Ngemizimba - Iyini? Yiziphi kwezitho kanjani umehluko?

Uyini iziphathimandla? Lo mbuzo ungase ulandele izimpendulo eziningi ezingafani. Thola ukuthi yini incazelo izwi, kulokho izindawo isetshenziswa.

Iziphathimandla - ke ... Incazelo

elithi kudide futhi isetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningana. Kusukela umbono iziphathimandla kwesokudla - kukhona izinhlangano, izikhungo ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile kanye nemisebenzi empilweni yomphakathi. Ngokuvamile leli gama itholakala biology, okubonisa ingxenye ophilayo umzimba - isilwane, isitshalo, ukhunta noma womuntu ukuthi imisebenzi ethize.

Uma ubheka, zonke izincazelo, nakuba zivela ezizindeni eziningi ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene, babe nezici ezifanayo. Ziyakwazi eduze ukubaluleka lwesithathu, lapho izidumbu - kuba izibhamu, amathuluzi, amathuluzi. Futhi izici begazi futhi esemthethweni Authority iyingxenye ohlelweni, isixhumanisi ukuthi ine imisebenzi yayo kanye nemisebenzi. Okungukuthi, kuyindlela ukuze zithole imiphumela yayo.

Ngo umzimba womuntu isitho uhlelo uyinto ezingaphili esekela izimpilo zethu. Kuhlelo umphakathi ukuthi limelela inhlangano esinabantu eziningana ezihilelekile kule impilo yomphakathi. Igama ungayithola enye by umzimba? Synonym "ithuluzi" mhlawumbe kangcono.

Izilawuli

Isakhiwo, okuyinto ophethe noma amahhovisi athile, ibizwa ngokuthi ukuphathwa umzimba. Kungase sibhekisele esimweni, umphakathi, amabhizinisi. Ezimweni eziningi, izitho zihlukaniswe ezinkulu nezincane. Ngo commerce umzimba zokuphatha main kungenzeka, isibonelo, ibhodi yabaqondisi, uma inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe.

I nohulumeni amelwa izikhungo ezahlukene kanye nezinhlangano ukuthi kungenzeka eqondile (Wezangaphakathi, uMongameli we-Russian Federation, kanye nabanye.) Noma generalized, ezifana Izikhungo Federal nokunye. D. Bonke zihlukaniswe engenhla, aphansi, wendawo, isimo, imithetho yombuso kanye central, zehlukene kangakanani ithonya layo.

ama-apharathasi State emazweni ahlukahlukene kuhluke isakhiwo sabo. It kuncike uhlobo lukahulumeni (ohlanga, republic nokunye. D.), Umbuso (intando yeningi, ekhona ngesikhathi kubusa umashiqela, nokunye. D.), Lesi sigaba zezombusazwe-indawo yezwe (ukuzimela Unitarianism, nokunye. D.). Isici elivamile laso sonke kuba phambi izilawuli kanye nokuqiniseka.

Kule ndaba, izidumbu ophakeme - i executive (umongameli, nkosi), namajaji (Ephakeme, maphakathi, etinkantolo letiphansi), isishayamthetho (iphalamende, le Duma shura) kwamandla. Emazweni zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni wobushiqela, bahlukene zezinkantolo, ihhovisi lomshushisi, iziphathimandla kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

Jikelele uhlelo umzimba

Animal Kingdom kuhlanganisa ezihlukahlukene omkhulu zezinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nabantu. Izidumbu zabo zihlukile kuye iqembu ukuba bangabayiphi, kodwa kukhona ukufana. isitho izinhlelo ezinkulu okukhona phakathi kwezilwane:

• Zemisipha.
• Wokugaya ukudla.
• Excretory.
• Zaphansi.
• Ngethukile.
• Breathing.
• Enamathela.
• Immune.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo isakhiwo ukwanda umzimba kusukela ephansi kuya nezidalwa ephakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, bakudala e oyiyo flatworms akudingeki imikhono, imilente, tinyawo, zokuphefumula, imithambo yegazi, ngokungafani ezincelisayo.

Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngisho nezinto eziphilayo okuthiwa bakudala kakhulu kujwayele ukuthi excretory, wokugaya ukudla, kwemisipha, uhlelo zokuzala, badinga imisebenzi eyisisekelo: yokudla, ukunyakaza nokukhiqizwa.

With ekuthuthukisweni e sabaphathi inani izinhlelo kanye nokuganga ngezitho zabo, nemisebenzi iyakhula. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, ama-worms zemisipha emelelwa imisipha eziningana, e ezincelisayo lapho sekuyinto kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi we skeleton, ezicubwini. Inyoni, it is kwahambisana by Lwelula amaphiko alo, izinhlanzi - amaphiko.

Common ezilwaneni abaningi izinzwa, tiniketwe izindlela emehlweni, ukuhogela, ukuzwa, ukunambitha, ibhalansi. Asiza ukuzulazula emkhathini, lixwayisa ingozi, ukuxhumana, ukuqaphela ukudla nezinye izinto.

Ikakhulukazi isilwane izitho

Indlela yokuphila Indawo eziphilayo kubonakala endleleni ahlelwe zabo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Abanye baye wenza izitho ezithile, okuyinto uwahlukanise bezinye kwezilwane.

Ngo ayimigodi encane ekhanda izinyoka kukhona ezenza banesibopho ukushisa ukuthola. Siyabonga kubo, ezihuquzelayo ukuthola kalula inyamazane esinegazi elifudumele, ngisho ebumnyameni ephelele. Ezinwabuzelayo yokuphila nokuthuthukisa ikhono lazo nomuzwa vibration kuba ohlabayo okuningi kunamanye izilwane.

emizimbeni Special angabhekwa njengoba wendlala yabesilisa, okuyinto spin web. ithuluzi ezinjalo kuphela izicabucabu kanye centipedes inkume. Ngosizo isakhiwo web isilwane emgodini, amunca ukudla, master imifece amaqanda.

Fish benezingane eziningi izitho ezithile. Breathing abaningi babo zisebenzisa gills zabo, amaphiko for ukubhukuda. Ngo izinhlanzi bony abe esinyeni sibhukuda, okuvumela isezingeni ukujula edingekayo, ngaphandle kucwila ukuba phansi hhayi ekuvezeni.

imizimba yabantu

Indoda okukhulunywa ngayo esigabeni sabaphathi sesilwane libhekwa njengoba ezincelisayo kanye oda wezinkawu. Systems zemizimba yayo ziyefana zonke ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla. Futhi umsebenzi futhi Ukuklanywa komzimba ngezindlela eziningi esifana ezincelisayo. I abaseduze uhlobo wanamuhla wabantu - Sapiens Homo - kukhona chimpanzee Afrika nama-gorilla. Sinenkosi akufani ingaphansi kuka-10% ezakhini zofuzo.

Namanje isakhiwo senhlangano kanye ngabanye ihlukile ezimfeneni. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye izitho zethu eziyinhloko - yomgogodla, has simise lwalugobile we S incwadi, kokuba kuka ku emqaleni nasemhlane. nethambo lenqulu, ngaphezulu enwetshiwe kunobukaJohane "izihlobo eziseduze" yethu, futhi imilenze nezingalo kudluliselwa.

Isithupha ngakolunye uhlangothi yomuntu abatholani nhlobo omunye, kodwa izinyawo zakhe lesi sibonakaliso wanyamalala. Ngo nezinkawu, likhona kuze kube manje. Ngenxa yalokho yokuhamba bipedal emzimbeni wethu uhluke indawo ezinye ezicubwini. Ubuchopho kuningi kunokomuntu ubukhulu umzimba ofanayo chimpanzee. Kodwa izinwele (lokhu nemizimba) unezindawo ezimbalwa.

isiphetho

Izidumbu bayingxenye isakhiwo anokuhambisana noma uhlelo. Ngamunye wabo wenza imisebenzi athile kanye nemisebenzi. Igama elithi isetshenziswa amanani eziningana. Iqondiswe njengendikimba ebusayo endaweni kwezohwebo, uhlelo lomphakathi noma isimo, futhi ingxenye yomzimba ophilayo.