Izakhiwo Chemical acid

Acid ngokuthi compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi zenziwe ngama-athomu ye-hydrogen kokuba ikhono kuthathelwe indawo kuma-atom metal, futhi zinsalela acid.

Acid kukhona electrolyte. Chemical izakhiwo acid ichazwe ngu Ukwakheka kwabo.

Faka kusigaba acid ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene:

1. Ngokusho kuma-athomu e-hydrogen.

2. ngu khona komoya-mpilo.

3. Ngokweyoku-degree of dissociation.

Ngokusho kuma-athomu e-oksijini (lokhu kuncike chemical izakhiwo acid) bahlukene ku anoxic (kuyi-hydrogen sulfide, hydrochloric acid nokunye. D.) Futhi umoya-mpilo-aqukethe (nitric, sulfurous, futhi silicic t. D.)

Ngokusho kuma-athomu e-hydrogen we acid yilezi:

- monobasic, equkethe eyodwa hydrogen atom (hydrochloric acid, nitric acid);

- dibasic equkethe athomu amabili e-hydrogen (sulfuric acid, i-hydrogen sulphide);

- tribasic equkethe ezintathu hydrogen atom (wali band).

Njengoba isici wesithathu acid sehlukaniswe electrolyte ababuthakathaka (wali band, carbonic, njll D.) Futhi electrolyte eqinile (hydrochloric, nitric, sulfuric).

izakhiwo Chemical acid

Ukuba khona hydrogen ion izixazululo acid inquma imvelo yabo esidi ukunambitheka omuncu. Nokho, awukwazi ukuzilinga olimini ngangokunokwenzeka amakhemikhali ukusha.

Litmus methyl orange inkomba futhi sishintsha umbala walo ngaphansi kwethonya acid.

Acid izixazululo ukuxubana oxides eziyisisekelo, okuholela kwetinhlavu usawoti namanzi.

I acid ukuxubana kwensimbi kwesokunxele element hydrogen irowu voltage izinsimbi. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka usawoti metal ne-hydrogen.

I acid basabela lezisekelo. Ukusabela kuveza a usawoti namanzi. Ukusabela phakathi acid alikhali (isizinda) ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphendula neutralization.

I acid ukuxubana izixazululo usawoti, lapho isimo lapho ivela khona futhi inkambo yokusabela kuya ekupheleni ion exchange, isb a kwenze noma igesi ikhishwe.

I nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali of acid organic anezici yabo.

Properties of wali band acid

Wali band acid kanye nezixazululo zalo aqueous kukhona acid buthaka okuningi ezifana nitric futhi sulfuric. Le asidi, lapho isakhiwo kukhona ama-athomu amathathu-mpilo. Kuvele dissociation electrolytic of wali band acid senzeka stepwise. Ejwayelekile acid - wali band acid, yawo yamakhemikhali izakhiwo kuchazwa kwengoma.

Isixazululo wali band acid, dihydrogen phosphate ion bukhona main. Ion okuyinto akhiwa yesibili dissociation esiteji itsatfwa kancane, ne phosphate ion, umphumela eyesithathu ionization esiteji, iyivelakancane. Emhlanganweni wokuqala esigabeni wali band acid - naphakathi eqinile acid. Njengoba kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu izinsalela esidi ku ukuxhumana we acid wali band ne nosawoti alikhali akhiwa kanje: phosphate, i-hydrogen phosphate futhi dihydrogen zikasawoti.

Orthophosphoric acid kungenzeka esihlukile nomunye yi acid wasithukuthelela esiliva nitrate, kwakheka okuyinto a kwenze ophuzi. Okunye phosphorus acid uxhumana esiliva nitrate ukwakha ziyazika emhlophe. Orthophosphoric acid on Ukushisa yakha amanzi uhlaba pyrophosphoric acid.

izakhiwo Chemical ka hydrochloric acid

Hydrochloric acid kuyinto monobasic asidi enamandla kanye ejwayelekile izakhiwo acid. Kungekho nto enemibala emihle kancane kabi isixazululo ketshezi hydrogen chloride emanzini. Zikasawoti ka hydrochloric acid abizwa ngokuthi "chloride".

Hydrochloric acid angase okulungiselelwe ukusabela izixazululo of sodium chloride futhi sulfuric acid, ne-hydrogen chloride ziyoncibilika emanzini. Hydrochloric acid ihlangana sekhaya, kanjalo zakha isimiso usawoti namanzi. Ngu basabela ne neutralization alikhali ukuphendula kwenzeka. Ungaqinisekisa le nkomba. izinguquko umbala walo, okusikisela isixazululo hlangothi.

Basabela kanjani hydrochloric acid nitrate esiliva kuholela ekwakhekeni nosawoti zingaxazululeki - chloride esiliva okuyinto kusheshisa.

Hydrochloric acid ihlangana izinsimbi asebenzayo. Uma ayifake isixazululo, zinc, ukwakheka asebenzayo iqala nokukhululwa hydrogen.

Hydrochloric acid nemiculo acid, usabela lezisekelo, izinsimbi kanye nosawoti.