Nafta - kuyinto ... North American Free Trade Zone. Nafta: emigomweni

Nafta - a-North American khulula ukuhweba wokuhambela amagatsha, okwakuhlanganisa isivumelwano phakathi amazwe ezifana Melika, Canada kanye eMexico. Ensimini ka lezi uthi sesakhiwe indawo emakethe olulodwa. Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi kwe-United ka ikhanda layo ngo-1994. Ngaphansi imigomo yezwe sivumelwano, bayingxenye inhlangano, baye bazinikela kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo futhi ususe ngokuphelele amasiko kanye ipasipoti izithiyo. Futhi, isivumelwano yathinteka ukusungula imithetho ukuze kwakhiwe kuncintisana futhi ukudalwa timo letifanele ukunyakaza khulula amasevisi enhlokodolobha.

izici ezingokomthetho

Ngokombono zomthetho Ngenxa Nafta - a yesimanje isivumelwano sase-US-Canadian ku ukuhweba khulula, esasayinwa ngo-1988. Uma sicabanga isivumelwano phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili njengoba enzeka zezombusazwe, kufeza Melika asabela ngayo inqubo format Ukuhlanganiswa yaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nasemfundweni, okwenzeka ngo-1992.

Nafta isekela gxila model of the European Union kule isici ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho. Umehluko uba ukuntuleka kokuzibophezela zezombusazwe ekwakhekeni emizimbeni supranational. Lokhu kungenxa amazwe athuthukile yokuzihlukanisa kwamangqamuzana ngokwemisebenzi yawo: Melika nase-Canada kakhulu athuthukile izifunda, kanye Mexico - yisici ngenkuthalo asathuthuka. Nafta sihluke kakhulu amazwe e-EU ngenani, kodwa lingaphezulu kakhulu kwendlela ke, hhayi kuphela ngokuya kwe-GDP, kodwa futhi ngokuya labantu. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi iyona Nafta - kuyinto inyunyana kwezomnotho esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

Ayini amathemba ngokubambisana kwavulela?

amazwe iLungu Nafta ngokubambisana komhlaba kuya kuqina futhi le ukuhweba kanye nobudlelwane kwezomnotho, ngenxa yalokho akubona kuphela kwavula izindlela ezintsha ukuthuthukiswa, kwakukhona lonke uchungechunge imikhawulo. Melika kancane idluliselwe insimu ka eMexico, ukukhiqizwa yezimboni waqala ukungenisa anhlobonhlobo izimpahla ezivela kulelo zwe ngamanani aphansi njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukungeniswa imikhiqizo efanayo lisuka eMelika.

Okhunye okukhambisana umsebenzi anda US wezabasebenzi njengoba zichichima amandla ku-Mexico. Intensified inkinga ka deflation. Ukuze eMexico, ngivula emakethe US nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile, ivolumu ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle liye landa, kuhlanganise uwukuboleka umnotho yembuso.

Ngokuphathelene izinzuzo zomnotho, abasibekela asathuthuka ukuba uhlamvu eyodwa emaceleni. Nokunonophala wazizwa kuphela into yomntakabani. Ngokuvumelanayo isakhiwo inhlangano nje ezihlangene Canada. UBooysen wakwazi ukusho ukuthi ugweme emikhulu de kwetimboni nge okwandisa nokuthengiswa ezimbonini. Indima eyinhloko iCanada yayiyindawo ukwenza njenge umlamuleli phakathi kwawo-United States kanye namazwe Latin American.

Yini ehlanganisiwe inkolelo yokungafi Nafta?

I okukhethekile zone kwezomnotho kusala iqoqo izivumelwano, okuyinto awasebenzi kuphela amasevisi kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, kodwa futhi kuhlanganisa inyunyana lamazwe kwezomnotho asethuthukile. Amalungiselelo zibandakanya ukuhlinzekwa mayelana nemisebenzi ibhizinisi eNyakatho neMelika zihlanganisa:

• Ukufinyelela ezimakethe utshalomali.
• Iziqinisekiso.
• Usizo futhi amalungelo empahla.
• emisebenzini ethengwa nguhulumeni.
• Izinyathelo ekuhambisaneni nale migomo.
• Ukungena kosomabhizinisi.
• Nengxabano.

Izibopho baMalunga eMibuso

I okukhethekile zone kwezomnotho onikezwe oyilungu yemikhawulo ezithile. Ngakho, Melika, Canada kanye eMexico anesibopho ukugcina amasiko zezinsiza kazwelonke-aspect yohwebo namazwe lwesithathu.

Evunywe ukunyakaza khulula kwezimpahla ngemva kwesikhathi zesikhashana iminyaka engu-10 (ngezinye izikhathi iminyaka engu-15) endaweni ubunye kwezomnotho. Umthetho kuyasebenza futhi izimpahla bachazwa adedelwe e-United States, Mexico nase-Canada. Isivumelwano ihlose ukwenza ngcono izimo kwezinsizakalo zokuhweba, bemisa utshalomali mutual indlela.

Isivumelwano ayethandabuza ngokubuyiselwa kwesikhashana eyisivikelo ezithile izimboni, okuyinto balahlekelwa ngenxa ukungeniswa nezigaba ezithile izimpahla. Nafta amazwe, uhlu okuyinto letinikwe lapha ngenhla, kumele alandele okuhlukile ezithile umbuso jikelele ubudlelwane kwezomnotho khulula.

Kilomlayo

Ngokumelene okwenza wokusungula zone ukuhweba khulula zikhona izikhathi musa nefomethi sivumelwano. Ngakho, enhlanganweni Nafta (North American Free Trade Area) ezisasebenza mazinga alandelayo:

• Mexico agodliwe ilungelo zibeka imingcele imisebenzi angaphandle ingxenye uwoyela.
• Canada unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa Sinqanda ukufinyelela emininingwaneni izingxenye zolwazi ukuthi abe ukubaluleka ezithile-aspect kwamasiko. Lokhu yezokusakaza kanye ukukhiqizwa amafilimu, ukushicilelwa kwamabhuku kanye namarekhodi ukukhiqizwa.
• I-United States lalilokhu ezifanele zokusekela ezingeni kahle amanani yasekhaya, khona kanye nokongiwa tinhlelo tekukhipha imisebenti emkhakheni wezolimo.

Ngokucacile of ukuqedwa imisebenzi

Yonke imikhiqizo kohlaka nokubambisana zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu. Leli qembu umkhakha (ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo nendwangu), ezolimo Iqembu yendwangu nezingubo zokugqoka kukonke. Ukuze isigaba ngasinye mkhiqizo eyinqaba esimisweni sakho ngazinye izimali ukunciphisa. Kumele wathi mayelana nokususwa okuphelele yamanani amaqembu ahlukene imikhiqizo. Esikhathini umgomo isikhathi eside ubunye Nafta ubeka ephawuleka kakhulu. Kungakapheli neminyaka engu-5-15 sihlelwe yokuqeda iningi imisebenzi.

Ukusebenzisa imisebenzi kohlaka inhlangano, njll

Njengengxenye inhlangano Nafta izwe enamalungu engenhla, kukhona 5 izimiso evelele ukuvikelwa zimali angaphandle futhi inhloko-dolobha yabo. Ziyakwazi:

• Ukungabikho kokubandlululwa emkhakheni zimali.
• Ukuqedwa ephelele nezidingo kokubili abatshali bezimali kanye ngeminikelo yabo.
• ukunyakaza Mahhala yazo zonke kwemali imali, okuyinto zihlobene ngokuqondile investimenti.
• Expropriation (Nokho komthetho wamazwe omhlaba).
• Vula ilungelo zisebenza umsebenzi wokwahlulela isikhundla wezizwe owawuseNew khona ukwephulwa zoMthetho isivumelwano.

Isivumelwano sihlinzekela yimaphi ukwephulwa of amalungelo endawo ku zemvume, izimpawu zokuhweba kanye empahla. umthetho yamanje, okuvumela ukucacisa indawo ukukhiqizwa lezimpahla. Ngakho, umkhiqizo inikezwe uHulumeni endaweni lapho wayekade ukucutshungulwa enkulu (libalwa).

imigomo inhlangano

Nafta - emikhulu yesifunda khulula-trade zone elinabantu phakathi 406 million abantu futhi GDP ahlangene we $ 10.3 trillion. Ukwakhiwa Ngohlelo ngenxa yenani nemingcele kanye nohlu Izinjongo, okwakukhona lokusamele kwentiwe. I izimfanelo likasoseshini zimi kanje:

• Ukwakheka Nafta ngenxa ukusondela ezindawo ka the oyilungu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo somnotho, kunjengokungathi eziqinisanayo. Isici esifanayo iye yabangela futhi inhlangano isakhiwo naphthyl. Yindlunkulu sokusebenzisana noyedwa. Ziyakwazi ezintathu: e Ottawa, Washington futhi eMexico City.
• Phakathi uthi ikhona eduze ubudlelwane futhi ukuhweba ubudlelwane bezomnotho njalo, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukunwetshwa nokubambisana ezimbonini.
• Ngo-Canada ne Mexico, inani izinkampani US basuke ehlelekile anda. EMelika vuma zamazwe ngamazwe Canadian.
• Ngezenzo eqinisa isikhundla hhayi kuphela EU kodwa futhi Japan.

Kuyabonakala, inhlangano Nafta kwamiswa kungaziphi izizathu. Ukubamba iqhaza emazweni, asayine isivumelwano, ngaphezu ukuphumelela ngokubambisana futhi waphishekela imigomo. Lokhu ukwanda ukuhweba ngokusebenzisa ukuqedwa mngcele, ukudala indawo enempilo yokuncintisana, abatshali zimali, ukuhlinzeka ezingeni lelisetulu Ukuvikelwa kwempahla yengqondo. Inyunyana akusho kunciphe futhi namuhla, sanda sphere yayo ithonya.