Odinga ukukwazi mayelana nentaba-mlilo Loa. Memo izivakashi Hawaiian

Into yokuqala ukuthi efika engqondweni ngaleso Ukukhuluma mlilo - siwukubhujiswa, izinhlekelele kanye lemihlatshelo yabantu. Khumbula okungenani kokufa yasePompeii, waphuphuma red-hot lava ukugeleza iVesuvius. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa impucuko womuntu ayisekho amenable ukuba ukwesaba lokuqala elibalulekile, futhi ukucabanga ngendlela ehluzekile, okuvumela ososayensi ukusebenzisa intabamlilo njengenhlangano mthombo ongashi untamed, zasendle geothermal amandla. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi e-mlilo, omunye eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngokuphila wazalwa, futhi kusukela ngo-jacket kwamanzi, futhi ungqimba lomhlaba, kanti nomoya ikakhulukazi wenza imikhiqizo mlilo.

Indawo kanye nesakhiwo Geological

Loa - kakhulu mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke ku-Earth isilinganiso amagugu yevolumu uphinde ndawo. Itholakala esiqhingini enkulu Hawaii elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Ububanzi nobude Loa: 19 ° 28'46 "nge w, 155 ° 36'09 .." S. d.

Igama Hawaiian lokhu intabamlilo Kuzwakala kuyisixazululo "entabeni ephakeme". Lokhu mlilo, omunye eziningana Ktorov ifomu Hawaii:

• Loa.
• Hulalai.
• IKilauea.
• Haleakala.
• Lō'ihi Seamount.

Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu - omakhelwane ku-Great Hawaii Lō'ihi Seamount - intokazi intabamlilo zasolwandle Haleakala futhi isendaweni esiqhingini Maui. Ukuphakama Loa 4 km 169 m ivolumu lesilinganisiwe -. 75000 km ^3.

Loa has ukuma isihlangu, ngoba lava yayo uketshezi kakhulu, okuyinto ingeyona emithambekeni okusezingeni eliphezulu.

uhlamvu kakhulu ezithakazelisayo iqhuma: ekuqaleni kukhona uqhekeko, kusukela lapho obuphelele yonke we-lava ephumela, kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, futhi ngezinye kakhulu ekupheleni umsebenzi kungabonakala nasemkhakheni kuphela eshisayo.

Lokhu "utshaza" uhlobo kuqhuma - ikhadi of mlilo e-Hawaii.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la Loa?

Zonke izintaba-mlilo of Hawaii - IMauna, Hulalai, iKilauea, Lō'ihi Seamount futhi Haleakala - babe umthombo ovamile. Ngokuqondile ngaphansi iziqhingi kuyinto yokufinyelela, lapho magma ikholomu liphuma ngokuqondile isiphuku emhlabeni.

Lokhu yokufinyelela magma Sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwezigidi eziyishumi ubudala, it is a okunqumayo kudalwa siqhingi chain. Ngenkathi iphuzu osesimweni static, plate Pacific njalo ethubeleza futhi ukuqhela ngonyaka ngo-10 cm. Ngenxa yokuthi uhamba ipuleti, intaba-mlilo uya ezikude kukholamu magma, futhi lapho ekugcineni wathuthela, intaba-mlilo iyavala.

Umlando womsebenzi

Phakathi nocwaningo intabamlilo zohlobo yobudala engamashumi 200,000 zitholakele. Nokho, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isuke kwabheduka eside ngaphambi kokuphela kwalesi sikhathi: okungenani ezingaphezu kuka-700 000-800 000 edlule. Emqansweni sokuqala ngqá Loa obenziwe e 1794.

Ubunjalo nokuqhuma yamuva akuzona eziyingozi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho kuqhuma 1987 akangayiletha izisulu, nakuba umsebenzi ezidlule Loa wayifeza phezu umuzi wonke (Hilo imele ikakhulukazi lava bethukile ageleza yehla lapha ekhulwini le-19). Muva nje, kucelwe ezincane iKilauea ekhuthele kakhulu, ukuze focus zezivakashi kodwa ugxile ke.

Ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo Iningi kaningi Loa aye alotshwa ngesikhathi kulawo masayithi, izintaba, njenge:

• Summit (cishe u-40% wabo bonke nokuqhuma);
• emangala zone Ukungezwani enyakatho-mpumalanga;
• emangala nemifantu wamagatsha ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga kusukela phezulu.

Kusukela ngo-1912, Loa ingaphansi ebhekiwe we Observatory intabamlilo, lapho ososayensi softwe kokubili ukwahluka asemkhathini, futhi iNational Park "Hawaii mlilo", okuyinto oluthatha phezulu futhi ihlanganisa wonke ohlangothini eningizimu-asempumalanga.

Izintaba-mlilo kanye umkhakha izivakashi e-Hawaii

Ocean, isihlabathi esishisayo, evutha ilanga ... Yilokho amahle, kodwa musa oyibonile eyikhulu namashumi lokhu izikhathi, futhi kungaba kuphela ukuze bachithe leso yakho iholide e-Hawaii? Ngaphezu ukulele, surfing idansa komlilo, Hawaii - liphinde inhlonhlo esendaweni mlilo.

Uma ekuqaleni kwaba nzima, kodwa manje ungabona imfihlo kakhulu, amadolobha ethakazelisayo iziqhingi, vele uyibuke emlonyeni Loa. Ukuphakama ngabanye izindawo-panoramic omkhulu ukuze ukuvakasha likhona ezinophephela emhlane lift.

It kungenziwa ngokuthi Uhambo ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kulesi siqhingi:

• akhubeke ukuze IsiQhingi Esikhulu izintaba-mlilo;
• ehamba phezu amashubhu lava;
• panorama of Waikiki;
• National Park iKilauea;
• Volcanology Museum;
• lava ensimini observation kuqhuma okugeza sea izimfudu ogwini black lava;
• uthathe uhambo oluya National Park "Volcano Haleakala" esiqhingini Maui, ukuvelela endizeni ngesikhathi ibambene wentaba (3 km).

Zonke lezi hambo combinable futhi singafaka ezikhangayo eziningana Hawaiian. Kuyinto Yebo, khumbula ukuthi uma ukuvakasha yayihlanganisa indiza kwesinye isiqhingi, kuthatha usuku lonke.