Motor futha umlilo: izici kudivayisi. Nazi izinhlobo umlilo motor amaphampu

Ngokuvamile amaphampu elihlobene ne-izingadi zokuxhumana isofthiwe namasimu. Zisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo enhlanganweni ye ngenkasa futhi ayakhala izinhlelo, kanye aqukethe ngempumelelo ukudonsa amanzi esikhukhulayo ezindlini at amanzi ncibilika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini enjalo angabhekana ngayo umlilo. izinhlelo yezobuchwepheshe ukuze alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa ngenjongo yokulwa, kodwa kulokhu design ikuvumela ukwenza imisebenzi enjalo ngenxa ukuhamba kanye ingcindezi eyanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo Fire motor futha, isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi, has izinhlobo eziningana futhi nemingcele ezahlukene zokusebenza.

Ububanzi ekusebenzeni amayunithi

amayunithi ezinjalo ingasetshenziswa emkhakheni ngasese nasemphakathini izakhiwo isevisi, kanye ezindaweni ezikhethekile kakhulu. Ngokuphathelene izidingo zomuntu ngamunye, amasistimu ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ukuvikela indlu nezakhiwo elizungezile emililweni kungenzeka - ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa izakhiwo lokhuni. Emsebenzini kahulumeni ngokuvamile ukusetshenziswa futha injini enophephela kuyehla kube ukulwa nemiphumela yezikhukhula ngephutha. Lokhu kusebenza akukwazi wawususa e emakhaya, lapho kungaba khona isidingo ukuphampa amanzi ezindlini imithombo.

Ngokuqondene emikhakheni ekhethekile xaxa, kungenzeka bona abuye ukutakulwa, zemivubukulo, ukugcinwa imikhumbi, yebo, umsebenzi bomlilo. Ngamanye amazwi, nomaphi lapho abantu bavikelekile ezingozini zomlilo liyadingeka, noma enza futha amanzi, kungaba wusizo umlilo motor futha in umklamo othize. Okokusebenza kufanele kukhethwe okusekelwe criteria eziningana ukuthi ngesikhathi ukusebenza, azikho izinkomba izisebenzi umthetho umsebenzi sesisonke.

Design kanye nokusebenza umlilo amaphampu

Motor amaphampu ukukhombisa isibonelo kahle elula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo imishini esebenza kahle. iyunithi isisekelo umsipha injini - futha, okuyinto ebiyelwe zezindlu ekhethekile noma isakhiwo Uhlaka ivikelwe. I futha kungaba kuqukathe amasondo kanye izindwani. Ngesikhathi imishini kwethulwa bedle amandla centrifugal iyaqala ujikelezisa izindwani. Lokhu kuholela ukuhamba ketshezi ngokusebenzisa amapayipi amanzi serviced - itheku ngokuvamile enikeziwe futhi esidayisa "imikhono". Futhi uzinake kuyinto umsebenzi valve isheke, ehlinzekwe kanye umlilo motor futha. Iziyalezo amaphampu yalolu hlobo uqokomisa nezingozi umsebenzi wabo "ezomile". Kuyinto ukuvimbela kule modi wokusebenza inikezwa valve, hlola uketshezi ngaphakathi imishini. Ukusebenza uyama uma ukudluliswa amanzi usuphothuliwe.

Uhlelo oluyisisekelo oluthi izici tekusebenta

Ukuze uqale ukubuyekeza izindlela zobuchwepheshe idatha motor amaphampu kufanele kube ukusebenza lift. Kule ipharamitha incike kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa imishini, isibonelo, ekulweni ihlathi umlilo, noma umlilo esakhiweni ubude. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, zisebenzisa lokubolekwa ephakamisa ukuphakama hhayi ngaphansi kuka 16 m. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi onobuhle zamanje esikhathini esiningi ukunikeza lift okungenani 20 m.

Esinye isici esibalulekile - umkhiqizo. Akumele kudidaniswe ukuphakama kwezidingo zamanzi, njengoba kwezinye izimo kubaluleke ngaphezu inani abezindaba ukuthi ukuletha umlilo amaphampu. Izici kuleli banga Inkomba kusuka 900 kuya ku-1 800 l / imiz. Lapha-ke kufanele kuqashelwe, namandla, okuyinto inquma kungenzeka amanzi ngesilinganiso obuhlukahlukene. ezingeni Ukungena amayunithi basesimweni 4 000-5 000 Watts, futhi ukusebenza okuphezulu onobuhle ngokujwayelekile 9000 Watts noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke kubalulekile ukuthi ukuqonda ukuthi amandla enkulu akusho yizinhlobonhlobo bezikhali imishini. Yiqiniso, ukusetshenziswa onobuhle ezifana lapho esebenza njengomdwebi ukufaka ngenkasa emasimini esobala ephansi amandla analog kuleli cala kungaba into engenamsebenzi. Kodwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ngenkasa endaweni encane, isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuphatha idivayisi nezinga kokuqala ukusebenza umsebenzi.

izici ukwakhiwa

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ngesisekelo injini kanye Uhlaka futha angase abe uhlobo oluhlukile. Ngo samuntu elula, it is a okuthembekile luhlaka nesakhiwo metal evikela yezingxenye neyesifunda eqinile vibration oscillations. neku- Ukuvikelwa ihlinzeka izindlu evaliwe, kodwa kulokhu ukufinyelela eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze izinqubo ezifanayo, uma kunesidingo, ukulungisa. Fire motor futha, futhi enikeziwe uphethiloli. Lokhu ithangi akufanele sibhekwe nje abe umphelelisi ledzingekako amandla iyunithi, njengoba amandla ayo enquma ukuthi hlobo locingo lomsebenzi ngaphandle kweziphazamiso for refueling. Shiya zokusebenza eside range ukunikeza amaphampu ethangini ukuze 6 amalitha. Ingabe izici ezibalulekile futhi lapho uphuma khona, okusho ukuthi, insimbi, lapho amanzi edabula futha. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ipharamitha 10 cm, okuyinto kwanele ukunikeza ukusebenza okumaphakathi nokucindezela ezinhle.

ukuthengisela izihlungi

Eziningi zanamuhla amaphampu amanzi kufanele ukuklama izihlungi ekhethekile, anezikhala, okuyinto ibekwe hose ukuncela. Okubalulekile, osayizi iseli ezinqunywe izithiyo ezinjalo ingxenyenamba izinhlayiya okuyinto seningene futha ungakwazi. Kulesisimo-ke, kuhle ukucabangela kudivayisi umlilo motor amaphampu ngokuya futha design. Kungaba diaphragm (a khona ulwelwesi) noma impeller evulekile centrifugal. Ku-samuntu sokuqala, imishini ingasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisana imithombo fecal, e uzotshala abezindaba alube, abafuya izinkomo kanye imfucuza t. D. Uma diaphragm kuyinto NBR uhlobo esetshenziswa kuvunyelwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa zikagesi inkonzo uwoyela amnyama. Empeleni, imfuneko esemqoka imvelo yokusebenza - ukungabi khona nolaka kumakhemikhali aziwayo ukuthi kungaholela futha we amaphampu ukusonteka ukwa.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo oluthile loketshezi enokudla

Amandla ukusebenza izinhlobo ezahlukene amanzi amaphampu ezindaweni kufanele kubhekwe eceleni, ngoba ingenye ikhi yokukhetha nemingcele. Iyunithi standard siyakwazi ukukhonza amanzi ehlanzekile kancane kungangcoli. amadivaysi Iningi zenzelwe ukusetshenziswa ekhaya - kulesi simo, ubukhulu elilungile anqunywe engaphansi kuka 5 mm. onobuhle ezinjalo ukukhonza kahle amanzi njengoba nihlanzekile, kodwa hhayi ezifanele ukusetshenziswa njengenhlangano isimiso sokunisela ngenkasa izindawo ezinkulu. Uhlobo lwesibili - lokhu yindlela ukuthi singathembela uzotshala amanzi angcolile. Lolu ketshezi ingaqukatha yesihlabathi amatshe. Lokhu kungaba ezinkulu-usayizi umlilo motor futha kabani isisindo iphelile 100 kg. A futha centrifugal imiklamo efana sihamba izinto afika ku 2,5. Efanayo amayunithi Iningi eziqinile usebenza ngisho ne uketshezi nolaka, kuhlanganise alikhali, amanzi usawoti, kanye viscosity okwandisiwe ophansi. Kusobala ukuthi izidingo ezinjalo zinikezwa amaphampu ekhethekile eyenziwe okuhlala, izinto ukugqoka nemithi.

Ukwahlukanisa injini

I kabanzi kunazo diesel likaphethiloli iyunithi, ezisetshenziswa ekuxazululeni imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi injongo kanye nezinhlobo umlilo motor amaphampu ngokuya imishini powertrains kuhlobene. Ngokwesibonelo, kunikeza ukusebenza high udizili - ngokufanele, amadivayisi njenge aqashe kulo isevisi yokulima kanye bokusebenza iziteshi umlilo. Uphethiloli amaphampu ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa izidingo zasendlini. Inguqulo esezingeni isitshalo esincane, okuyinto ezomhlaba ezahlukene amandla nokusebenza. Kodwa ngokuya ukugcinwa kwamakhilomitha okufana ezinjalo kulula udizili nozakwabo. I kagesi motor kusetshenziswa amaphampu kuphela lapho akwenzeki ukusebenzisa amayunithi nge amagesi qeda - ngokuvamile endlini.

Ufaka amaphampu

Kukhulu ngezindlela indlela ukufakwa kwalesi imishini incike uhlobo ukusebenza. Uma uhlela ukusebenzisa imodeli njengendlela into umile endaweni elungisiwe, ekuqaleni ayicabangile indawo ukufinyelela imithombo yamanzi. izidingo obandayo ebusweni ehambisana kuzo zonke izimo - kufanele kube indlela khulula, okumelwe ingaphazamiseki futhi ibe mahhala izinto third-party. It is ibuye Kunconywa ukuthi indawo ukufakwa zazilengela maqondana ezingeni lapho kwakuvela khona amanzi akuyona kuka 3 m. Kuye ngokuthi iyiphi inguqulo, umlilo motor futha kungadinga amanzi kokuqala bathele futha ingxenye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube khona indawo hoses. Kufanele kube atholakale umsebenzisi futhi ukuvikelwa emathonyeni angaphandle.

imithetho yokusebenza

Umsebenzi kufanele uqale kuphela ngemva kokuhlola zonke uxhumano amaphampu - kokubili esibheke hose kanye itheku 'emikhonweni'. Futhi hlola isimo izihlungi. Uma kakhulu avimbekile, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuhlanza kubo, kungenjalo kukhona ingozi deforming ulwelwesi. ukusebenza Lungile yamanzi umlilo iphampa ngokuhambisana isiqondiso futhi inikeza ukulawula ngokucophelela ukusebenza injini ngesikhathi amanzi. Ngemva kokwenza ukudonsa ezidingekayo ukuhlanza ingaphakathi evulekile futha izingxenye kusuka ukungcola futhi uqinisekise ubuqotho "imikhono".

isiphetho

Iyunithi uku kucwaninga kokuqala ikuvumela ukubhekana ngempumelelo nge imisebenzi ehlukene epulazini ezidinga Ukwelapha ngamanzi. abameleli Okuningi ehloniphekayo ingxenye esetshenziswa professional izidingo elwa imililo kanye nokuqaliswa ngenkasa izinyathelo. Motor futha umlilo akazange ukudanisa amakhono abo ngesikhathi ukusebenza, kumele liqale ukunquma nomkhakha we imisebenzi ke bazocula. Uhlu eziyisisekelo izici ngesimo ukusebenza, umthamo futhi hose osayizi ungakheka umbono mayelana umthamo zokusebenza iyunithi. Kodwa musa ukuyiziba secondary nenqubo yokukhetha - ezifana Uhlaka unit and ivolumu ethangini ngophethiloli.