Kuyini idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke waseFenike?

EFenike unendawo ebalulekile kakhulu ezweni lasendulo. Lesi simo ayesuka Egypt eMesopotamiya is eseduze ogwini olusempumalanga kahle noLwandle LwaseMedithera. Izakhamuzi zezwe bakwazi ukwakha impucuko athuthukile nge yezandla, isiko ocebile futhi ukuhweba zasolwandle. ngokubhala abaseFenike ingenye endala emlandweni womuntu. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ithonywe kumiswa izinhlamvu ngesiGreki. Zenith impucuko waseFenike ezenzeka esikhathini iminyaka 1200-800 BC.

Elikhulu kunawo wonke umuzi waseFenike

Incazelo enjalo singasebenza izikhungo eziningana ezibalulekile ogwini Mediterranean lasendulo. U-Adalberto isikhathi eside ukuba khona emadolobheni impucuko ezahlukene safinyelela zidla izambane likapondo kanye nokwehla. Ngakho, waseFenike idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke inkathi ngaphambili - kuyinto naseSidoni. Okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi bathonywa iThire ikakhulukazi iBhayibheli.

neSidoni

nomcebo wabo nayo amandla alo muzi wasendulo waseFenike, njengalo lonke impucuko kwakudingeka ubudlelwane olubanzi commercial futhi esebenzayo ukuhweba lwasolwandle nasezweni. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, neSidoni isigaba esithile elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile zezwe lasendulo kwezinye yezandla. Ngokwesibonelo, ingilazi ikhiqizwa, kanye upende onsomi, futhi kamuva ifinyelele okusezingeni eliphezulu zethusi ekubunjweni kanye jewelry ukwenziwa. Kakade xv-XIV eminyaka neSidoni kuyinto elaliyisikhungo esibalulekile kwamasiko.

Byblos

Ubelokhu eyaziwa kusukela IV yeminyaka BC. Nokho, zezimbali isikhungo weqiniso aqala nge ekupheleni II yeminyaka, wadonsa kwaze kwaba ukunqoba Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Lona idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke waseFenike yayisiboshwe kaningi okukhulunywa ngabo eBhayibhelini ebizwa ngokuthi kukhona Gebalom. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le ethekwini in Ancient Greece amazwe-papyrus, kungani kwaba ngo izwe lasendulo, igama "Byblos", okwakunginika, esikhundleni salokho, igama edume kakhulu emhlabeni yencwadi.

Idolobha elikhulu impucuko waseFenike inyamalala

AbaseFenike, amaGreki, futhi kamuva wasebenza njengomsizi kakhulu ngenkuthalo ekwandiseni khona layo eMedithera ngokusebenzisa kumila ikholomu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, amanye amadolobha waseFenike waqala njengoba settlement wamakoloni kude ezweni umama, kamuva kwaphenduka ngokwabo e enamandla edolobheni-state. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke lezi kuyinto iCarthage. Abaphikisi uyakufanelekela iningi eRoma okwamholela eside ZabaseCarthage neMpi e III-II eminyaka BC. Lo muzi eyasungulwa bamakoloni kusukela uhlobo ekupheleni BC IX leminyaka. Ngemva ukuncipha okukhulu ithonya yayo yangaphambili eMedithera waseFenike iCarthage kungenzeka unganiki ngokwabo izolo amakoloni waseFenike. Kakade BC III ekhulwini, kuye kwaba imfundo ngobukhulu zeningi kulo lonke elase esisentshonalanga yeMedithera. Yena subordinated ukuze eNyakatho Afrika, eSicily, eSardinia Corsica, Southern Spain. Nokho, iCarthage ebhekene abaphikisi Iyafaneleka ngokwabo ngisho nalapho bebhekene a young Roman Republic. Uchungechunge lezimpi ntshashintshe okuphumelela abuqede kwekubuswa abaseFenike ezinsukwini zokugcina iMedithera.