National Strategy Sustainable Development

Simelele Uhulumeni waseRussia isu lentuthuko eqhubekayo kuya 2020, okuthiwa - "Strategy 2020". Kwasebenza kuso ngaphezu ochwepheshe ayizinkulungwane lumelele unyaka, futhi ngo-2011 ngosizo ochwepheshe kanye-HSE RANHiGS babhekana ngohlelo. Lena yi-version of the ukuthuthukiswa kwe-CRA (ukuthuthukiswa eside umqondo), inguqulo yokuqala yaqedwa ngo-2007 i-Ministry of Economic Development kanye nezinye izinhlaka yesibili, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwa egameni likaMengameli we-Russian Federation.

Inketho yokuqala

Concept (Strategy) Sustainable Development kule nguqulo yokuqala lwenzelwe ukukhomba izindlela ukuqinisekisa eside, esimeme inhlalakahle izakhamuzi Russian, ukuvikeleka kwezwe, ukuthuthukiswa ashukumisayo komnotho, eqinisa isikhundla Russia emphakathini wonke. Ukuthuthukiswa lwalungaba ngombono kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2020, kanye nombhalo wayo wokugcina (CRA 2020), uhulumeni wagunyaza ngoNovemba 2008.

Ukubukeka ukhetho lwesibili kwakudingekile ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Icebo intuthuko eqhubekayo kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu ngesikhathi lapho imizamo ebalulekile kokuntengantenga kwezimali kanye nezomnotho zamazwe ngamazwe. Nakuba lo mqondo yasungulwa, akunjalo wayo oye wathonya bonke amazwe, kuphela athuthukile, lapho Russian Federation, akazange asifake isicelo. Nokho, isu egunyazelwe ukwenza intuthuko eqhubekayo kwaba ekwindla ka-2008, lapho isimo esibucayi waya ezweni lethu. Ukugcwaliseka kwazo ezindala zishintsha ngokushesha, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi ngisho ngesikhathi lapho kwemukelwa nomqondo zonke postulates zawo zazilotshiwe yisikhathi.

Inkinga

Inkinga sekubangele ebukhali kakhulu, futhi ukuwa kwangempela zonke izinkomba zomnotho, ngakho-ke inombolo enkulu reference amaphuzu, ngisho Isigaba sokuqala se-CRA 2020 waphenduka unfeasible. National Sustainable Development Strategy ekuqaleni ayehlanganisa inkathi 2007 kuya kowezi-2012. Kwakuhlelwe ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, sifinyelele ukwanda bempilo ngeminyaka emibili nengxenye.

GDP kufanele ukhule ngamaphesenti amathathu nesishiyagalombili isenti zokukhiqiza ukukhula ngayinye amaphesenti amane nanye. GDP kufanele sinciphise amandla ukusetshenziswa ukuze amaphesenti nesishiyagalolunye. Imiholo yabantu Real kuhlelwa ukwandisa ngamashumi ayisihlanu nane amaphesenti. Zikhona nezinye izimpawu zendawo eziningi, ukufeza lelo thuba neze efika.

Eyesibili isizathu

Ngu ubunjalo ukuthuthukiswa kazwelonke isu lentuthuko eqhubekayo enguqulweni yakhe yokuqala kwaba ngokusobala bethula lapho kuboniswe yamila zonke zokubekisa ambalwa ezidinga lekumele azuzwe ngo-2020, ikakhulukazi endaweni ngayinye. Nokho, izinkinga ebhekene nomphakathi Russian kanye umnotho walo, ziyahlaziywa ngokuningiliziwe kwakungafanele. Indlela ekuzuzeni umgomo ngamunye zavela declaratively.

Ngokwesibonelo: ". It uzobe akha umphakathi okwakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sokuphendula litsemba lemmango izikhungo zezomnotho ezimele kanye nekahulumeni nokwehlukana Social uzokwehla ngenxa amathuba alinganayo kuzo zonke izizinda zokuphila kanye ncono kwesive, izinqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle ukusekela izigaba sengozini sabantu kanye nokuhlanganiswa ababaleki." Yiqiniso, amazwi anjengokuthi kungaba elikhulu kuphela ikhala wokulahlekelwa bakhe bangaphakathi.

Eyesibili inketho

Russian Federation Sustainable Development Strategy enguqulweni yayo yesibili yasungulwa ngo-2011 ngu-oda kukaNdunankulu. Isazi amaqembu badalwa inani amabili nanye, okwaholela Ukuhwebelana phakathi amanyuvesi amabili - i-HSE futhi RANHiGS omongameli zabo uVladimir Mau futhi Yaroslav Kuzmin. Kwathatha mpikiswano, tingcoco nalabakufundze emihlanganweni angamakhulu amaningana. Sustainable Development Strategy Russia bahlakulele baseRussia hhayi kuphela - engaphezu kwekhulu ochwepheshe abavela kwamanye amazwe ukuba bahlanganyele ekudaleni uhlelo ngenxa yokuphila ikusasa sokubhekakade yethu lokhokho.

Phakathi abaseRussia, ukudala uhlelo esiphila manje elisonyakeni walo lwesikhombisa kuthiwa, ngokukhethekile, wasebenza: Lev Yakobson, Evsey Gurvich, uSergei Drobyshevskiy uVladimir Gimpelson Ksenia Yudaeva, Isak Froumin, u-Alexander Auzan, Mikhail Blinkin nabanye abaningi. Sahlangana njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi izinto ishicilelwe amakhasi ewebhu enikelwe "2020 Strategy". imihlangano eminingi yayiqhutshwa imodi evulekile, iqembu ikhokhwe a lot of ukunakwa yabezindaba. Sustainable Development Strategy weRiphabhulikhi athuthukile cishe kuwo wonke amazwe CIS - Kazakhstan, Belarus nabanye.

umbiko Final

Ochwepheshe ihlukaniswe umsebenzi walo ngezigaba ezimbili. Ihafu yokuqala ka-2011, kuze kube Agasti, sengifunde okukhethwa kukho kanye izinyathelo ezihlakaniphile ezivumelana lesi senzakalo. Ngemva kwalokho, uhulumeni wanikwa umbiko wesikhashana Amakhasi anamakhulu mathandathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zezinkonzo kanye ejensi esixoxe kunquma isiqondiso salo ukuphothula idokhumenti. Umbiko yahunyushwa ngo volume of ikhasi ayisishiyagalombili namashumi ayisithupha nane ngu-December 2011, futhi ngo-March 2012, isu lentuthuko eqhubekayo izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho kule nguqulo entsha yanyatheliswa (ngaphansi igama eside).

Sacela abantu

Ngo-2012, senza leyinye ukuze kucaciswe ubudlelwane emikhakheni eyehlukene umphakathi letiphakamiso eziqukethwe "Strategy 2020". Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le dokhumenti watholakala abaphikisi ezingaphezu kuka abasekeli.

izikhalazo ikakhulukazi bafaka ukuba izinto zilethwa Group 3 (Xenia Yudaeva, Tatyana Maleva), ziye zasungula kabusha kohlelo yempesheni, iqembu 5 (Leonid Hochberg), eyayilandisa kwathatha emisha yanda, iqembu 6 (Alexander Galushko Sergey Drobyshevskiy) - ku inqubomgomo yentela , iqembu 7 (Vladimir Gimpelson nabanye) ku kumandla, inqubomgomo ukufuduka kwabantu nokungabi zokuba umuntu aqeqeshelwe amakhono.

iqembu Umsebenzi 8 (Isak Froumin Anatoly Kasprzhak) maqondana isikole esisha sola zonke ngothi lwawo. Akekho babekholelwa okutholakele Vladimira Nazarova noPauline Kozyrevoj ku zokunciphisa ukungalingani nobumpofu nokunciphisa. Gref isiJalimane Oleg Viyugin wenqaba ochwepheshe. Njalo njalo. Abantu lokuthuthuka komnotho we isu hhayi intshiseko kancane akuzange kumenze.

isakhiwo

Ezahlukweni "Strategy 2020" amabili nanhlanu, okuyinto zihlelwe ezigabeni eziyisithupha. Futhi kukhona kulesi sicelo dokhumenti, elichaza "iqhinga kwezimali" (ushintsho isabelomali sikahulumeni), uhlu izinyathelo indlela yokuthuthuka ngamunye, eyayibonakala futhi babuyekeze ngochwepheshe. Izingxenye idokhumenti zihlanganisa:

1. imodeli omusha wokukhula.

2. Macroeconomics. Imibandela eziyisisekelo sokukhula.

3. inqubomgomo Komphakathi. capital womuntu.

4. Ingqalasizinda. ezenza, ukuthuthukiswa olinganiselayo.

5. Umbuso ngempumelelo.

6. imvilophi yentuthuko.

"Isu 2020" futhi ukuthi, kanti kwesinye samuntu, imizamo ukubophela kwelinye inqola "ngenkabi bethuthumela yensikazi". Yiqiniso, kudingeka model entsha sokukhula komnotho kanye nenqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle. Umnotho Kwakumelwe nakanjani kabusha: leholele esibucayi, zakuleli yaqala ukwehla, futhi inguqulo yokuqala yesigodi ethi "isu" sasisekelwe ukuphakama kwakhe. nokuthengiswa Russian kabusha cishe ngokuphelele sibonga unswinyo langena, ngakho-ke, ukugxila intengo wangaphambili alusho lutho. Nokho, "Strategy 2020" nayo wawuqhela nezimemezelo nakancane: lelive lidzinga ukukhula komnotho okungenani ezinhlanu ngonyaka per cent, kungekho isidingo ukusekela ku ukuthekelisa of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye kabusha izinsiza kuzo zonke izingxenye, lapho kahle ongaphakeme. Ingabe ikude ngokoqobo yethu?

iqhinga

Umqondo oyinhloko we "Strategy-2020" - lo iqhinga elifanayo, okuyinto kwaba ukuvumela ukubandakanywa izici ngaphambilini engasetshenziswanga nokuncintisana. Ngokwesibonelo, ezifana. Ikhwalithi ephezulu womuntu abangaba ngokwesayensi. Kuphi? Phakathi blue-collar Sekuyisikhathi eside imisebenzi uphelelwa ochwepheshe, ngoba azikho izimboni, akukho imfundo abafanele nesayensi Russian emsebenzini engcono - asisihle kakhulu - ku eziyinkimbinkimbi kwezempi-industrial kanye umkhakha isikhala, omningi walo izingqondo engcono kudala ukusebenza phesheya ezweni.

inqubomgomo Social yakhiwe ngochwepheshe ngendlela evikelwe izithakazelo abantu abampofu musa, futhi ungqimba nokobana ukuthuthukiswa ezintsha, ie, wasenganekwaneni "middle class" esifanayo, ikhono lokukhetha noma iyiphi model of ukusetshenziswa kanye nabasebenzi. Ochwepheshe Kusolwa e imodeli zabo Ukuwohloka okuqhubekayo kwamandla emali, ukwamukela imithetho emisha yebhajethi ukuthi ngabe elawula izindleko kwesabelomali (kuye ngokuthi intengo kawoyela). Babebheka ukukhula izindleko ayizwakali futhi engenabulungisa, futhi yilokho kubonakala ukuzinza kwesithiyo futhi isabelomali olinganiselayo. Kakade eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela lapho kusobala ukuthi inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle nakanjani ochwepheshe phesheya abantu. Imvelo bangaphandle asizange sibe maqondana nebhizinisi kangako ubudlova ibhizinisi sezulu, ngaphandle ngcono, sokuncintisana, mhlawumbe walondoloza, kodwa hhayi wonke.

Izwe post-zezimboni

Ochwepheshe babone umnotho wethu kule, post-ezimbonini, izimboni eduze esizayo inkonzo-based, okuyinto bagxile ekuthuthukiseni capital womuntu, okungukuthi, kungcono emnothweni, okuyinto kuyoba ebaluleke kakhulu imithi, imfundo, abezindaba kanye nobuchwepheshe bolwazi, ngisho design. Kukhona nakanjani inzuzo yokuncintisana kungaba ukube kwakungengenxa frittered away by enganele njalo kuzo zonke izinhlelo zomphakathi, kanye ngenxa ukuphathwa kahle kakhulu.

"Isu 2020" ingathanda ukubuyisela futhi baqinise kwalezi zimo ezinhle eyayikuzo ngokuqhathanisa izwe lethu emkhakheni wezokwelapha, imfundo kanye namasiko, kodwa kuphi manje? Labo-human resources ezibe yokuncintisana, siguge, futhi imfundiso entsha kakade ezimbi kakhulu. Waphatha odokotela abasha manje umane scary ukufunda kusukela othisha abasha cishe lutho, ne isiko, futhi, lutho okuhle okwenzekile okwamanje.

iqhinga ngaphezulu

Ngu emnothweni post-zezimboni, futhi izwe kumele wenze lokhu "iqhinga kwezimali", okungukuthi, ukushintsha imigomo isabelomali izindleko. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa 2020 zizobhekela ingqalasizinda amaphesenti amane GDP enkulu, futhi isabelo sezimali, ukunciphisa izindleko elifanayo ezine per cent ezindaweni zokuphepha ukuzivikela, e kokuchitha ku apharathasi isimo, kanye nokunciphisa uxhaso ukuze amabhizinisi. izakhamuzi ezivamile Russia ezingxoxweni yaleli su "iqhinga" abangu wahlambalaza, ukushaya leli cebo ukungabi qotho, abanye ngisho wasebenzisa igama elithi "ukuketula".

Kunoma yikuphi, izazi enikeziwe ezingaphezu kweyodwa simo ngoba ohlangothini ngalunye: uma izinguquko abakhuthele ngokwanele yini - ukwenza simo inertial, kanye kanzima, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho amaqembu musa isinxephezelo nokulahlekelwa, nokuningi simo athuthukile, izinguquko ezifanele, lapho izithakazelo amaqembu iqhaza ziyabhekelelwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Abezombusazwe ukhethe kuyinkambo engcono kakhulu.

Ochwepheshe kanye neziphathimandla

Lapho umbiko wokugcina yanyatheliswa, curators yalo msebenzi wancika ukusekelwa kwemibandela ngokuvuma iziphakamiso main ngumengameli futhi uhulumeni, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwemibono ababekhona ekuqaleni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene ekutjhugululweni impesheni.

Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi zoMthetho "Strategy 2020" kakade emananini uhlelo imisebenzi zikahulumeni: kuba inkinga yokupaka in enhlokodolobha (kumbhali Mikhail Blinkin), Ministry of Finance kanye Ministry of Economic Development basebenzisa umthetho kwezimali, elawula ezingeni debt umphakathi futhi isabelomali imali, isibonelo. Pension kabusha sidlula phezu iziphakamiso "Strategy 2020", okuyinto nengxoxo asebenzayo futhi imizwelo kakhulu. Singathini mayelana kabusha kwezindlu kanye nezinsiza ohlanganyelwe ...

jikelele

Isu lokuthuthukiswa kwabantu okusimeme nekuchazwa ngo-1987 futhi wazitholela yiKhomishana International, futhi namuhla kuseyimpikiswano yabaholi bezwe. Isitatimende ngokubaluleka lolu daba kwase kuqala yamemezela ngo-UN General Assembly. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emazweni amaningi (neRussia ethile) sebemukele isimiso ukuthuthukiswa ohlinzekela yimaphi isimo futhi temphakatsi lokuxoxela izizukulwane ezizayo, ukuqinisekisa ukwaneliseka baba nezidingo ezithile.

izici ezemvelo isu lentuthuko eqhubekayo lesintu lalala yokuthi kubalulekile ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba heterogeneity zezimiso zezenhlalo. Ukuze lelisu isimiso nomthwalo izakhamuzi inhlalakahle izizukulwane ezizayo bekulokhu imodeli ngekusasa impucuko, lapho izindawo ezintathu exhunywe: kwezomnotho, zezenhlalo nezemvelo. Isu lentuthuko eqhubekayo imvelo, isibonelo, kumele uholele ekuniketeni ukuzinza izimiso zokusebenza kwemvelo le planethi, ukuqeda izinsongo ukuba khona abantu.