Ibhuloho phezu Bosphorus: indlela emfushane evela Yurophu nase-Asia

Turkey - kungenzeka lokhu ezweni kuphela okungokukaNkulunkulu izingxenye ezimbili zezwe: European nase-Asia. Lezi zingxenye iyanqamula le Bosphorus. Ukuze abantu bakwazi ukuhambisa ngokukhululekile futhi athathe uhambo oluya emazweni ahlukahlukene, ukuze amanzi akubi isithiyo futhi asize ngokuhlanganisa ezizwe, kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe ibhuloho phezu Bosphorus e Istanbul.

Okokuqala Bosphorus Ibhuloho

Lokhu bhuloho kwakuyisazi neveli izakhiwo sokuqala esakhiwa phezu Bosphorus. Ngakho, njengamanye leli gama. Unciphise Bridge ixhumanisa ezingwini Asian nabaseYurophu. Just a imizuzu embalwa futhi indoda kwamandla isuka Yurophu nase-Asia, noHezekeli.

Omunye umbusi wasePheresiya uDariyu Ngangifisa ukuthi kwebhuloho Yakhiwa, okuyinto ayeyoba "Isixhumi" phakathi amazwekazi amabili. Lokhu ibhuloho esadlala indima ebalulekile izinhlelo yasebukhosini. Ukuze uwine omkhulu Aleksandra Makedonskogo, kwakudingekile ukuba ukuthutha ibutho yonkana Strait yasePheresiya. Uma kwakuba khona ibhuloho, futhi amaSkithe bekuyoba lula ukunqoba. amaphupho Imperial - umthetho wenkantolo. Ngo-480 BC, ibhuloho Bosphorus lakhiwa. Nokho, pontoon.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye sekudlule engaphezu kweyikhulu, kanye nomqondo izakhiwo fixed akabashiyi bonke ababusi ikhanda. Futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, inkampani wesitimela Bosphorus Sultan Abdul Hamid II wacelwa ukwakha ibhuloho unomphela. Nokho, kuphela isinqumo sokugcina senziwa iminyaka engaba ngu-50 ukuhumusha umqondo zibe practice.

Ubani, nini futhi kungakanani

Ngo-1950, kubekwa kwebhuloho Kwakuhlelwe. Le phrojekthi kwaba brainchild of onjiniyela abavela kwa-UK W. Brown kanye G. Roberts. Namkha kunjalo, njengawo yonke indalo omkhulu, icebo elikhulu ukulinda isikhashana wakhe wenkazimulo. iminyaka engu-20 kuphela kamuva, ngo-1970, waqala umsebenzi wokwakha.

Ngo-1973, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu wamashumi omahlanu ka-Republic Turkish. in nje isikhathi ngalolo suku, futhi bekubonakala kuphelelwe kuvulwa isakhiwo. Ukwakha ibhuloho phezu Bosphorus, isimo kwakudingeka akhokhe $ 200 million, futhi yaqanjwa umsunguli we-Republic of Ataturk.

Ibhuloho siqukethe amaviyo amathathu for ukudlula izimoto. Futhi-ke has imizila emibili uya ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, esishukumisela izimoto zosizo oluphuthumayo. Ukweqa kwebhuloho, udinga ukubeka ethile. Nokho, lokhu akusho kumvimbe ukuthatha umgwaqo wabo abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-200 izimoto nsukuzonke. Kukhona izindlela abantu abahamba emgwaqweni. Nokho, ukudlula ke kungavunyelwe, njengoba iyindawo ozithandayo ukuzibulala.

Ubude ingqikithi kwebhuloho phezu Bosphorus kuyinto 1510 amamitha, ububanzi 39 amamitha. Namuhla isakhiwo endaweni 17 phakathi kwawo wonke amabhuloho ukumiswa emhlabeni. Itholakala endaweni engamamitha 64 amamitha ngaphezu kwamanzi.

Okwesibili Bosphorus Ibhuloho

Zikhona in Istanbul futhi ibhuloho wesibili phezu Bosporus. Lubekezelela igama Sultan Mehmed Fatih. Waba uxhumano legatsha European Istanbul (Rumeli Hisar) futhi ingxenye Asian ayengaphansi inhlokodolobha Turkey (Andal Hisar). Ibhuloho Lakhiwa ngo-1985 kuya 1988. Ezinye izici kwebhuloho yesibili bebakhulu kuqala. Ngezinye indalo yayo liye wachitha kakhulu Wezezimali kanye span main ke mude izikhathi eziningana. Ngakho, ubude isakhiwo sesibili siqukethe 1510 amamitha, ububanzi - 39 amamitha. He is endaweni yeshumi nambili phakathi amabhuloho enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukuphakama imibhoshongo yalo has 165 metres, kuyilapho esasisandulele 'zingaziqhayisa "bangamaphesenti amamitha 105 kuphela.

Neyesithathu maduze

Iziphathimandla Istanbul wanquma ukwakha ibhuloho lwesithathu phezu Bosphorus. Inhlokodolobha kwemibuso ezintathu zasendulo kwakuqale umsebenzi kule ndaba. Ukuvulwa iphrojekthi ubuhanjelwe yizikhulu phezulu isimo. wentengo izobiza Turkey $ 3.3 billion. Nokho, kuyakufanelekela it, ngoba design kwenzelwa ukunciphisa nomendo ekhona.

isakhiwo okusha uzobe yaqanjwa Yavuz Sultan Selim. Nkosi imithetho yoMbuso WaseTurkey ngekhulu le-16. Lokhu bhuloho ngezindlela eziningi njengoba kuphakeme kakhulu 'abafowabo' abengeziwe amadala. It siyohlalisa imizila ayisishiyagalombili izimoto ezimbili - i-izitimela. ububanzi izokuba 59 imitha ukuphakama - amamitha 320, futhi ubude nobubanzi besandla main - 1408 amamitha. Zonke lezi kwemigomo wobuciko esizayo bokwakha. Abakhi kanye nezinhlelo zikahulumeni ukuqedela wonke umsebenzi ngaphambi 2015.

Imibono kwebhuloho

Uma nje sibheke kwebhuloho lokuqala phezu Bosphorus, akalutho kodwa insimbi nokhonkolo, futhi ngeke akubone. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi ubuhle ebaziwe, kubalulekile ukwazi kahle lapho kungcono ngayo. Uma uhamba emini, imibono esikhulu ukuvulwa kwebhuloho emkhunjini, ezazihamba strait. Kusukela ibanga ungabona shazi, futhi kubonakala sengathi intambo mncane. Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi uma ukwenza isifiso, elintantayo ngaphansi kwebhuloho, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ngokuqinisekile ziyogcwaliseka.

Nokho, elihle ngempela Ataturk Ibhuloho ebusuku noma kusihlwa. Hlala phansi nge ingilazi yewayini elibomvu kwelinye zokudlela ku osebeni Bosphorus, futhi ujabulele indawo enhle kakhulu. Lapho kuba mnyama, izibani ibhuloho ezimibalabala izibani enhlobonhlobo. Umbukwane kuwufanele kuye ukuba babanikele okungenani eyodwa ubusuku obubodwa.