Mstislav Keldysh: Biography, izithombe umndeni

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich (ubuzwe - Russian) kwaba usosayensi Soviet emkhakheni wezibalo kanye Mechanics, academician kanye owayengumongameli wase-USSR Academy of Sciences. Wadlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni Soviet isikhala.

I Uyise abanamakhono

Ubaba Keldysha Vsevolod Mihaylovich ukuthi ungunjiniyela civil lempi owayethole iziqu Riga Polytechnic Institute. Elapho, washada Maria Alexandrovna Skvortsova, owachitha yena athanda ukukhulisa ngayo izingane. ubaba wakhe jikelele wezikhali, kusukela ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela. Ubaba Vsevolod Mikhailovich kwaba udokotela lempi olingana jikelele, futhi yezikhulu. Keldysh wayeziqhenya njalo ngokuzalwa kwakhe ezihloniphekayo, okuyinto kumbangela izinkinga yizwe lamakhomanisi. Ngenxa ubunjalo umsebenzi Vsevolod Mikhailovich umndeni baya emadolobheni ahlukene. Uye lectured at nezikhungo lobuchwepheshe kanye uye wahlanganyela ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa YaseMoscow Metro kanye isiteshi eMoscow - iVolga.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: Biography

Keldysh Mstislav wayengenye yezingane eziyisikhombisa. Umama wabafundisa German kanye isiFulentshi, futhi bagxilisa inzondo uthando lomculo. Udadewabo, ULyudmila waba sezibalo esidumile nomfowabo Yuri - musicologist.

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich, ogama umndeni 1909 kuhanjiswe ku Riga, lapho uyise ozongitshela ngesikhathi Polytechnic Institute, ozalwa 10.2.1911. Ngo-1915, ibutho laseJalimane yahlasela eLatvia ubhoko Riga Polytechnic Institute waxoshelwa eMoscow. Lapha umndeni uhlangabezane nobunzima, eminyakeni embalwa ophilayo ngaphandle komuzi, kodwa abazali wayewuthanda umculo classical nasemakhonsathini wayevame emzini. Izingane zikhunjulwe ngolunye usuku ngo-1917, lapho umama wabo ukuthi yokondla umndeni ethosiwe anyanisi lonke, njengoba ezinye ukudla sekungasekho. Ekupheleni kuka-1918 umkhaya wathuthela Ivanovo-Voznesensk njengoba uyise waqala ukufundisa sikhungo lapho Riga Polytechnic Institute isananyathiselwe.

Ukutadisha eMoscow

Ngo-1923, lo mkhaya uthuthela eMoscow, futhi Mstislav, owayeneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, ukuya esikoleni №7 e Krivoarbatsky Lane. Lo mfana, ababukeka ukuziphatha sifana lwamaGypsy, kwaba abanonya futhi bahilizisane.

Keldysh wayeziqhenya imvelaphi yakhe esihle, nakuba bekuzoba lula uma ayenakho ezifihliwe. Amafomu asemthethweni yena njalo zaziletha irekhodi "umsuka nomphakathi - yizicukuthwane", ngakho ngo-1927, wenqatshelwa yokwemukela Institute of Civil Onjiniyela.

udadewabo omdala ULyudmila eziphambene nezifiso kayise, ngubani wabona indodana wobunjiniyela, emnxusa ukuba zifunde izibalo. Mstislav wangena eMoscow State University Faculty of Mathematics kanye Physics futhi ngathola iziqu ngo-July 24, 1931 On the izincomo okunamandla uthisha Keldysh Lavrenteva abanamakhono iziqu ngabelwa Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute.

Work at TsAGI

TsAGI izimo esihle ucwaningo zadalwa. Lapha Keldysh wahlangana Leonidom Sedovym, okuyinto buboshelwe eduze namanye yesayensi nobungane sizothinta isiphetho nososayensi.

Eminyakeni 1934-37 banyathelisa uchungechunge lwezihloko on aerohydrodynamics, umlobi okwakunzima Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich. Kukhula usosayensi abanamakhono waqala ukuxazulula yezinkinga zezindiza ngesikhathi - kunyakaza okungazelelwe eqinile ezingase zichithe umshado indiza. Umsebenzi wakhe theory kwaqeda le nkinga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayeqhuba lokucwaninga ocwaningeni yakhe zobudokotela ze-ukusetshenziswa uchungechunge polynomial ukumelelwa imisebenzi harmonic kanye variable eziyinkimbinkimbi, wabavikela ngo-1938

Keldysh Mstislav Vsevolodovich: umndeni nezingane

Ngo-1938, ngemva nothile omude owesifazane oshadile, washada Keldysh Stanislav Valeryanovna. Ngonyaka olandelayo, lapho saba nendodakazi, futhi ngo-1941 - indodana uPetru. INdodana iziqu Mechanics kanye ne-mathematics, futhi indodakazi kamuva wasebenza Keldysh Museum.

Sezibalo abanamakhono

Keldysh baqhubeka nocwaningo lwakhe futhi ngokuvamile wabambisana uthisha wakhe wangaphambili Mihailom Lavrentevym. Omunye izindikimba lowo ayefuna ukwazi ukuthi yayiyini inkinga Dirichlet.

Mstislav Keldysh kwaba sezibalo abanamakhono futhi inkolelo-mbono ye umehluko zibalo. Ikakhulukazi umnikelo eliyisisekelo wamenza waba egatsheni isicelo yezinto ezihamba emoyeni iyiqiniso. WayeyiZwi main umhlaziyi uhulumeni umeluleki nomhleli emsebenzini yezamakhompyutha elihlobene ne jet izinjini futhi isikhala 1940-60-yalolucwaningo.

Inkinga bezindiza vibration wayengomunye walaba imisebenzi yokuqala lapho ayesebenzela kuphela. Inkinga yesibili ehlobene sasiqhaqhazela, ngokuvamile in the front lokubikezela igiya indiza phezu kokwehla. Lapha, kwaba okuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo yazuza ekuxazululeni izinkinga vibration, futhi isixazululo yayo shimmy, kanye imiyalelo enemininingwane ukuze onjiniyela mayelana nendlela ukususa ke, kwachazwa ngo-1945. Ukusebenza Zhukovsky TsAGI, akazange ashiye Mathematical Institute, uMnyango Mechanics zaveduya kusukela yaqala ngo-April, 1944 kuya ku-1953

Izibonelo imisebenzi kusukela kulesi sikhathi ukuthi uhlaziyo ku Steklov Institute: "Ngokwesilinganiso quadratic isilinganiselo polynomial imisebenzi kwenombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi" (1945), "On the yengetiwe sonke imisebenzi" (1947). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi nakuba lezi imisebenzi wezibalo abstract, isithakazelo Keldysh lezi zinkinga sekukhona ngenxa imibono eladabuka ukuxazulula isicelo nezinkinga zezibalo.

Isikhala zenuzi

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, Mstislav Keldysh ngokwethukela wahlanganyela isiqondiso imiklamo yocwaningo main eziye lwenteke eSoviet Union. Ngo-1946 washiya TsAGI ukuba abe inhloko yabangamashumi Jet Propulsion Research Institute labetibambile kulesi sikhundla iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye.

Wayengumuntu iphini likamengameli eU.SSR ngo 1961-62 nomongameli yayo 1962-75, ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi egubha umkhosi unyaka wayo lama-60 e-1971, wathi yena, wadabuka ukuqedwa ucwaningo futhi ukugxila zokuphatha. Noma kunjalo, yena wadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni kwezikhali zenuzi Soviet, kanye uhlelo isikhala. Ngokwesibonelo, he was fike of ososayensi abathathu ababengenza ezihlongozwayo ngo-1954 yi-hlelo isikhala satellite Soviet, futhi ngo-1955 waba usihlalo walo myalo usethe ukuba engamele hlelo. I yimpumelelo satellite kokuqala ngo-1957 kwaphawula ukuqala uhlelo olunohlonze zocwaningo isikhala, futhi Keldysh eyayihilelekile lokhu ngokusebenzisa eziningi nezinhlangano ezahlukene, njengalokho angaphumelela ephethwe legatsha wezibalo isicelo.

Sebenza ngesikhathi Academy of Sciences

Ngo-1959 kwathiwa wadala kweminyango yezesayensi Technical Council, waqokwa inhloko Mstislav Keldysh.

Biography of usosayensi odumile sokubusa kwakhe uMongameli wase-USSR, lapho wakwazi ukufeza kwekuhlela kabusha sina. Ikakhulu, i-Communist Party ilinqabile zofuzo, ngoba akaphenduli nemibono yayo, futhi esikhundleni asekelwe elungile kwezombusazwe, kodwa le mibono anti-yesayensi Trofim Lysenko. Ngo-1964, lapho uzakwabo UNikolai Nuzhdin siphakamisiwe njengelungu egcwele Academy, lapho u-Andrei Sakharov, uzakwabo usosayensi ukuthuthukisa izikhali zenuzi, baphikiswa. Candidacy sinqatshiwe, futhi Keldysh saba negalelo ekwakhiweni kwezimiso sokuthuthukiswa isayensi ngaphandle kungenela kwetembusave, ukuthi isimo sezombusazwe owawukhona ngaleso sikhathi eSoviet Union kwakunzima kakhulu.

Ngo-1975, ngenxa yezizathu zempilo Mstislav Keldysh, wesula njengomengameli we Academy. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwaba ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokusebenza ngokweqile, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokucindezeleka okubangelwa nobunzima kule Ukuvikelwa kwezifiso yesayensi esimweni lapho isayensi isetshenziswa njengoba ithuluzi eyinhloko wezepolitiki. Abafile 6/24/78 Keldysh futhi ehloniphekile wangcwatshwa ezibiyele Wall Necropolis.

imiklomelo uhulumeni

Keldysh uye izindondo eziningi kokubili ezweni lakhe futhi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Yena waklonyeliswa uMklomelo State (1942) kanye Order of Red Banner Wezabasebenzi (1943) umsebenzi wakhe ku izindiza vibration. Ngo-1946 yena yanikezelwa omunye Prize State ngomsebenzi wakhe phezu shimmy.

Ngo-1943 wakhethwa ilungu ohambelana we-Academy of Sciences futhi academician egcwele, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva. Ngo-1956 wathola isihloko Hero of Socialist Labour ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuzivikela futhi wathola eLenin Prize ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngo-1961, waphinda waba Hero of Socialist Labour, kulokhu ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ku-rocket futhi "East", mkhathi bavimba wokuqala emhlabeni, wagibela umkhumbi okwakukhona Yuri Gagarin. Izikhathi eziyisithupha yena yanikezelwa Order of Lenin kanye izindondo izikhathi eziningana.

ukuqashelwa international

Keldysh wayeyilungu academy amaningi: Mongol (1961), Poland (1962), IsiCzech (1962), isi-Romanian (1965) isiJalimane (1966), isi-Bulgari (1966), Hungary (1970) zezifundiswa of Sciences, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1966 ) futhi wakhethwa yilungu zokuhlonipha umphakathi Royal of Edinburgh 1 Julayi 1968 wathola i zobudokotela zokuhlonipha waseWarsaw University.

Ekugcineni, wakhethwa kukomidi Central we CPSU (1961) nokuthethwa ilungu of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (1962). Ngaphezu kwalokho, emgodini wentaba kwenyanga ngesikhathi ogama lakhe behlonipha yakhe, iplanethi encane, wathola ngo-1973.