Nethempeli Martyr Nikita ku Staraya Basmannaya: incazelo

Kuwo wonke amabandla e Moscow Church of Martyr Nikita ku Staraya Basmannaya Street ingenye omdala. isisekelo salo sihlehlela emuva wokubusa Ivana Groznogo uyise ─ Grand Prince Vasily III. izindonga eyayisekhona khumbula A. S. Pushkina, P. A. Vyazemskogo, K. N. Batyushkova, Marina Tsvetaeva F. S. Rokotova. Njengazo zonke lasendulo lesikhumbuzo, lelibandla ine ekhethekile indaba.

Corner of eMoscow ubudala

Old Basmannaya emgwaqweni esasilaliswe kulo endaweni lapho Umgwaqo oxhumanisa inhlokodolobha kuya kweleshumi XVII ne nesifunda eMoscow emzaneni Yelokhovo ayesesifundeni esikhundleni okwamanje endaweni Yelokhovskaya, futhi eminye esehudulelwa suburban zokuhlala bobukhosi Izmailovo futhi isibanda-Pokrovskoye.

Ngalesi sikhathi kweqiniso nemfundo Basman isiphetho, ogama lakhe livela, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, kusukela Tatar elithi "Basma", okusho ukuthi i embossing lesikhumba, sensimbi noma isinkwa. Lokhu kukuvumela ukwakha ezihlukahlukene ezizathwini mayelana nomsebenzi zezakhamuzi zokuhlala.

Shrine of Vladimir

Isihlobo ukuze umlando ibandla Martyr Nikita ku Staraya Basmannaya kukhona isiko ingxenye kuphela kulwelwe londoloza idokhumenti. Ngokusho umlando, entwasahlobo ka 1518 kuya update sidilizwa ke kwalethwa esuka uVladimir isithonjana ngokuyisimangaliso UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, futhi nalo umfanekiso LikaKristu UMsindisi. Lo msebenzi wathatha ngonyaka, ngemva kwalokho izinsalela ezimbili wathwalwa emuva uVladimir, kokuba wahlela ukuba kulesi senzakalo udwendwe onesizotha.

Yayisekelwe Kuyinkolelo-ze uthi ngosuku olulodwa kuhlelwe umqhele esontweni lokhuni eyakhelwe ngomyalo Grand Prince Vasily III izakhamuzi Basman zokuhlala. Uma sicabangela esiyingqopha ezinjalo, udwendwe aphambuka umzila kuhlelwe ngaphambi waya endaweni celebration.

Stone ethempelini ehlaselwe umlilo

Nge kulokhu, ngokhuni isonto lokuzehlukanisela yokudumisa uVladimir Isithonjana uNina kaNkulunkulu. Njengoba lokhu kwenzeka 15 (28) September, lomkhosi Omkhulu Martyr Nikita, e neminyaka eyikhulu eyalandela, lapho indawo yayo lakhiwa esontweni itshe, ke ingezwe ku-Chapel abazinikezele kuleli saint. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isonto lokuqala Martyr Nikita ku Staraya Basmannaya.

Eyakhelwe-1685, it yabhidlika kabana ngesikhathi umlilo, okwenzeka kamuva kwamashumi amahlanu. Umonakalo sasisikhulu kangangokuba emva umsebenzi kwenziwe abakwazi alulame ngokugcwele ukubukeka yayo yangaphambili. Ikakhulukazi ngokucijile komkhondo le nhlekelele yamuva wama phandle ngokumelene elalizokwakhiwa e 1728. iSt Peter futhi St Paul, akuyona kude futhi wabulawa ngendlela wesikhathi isitayela Baroque. Kukholakala ukuthi ukwakhiwa yesonto wenziwa oda siqu UPetru I.

Umqondo esungula ibandla elisha

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi mgwaqo Old Basmannaya ufulathele enkabeni yedolobha, phakathi nekhulu XVIII lalibhekwa endaweni ehlonishwayo kakhulu. Yena ixazululwe abathengisi ocebile hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwamadoda asebukhosini, okuyiwona amasonto eMoscow bezilokhu isihloko ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kuthinta ukwazi zenkolo abantu ngezinhlanga nokuqhosha ngohlanga. Lokho izikhulu okuqaliswe ukwakhiwa yesonto entsha Martyr Nikita ku Staraya Basmannaya. Ngakho inhloso ezinhle eyathinta phakathi kwabantu abavamile-dolobha.

Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ukwakhiwa kwethempeli, kufanele uthole imvume eliphakeme. Futhi 1745, isicelo okuhambisanayo yalotshelwa iNdlovukazi Elizabeth. Ngemva kokunikeza kwemvume yakhe, iNdlovukazi ukuxazululwa ukwahlukaniselwa omunye ilinganiselwe behlonipha Ioanna Krestitelya usanta main ─ hramozdatelya, inhlangano yomthengisi lokuqala Ivan Rybnikov, ogama iminikelo babé isizinda sezimali ukwakhiwa esizayo.

Ukwakhiwa ithempeli elisha Nikita

Mayelana negama umakhi owadala ethempelini yephrojekthi wawuqondisa umsebenzi okwalandela yi abacwaningi kungekho ukuvumelana, kodwa iningi lawo athambekele ekukholelweni ukuthi baye e ukufuneka kakhulu kuleyo minyaka, wezakhiwo D. V Uhtomsky. Abanye bathi nodumo Karl elingenalutho nangokuthi Alexei Evlashevu.

Ukwakhiwa esontweni ngo-1751. Nakuba yesonto main lanikezelwa yokudumisa uVladimir Isithonjana UnguNina KaNkulunkulu, ibandla phakathi kwabantu, efana eyandulela wakhe, waqala ukuba ngokuthi Nikita. Ukuze amaKristu adumise umakhi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokudala entsha, uye wakwazi ukulondoloza ngokucophelela ifa endala. Ngaphandle abachitha izindonga lasendulo, umakhi ngobuciko kabusha, ukudala ihholo lokudlela nge aisles ezimbili. Ngecala lasentshonalanga ezaziphase isakhiwo, wakha i nenhle ezintathu-level isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi, kwakheka izikebhe bendabuko okungukuthi ngempela uhambisane nezidingo zomthetho Petrine inkathi.

Kuvele wobuciko wezakhiwo Old Basman Street

Ngesisekelo ivolumu eyinhloko isakhiwo nisezimweni yendabuko octagon isikhathi nzima nge ukukhonza ngasempumalanga Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba (Igumbi choir), futhi ohlangothini olusentshonalanga - kompheme ─ isandiso sise emnyango. amasango Southern nasenyakatho zethempeli ehlotshiswe porticos ezihlotshisiwe. Impumelelo undoubted wezakhiwo kwaba Dome ehlotshiswe nxazonke kanye sigubhu ophela, isipikili ngokwenza cupola encane.

Lasekuqaleni umbala olungaphambili lwesonto isinqumo isakhiwo, umlilo sobala, ngokuphambene esimhlophe stucco imihlobiso, izindonga obomvu kanye esikhanya ilanga Dome segolide. Nethempeli Martyr Nikita ku Staraya Basmannaya ubhekwa wobuciko neyaziwayo we baraque Elizabethan.

besonto eqaphelekayo

Umlilo esabekayo eMoscow ngo 1812, ngenhlanhla, basindiswa isonto Nikitskaya kanye izakhiwo eduze, ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo omkhulu kubo. Ekuqaleni kwe-XIX leminyaka Staraya Basmannaya Street phakathi wesifunda ahlukile kunawo eMoscow akuyona wawungaphansi Arbat futhi Prechistenka e sitfunti salo. Khona-ke eminyakeni eyalandela wakhe sokunethezeka baba besonto St Nicholas eSontweni osaziwayo abaningi.

Phakathi kwabo, hero of the Russian-Turkish impi, induna abadumile, Bala PA Rumyantsev, idayimane edume Prince AB Kurakin, uyise alaba bazalwane abathathu we Decembrists uHippolytus, uMathewu Sergey ─ Ivan Muravyov-Apostol, uyisekazi ka-Alexander Pushkin ─ Vasiliy Lvovich, kanye nabanye abaningi abashiya iminonjana emlandweni wezwe.

Nikita ukuthi ithempeli nosaziwayo saziwa. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX omunye wabo kwaba Archdeacon Michael Kholmogorov, has a omangalisayo bass izwi yokuthi simlalele ngaso sonke isikhathi izixuku zabantu. Abalandeli shayela Thixo yabo yesibili Chaliapin.

Usizi lokukhulelwa ekhulwini XX

Ehlobo lika-1905 esontweni Kwakukhona umlilo umlilo owabulala kakhulu ngihloniphekile besonto isithombe Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Nakuba-ke kwenzeka ngephutha izikhonzi eminyakeni ezayo phezu komlilo zikhunjulwe sohlobo oluthile sikhanyisamcondvo lwenhlekelele eyehlela iRussia ngemva amaBolshevik athatha izintambo.

Ngemva ethempelini Okthoba Revolution Nikita ukukhonza uNkulunkulu futhi amadoda iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuphela. Ngo-1933, ngokwemibiko ye-uhlelo, evunywe eMoscow City Council, endaweni yayo saba ukwakha nesakhiwo samahhovisi. Kule ndaba, kwaba khona isinqumo phezu Ukuvalwa kanye ukubhidliza izakhiwo zethempeli. Izikhungo kwakuqoshwe kunqanyulwe, futhi yonke impahla baphanga waphakamisela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo besabisa iziphathimandla abangu ngaphansi abamele abefundisi kuphela, futhi abantu besonto abavamile. Abaningi babo ngalezo zinsuku, wahlatshwa ngesikhathi Butovo elidumile.

Iminyaka wokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu Imininingwane

Ngenhlanhla, isinqumo kubhidlizwe ithempeli ngokushesha kukhanselwe, bese uyibeka eminyakeni isetshenzisiwe izidingo ezihlukahlukene yasendlini. Acela zonke izindonga ukuhlobisa nabo stucco futhi wabhubhisa ingxenye izimbobo ocingweni olubiyele, abanikazi abasha benze impilo kuwo umoya ukuzivikela inkonzo sokuqeqeshwa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yena salandelwa behlaliswe ngaphakathi kwezindonga ethempelini Warehouse ka-Ministry of Culture, khona-ke yanika endaweni yakhe ehostela ukusebenza.

Esikhathini 60s, naphezu kwemizamo umkhankaso anti-zenkolo wezwe, Nikita ukungena ethempelini eziningi izikhumbuzo nakumasiko wokuvikela wombuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umzamo wokuqala ifake isandla ekubuyiselweni kwalo kwenziwa. Nokho, kwaba nemiphumela emikhulu senziwa, ngenxa yokuthi isakhiwo saqhubeka sisetshenziswa nezinye izinjongo.

Ukubuyiselwa ubulungiswa zomlando

Ingxenye nomsebenzi wokuvuselela umhlaba ngemva uqalisiwe in the 80s, kodwa ngokugcwele yakwazi nokuqalisa kuphela emva 1994 Nethempeli Martyr Nikita wayiswa Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwaba ukunikezelwa kwesibili izimisele.

Namuhla, yena liyingxenye deaneries we Epiphany, ngokuhlanganisa ezifundeni elise endaweni Krasnoselsky, Basmanny kanye Central kwesiFunda enhlokodolobha. Le yunithi isonto-zokuphatha yadalwa 1996. Okwamanje Bogoyavlenskoye Deanery iphethwe Umphathi St Nicholas Church intercession, Archimandrite Dionysios (Shishigin).

Buyela izimpande okungokomoya

Kanye kulo lonke elaseRussia, iningi emathempelini eMoscow besifunda-bhishobhi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia namhlanje befundisa futhi esikhungweni semfundo, ogama msebenzi ukugcwalisa izikhala emkhakheni wolwazi zenkolo esiqubukile sabantu phakathi neminyaka kwamandla Soviet.

Iyathinteka Nethempeli Martyr Nikita, lapho isikole ngeSonto. It has ithuba ukufunda izisekelo zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni izingane nje kuphela kodwa futhi abazali babo. Awu umcabango ukuphuma uhlelo lokufundisa kuvumela abafundi ukuba siqonde umsuka impilo engokomoya yezwe lenkaba yawo.