amabinzana,

F. Mauriac - French umlobi kwekhulu XX, okuyinto waphefumulela esidlule ezingaphezu kuka esizayo. Ngakho-ke kungase kubonakale kulabo ufundile okungenani ambalwa amanoveli akhe. Kungaba ukubala ngisho uyisidala - ezimbalwa besikhathi sakhe bangavumelana yokuthi ukuziphatha kobuKristu ungakwazi ukuma siqinile izinhlekelele abaningi bekhulu XX. Yena ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe njengomprofethi uma ethe njo esidlule. Isenzo pheze yonke imisebenzi afakwe ekupheleni XIX - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka, ezweni lanamuhla, Kwakubukeka sengathi akanandaba umbhali. Nokho Fransua Moriak - owathola uMklomelo KaNobel, ilungu French Academy futhi omunye wabalobi ezibaluleke kakhulu kwekhulu elidlule.

Ukuxhumanisa ezindawo ka indlela yokuphila Fransua Moriaka Bordeaux

Moriak Fransua wazalwa ngo-1885 e Bordeaux. Uyise, Jean-Pol Moriak kwaba yomthengisi ayothengisa ugodo. Umama UMargarita Mauriac futhi wayevela emkhayeni abathengisi. UFrancois wayenabafowabo emithathu udade, kepha ngokuba wayenamandla junior, wathola ukunakwa kakhulu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni wakhulela endaweni yesiko lamaKatolika esiqinile, ukuba qotho, waziyisa kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe.

Watadisha umfana e Koderane, lapho wathola umngane ukuphila - André Lacaze. Ngo-1902, ugogo komlobi wafa, eshiya ifa ukuphila komkhaya kwaqala ukwehlukana, asikwazanga nimngcwabe. Ukubuka Isendlalela sale drama Umndeni kwakufanele Mauriac ukushaqeka wokuqala omkhulu.

Ngo ekolishi, Mauriac wayefunda imisebenzi uPawulu Claudel, Charles Baudelaire, Artyura Rembo, uColette Andre Gide. Lokho kudla kunifundisile umfowabo nomalokazana André Gide, uthisha Marsel Druen. Ngemva ekolishi, uFrancois langena University of Bordeaux-Faculty of Literature, iziqu ngo 1905 Master.

Ngawo lowo nyaka, Moriak Fransua waqala ukuya yenhlangano yamaKatolika Marc Sagnier. Kokuba kakhulu ukuthonywa ifilosofi kanye yesimanjemanje, abalandeli bayo ngabheka uJesu wake waba khona emlandweni futhi wazama ukuthola umthombo ukholo.

Eyokuqala isipiliyoni etemibhalo: Paris

Ngo-1907, Fransua Moriak kuhanjiswe ku Paris, lapho ulungiselela ukungena ecole de Shart. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uqala uzame ngokwakho ubhala amavesi. Iqoqo "Hands eligoqiwe womthandazo 'wakhululwa ngo-1909. I izinkondlo abangu ngempela ukuzikhohlisa, nabo aba nomuzwa wethonya emibonweni engokwenkolo umbhali, kodwa noma kunjalo, basuke ngokushesha yabakhanga abalobi abaningi. Impumelelo emphakathini kokuqala utshelwa Mauriac ashiye esikoleni futhi azinikele izincwadi. Ngokushesha mina ngavela futhi noveli yokuqala - ". Bengane ngaphansi Isisindo amaketanga" Njengoba isivele ngokucacile echazwe umcondvo lobalulekile bonke amanoveli akhe okwalandela: insizwa ezivela kwezinye izifunda lilwe nezilingo enhlokodolobha futhi ekugcineni ithola nobunye inkolo.

Imisebenzi ngesikhathi kubusa kanye ukubukwa zezombusazwe omlobi

Njengakwamanye abalobi abaningi French ezifana Alber Kamyu noJean-Pol Sartr, Mauriac uphikisa nobuNazi. Phakathi nomsebenzi amaNazi eFrance, ebhala, aqondiswe ngokubambisana. Nokho, okokuqala, washumayela izimiso lwesintu, ngakho ngemva kwempi wanxusa isiFulentshi isihe labo namaJalimane.

Wabuye uphikisa inqubomgomo wamakoloni futhi ukusetshenziswa sokuhlushwa Algeria ngamasosha French. Mauriac asekelwe de Gaulle, unyana wakhe, waba unobhala jikelele siqu 1940 ngasekupheleni.

Sezenkolo usebenza Fransua Moriaka

Umlobi zalwa impikiswano kungaqedwa nge Roger Peyrefitte, ngubani osolwa iVatican ka ukuzitika ubungqingili njalo ekufuneni amaJuda kufihlwe phakathi abasebenzi bayo. Ngaphandle eqanjiwe Mauriac kwesokunxele imisebenzi eminingana ezindabeni yobuKristu, "Ukuphila kukaJesu", "Okwenzeka kumuntu siqu kwengqondo yenkolo", "On a izinhliziyo ambalwa ukubuyisa." Encwadini "Ukuphila kukaJesu," umbhali uchaza isizathu esasenza akwazise uye wahlala ngokwethembeka inkolo lapho wazalwa wenyusa. Ngokusho umbhali, kuhloswe ukuba futhi izazi zemfundiso yenkolo noma ososayensi, futhi zefilosofi. Kuyinto cishe ukuvuma yomuntu ofuna umkhondo wokuphila zokuziphatha.

Fransua Moriak: amabinzana aphorisms yomlobi enkulu

Mauriac kwesokunxele amazwi amaningi onokuqonda futhi ohlakaniphe ezembula uqobo ngokujulile ukwakheka komuntu. Wonke umsebenzi wakhe wayehumusha ekutadisheni obubi komphefumulo kanye Ukufuna imithombo izici. Into esemqoka observation bakhe abaseduze kwakukhona umshado e abangajabule, abaholelwa ambalwa ephilayo ndawonye futhi sathola yayikukhumbula ukuthi push abantu esonweni. Inkolo wayekholelwa handrail isiza ukugcina phezu kwalasha izinkanuko womuntu. Kodwa zikhona izikhathi, wabhala, lapho ngisho nenhliziyo engcono kakhulu umuntu, emelene noNkulunkulu. Khona-ke uNkulunkulu usibonisa yize yethu, ukuze afundise sisendleleni efanele. Inkolo nezincwadi ngoba uxhumana kahle ukuze kokubili usizo ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi umuntu, wacabanga Fransua Moriak. Ukucaphuna equkethe izimfundiso zobuKristu, kungatholakala cishe njalo inoveli ke.

Amazwi mayelana uthando nomshado

Buyini ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu nowesifazane wokuqala ngomshado, futhi izici zokuziphatha ubutha zabo bobabili - yilokho ngokuyinhloko kubhekwe Fransua Moriak. Izilinganiso ngothando, lapho umbhali has ezihlukahlukene omkhulu, kusikisela ukuthi umlobi ngacabanga kakhulu ngale ndaba. Kanye uLeo Tolstoy, wacabanga umshado esi- ngcwele phakathi kwabantu ababili. Uthando phakathi kwendoda nomkayo, wabhala Moriak Fransua, edabula izingozi eziningi, kuba enhle kakhulu, kodwa futhi isimangaliso ezivamile kakhulu. Ngokuvamile uthande wabubona ngokuthi "isimangaliso engabonakali kwabanye," uthi yiyo obuseduze kakhulu futhi indaba imfihlo phakathi kwabantu ababili. wayevame walibiza umhlangano ubuthakathaka ezimbili.

Raiders kaNkulunkulu elahlekile

umbhali wakudala ingabizwa kuphela indoda owaliphonsa shazi ngokudlulisa amehlo emsebenzini wakhe. Eqinisweni, protagonist Romanov Fransua Mauriac, uma thina azihlangani zonke wabo - kuba esakhiweni somphakathi wonxiwankulu besimanje. Futhi ukuba enembile, umphakathi ukuthi ilahlekelwe Nkulunkulu, ukuzivala amehlo wakhe shagnuvshee empeleni, Nietzsche wavula postulate bakhe ukuthi uNkulunkulu ufile. Mauriac ifa etemibhalo - uhlobo sokuzihlanza, uzame futhi ukuletha esintwini ukuqonda okuhle nokubi. Amaqhawe amanoveli akhe liphindelela begijima empilweni yami futhi selehlile beyofuna ukushisa siyakhubeka entsha engena amakhaza zomhlaba. XIX leminyaka ngimalile uNkulunkulu, kodwa XX angilethanga lutho emuva.

Idolobha lasekhaya njengoba mthombo

Kwanele ukufunda umlobi inoveli "Ingane yore" ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini Fransua Moriak. Umlando wakhe kuchaziwe kulo msebenzi zokugcina ngobuciko ecophelelayo. iqhawe le noveli, kanye Mauriac wazalwa ngo Bordeaux e lomkhaya ocebile, wakhuliswa esimweni olandelanayo, bengifunda izincwadi nezobuciko bakhuleka. Ingungu yensimbi ekhaliswayo ngokushaywa Paris, waqala ukubhala udumo cishe ngokushesha wathola kanye nenhlonipho kumibuthano etemibhalo. Idolobha lasekhaya ngokuqinile washaya umcabango umbhali, ezihambayo emsebenzini ukusebenza. izinhlamvu yakhe ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ukuya eParis, isenzo eyinhloko senzeka Bordeaux nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Mauriac wathi ukuthi isifundazwe umculi dengwane onganginaki esintwini.

Abilayo cauldron ngemvelo abantu

Esihlokweni esithi "A umlobi nesazi nezinhlamvu zakhe" Mauriac wachaza ngokuningiliziwe kwenkululeko ucwaningo lwabo - kuba Psychology womuntu, ugqozi ukuthi bame endleleni kwakhe kuNkulunkulu futhi ngokwakho. Ngokugxila kulokho umndeni yasekhaya izinkinga, Mauriac, "kubhala ukuphila" kuzo zonke izinhlobo zako ezihlukahlukene. Wokuhlunga umculo ngemvelo yoyedwa olulodwa, uyifake ngaphansi ngesibonakhulu kokuma kwakhe okungapheli, umlobi wembula isimo ngezinye izikhathi elele ongaphakeme-of isifiso sabantu buthelela, sitfutfukise lwati kubafundzi ukoma futhi Egoism. Kodwa okuwukuphela kwendlela nommese kuhlinzwa, ungakwazi ukuphuma ezingqondweni imicabango yokona. emi ubuso nobuso abanokukhubazeka yabo kuphela, abantu usungaqala ukubhekana nazo.

Fransua Moriak: aphorisms ngokuphila nangendlela ngokwabo

Njenganoma yimuphi umuntu njalo ukusebenza izwi, Mauriac ungase Akumangalisi ngamafuphi adlulisele sokuma yayo emshweni lofanako. umsiki lakhe ngqo delineates ukuma i ubuntu ezimele, okuyinto kudinga ukuhlonipha isikhala sakhe lapho ebhala ukuthi umi ngonyawo olulodwa esethuneni futhi akafuni kuye sandise ngakolunye ngezinyawo. Hhayi ngaphandle amazwi akhe futhi Wits. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye aphorism yakhe edume kunazo zonke uthi abesifazane izindleko unbribable ngokuvamile eqolo. Abanye abalobi abaphendukela imishwana ajwayelekile kithi izinto ecaleni nhlobo. I aphorism "yizidakamizwa - kuyinto zisetshenziswa injabulo ukufa" a kwencika esiyingozi kuba cishe umthunzi romantic.

Ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe umlobi wayephila e-Paris, futhi uyazibona kuleli dolobha. Nokho, le nkulumo ukuthi Paris - is kuhlale wedwa, avule umnyango hhayi kuphela kwegceke lakwakhe, kodwa umphefumulo somlobi. Phakathi nesikhathi eside - Moriak Fransua waphila iminyaka engu-85 - ayekutholile hhayi omunye ukudumazeka wenza isiphetho ukuqonda ukwakha izinqaba emoyeni akubizi lutho, kodwa umonakalo yabo kuyabiza kakhulu.

Afterword

Lapho Fransua Moriaku ukuthi wayengumuntu ojabulayo, ngoba ukholelwa ekungafini yakhe, wayiphendula ukuthi le nkolelo isekelwe into esobala. Ukholo - kuyimfanelo enhle, isenzo intando, futhi kudinga umzamo omkhulu owenziwe umuntu. ukukhanyiselwa sezenkolo futhi umusa akusho ukuzehlisa ukuze umphefumulo ukubuyisa ngesinye isikhathi, kufanele ufune ukunqanda yena umthombo. Lokhu kunzima ikakhulu endaweni lapho lutho emhlabeni akuyona kufakazelwa okungenani khona ezincane zokuziphatha nokuthobeka. Mauriac wathi lokuthi wayekwazi - ne ugcizelele igama noma amagama - ukulondoloza, thinta futhi bazizwa uthando hhayi ubonile.