Berezina (umfula): incazelo kanye nomlando. Berezina River kumephu

Berezin - umfula, okuyinto nje kuphela ukuba abantu Russian. Yena ezisohlwini umlando wezimpi isiFulentshi, futhi kuleli zwe uzokhumbula ke nje ukukhumbula induna Napoleon. Kodwa umlando lo mfula ixhunyiwe nezinye izenzakalo futhi ezempi.

emfuleni Belarusian Berezina incazelo

Kuyinto nomfula omude kunayo yonke Belarus, ubude kwalo kufinyelela 613 km kanye endaweni ingqikithi yonke umcengezi kuyinto 24 500 km ^2. Berezin kuyilungelo owumthelela Dnieper. It asuka Vitebsk esifundeni endaweni izimbuku ngasedolobheni Dokshitsy futhi ageleza ohlangothini eningizimu. Ogelezayo ngokusebenzisa Central Berezina ethafeni, kuziwa the Gomel esifundeni , futhi eduze nedolobhana Sloboda Coastal agelezela Dnieper.

Ngo emthambekeni eningizimu-mpumalanga yesifundazwe yokhalo Belarusian kuyinto indishi emfuleni, kubhekwa eyayiwuphawu we aseBaltic nasengxenyeni Black iziLwandle. La maqembu esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga ngakho ephambana nge amachibi Pripyat emifuleni Druts futhi wezinyoni. Kusukela pool enyakatho komfula Western Dvina iphela futhi uyaqhubeka emfuleni Berezina. Kumephu ungabona ukuthi yinhle, ithrekhi emazombezombe. I lomfula ukujula ku sifinyelela kungase afinyelela 7 amamitha, kodwa esimaphakathi kuhluka 1.5 kumamitha angu-3. Ngaphesheya isiteshi mfula ayisesemikhulu ke yandisa kusuka ngamamitha 100 kuya ku-300.

Amabhange emfuleni kukhona emaweni - 1-2 amamitha, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kwawo ongafinyelela afinyelela ku-15 metres. Ngokuyinhloko, emithambekeni ukuma ihlathi. Ukuphakama ibhange kwesokudla ngokuvamile ephakeme kunaleyo ngakwesobunxele. Berezina River (isithombe kuboniswe esihlokweni) kuyinto lokuthumela, kodwa kuphela endaweni encane, mayelana 500 km.

Kungani lo mfula ubizwa ngokuthi "Berezina"

Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi igama wayevela emagama Russian birch. Kodwa okunye umsuka ukungabaza, ngoba uma acabangele tijobelelo etholakala igama elithi izwakale kakhulu njenge Berezovka, Birch, njll Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi igama emfuleni esefikile kithi evela olunye ulimi, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi belostvoloe esihlahleni. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Baltic-Lithuanian "birch" kuzwakala "berzinis".

Kodwa kukhona labo ababeka phambili umbono wokuthi igama elithi "Berezina" ehlangene izimpande Balto-Slavic kokuba ukubaluleka "fast" (Lithuanian "burzdus;" Proto-Slavic "brz"), futhi ngesiRashiya Uzwakala inhlanganisela "Greyhounds".

nemizana

Along embhedeni emfuleni abanjalo imizi owaziwa ezifana Borisov, Berezino, Bobruisk futhi Svetlogorsk. Kukhona futhi imizana eminingana. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Berezino Itholakala maphakathi nezwe ngaphambi kule ndawo kwaba okuthunyelwe zesiteji emzileni emfuleni ukuhweba. Kancane kancane, esitolo sebephethe komnikazi lakhula. Ngakho emfuleni Berezina Berezino wadlala indima ebalulekile ekubukekeni edolobheni.

emfuleni Village

Ngemva edolobheni Borisov armhole mfula kancane kancane kuphenduke i yene, sezwe izimbuku. Lapha axazulule kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile bathole ikhaya yabo ezilwaneni zasendle. Kule ndawo kukhona amabhere amaningi zinyathi. Ngemva Berezinsky Reserve izimila emfuleni kuyehla futhi zigcinwe kuphela ngasogwini.

Ukuvakasha ku emfuleni

Berezin - umfula, abathandwa abahambi eziningi. Ngezikhathi zasehlobo, amaholide uthintane njalo kayaks, izikebhe, kayaks, catamarans nenye imidiya. Uma ulandela emfuleni, ungakwazi ukujabulela ezihlukahlukene nemvelo reserves futhi Biosphere Reserve. On osebeni Berezina ihlelwe izivakashi yokupaka. Futhi, umfula engafinyelelwa emotweni yakhe.

Ukudoba Berezina

Umfula amumethe izinhlanzi. Lapha uthola: tench, Pike, roach, bream, perch futhi carp. Futhi bahlala lapha zilwane ezibalulekile: chub, umbokwane, nase, trout, walleye, eyikati kanye nase. Catch kungaba ezindaweni ezahlukene, njengoba umfula ugcwele izinhlanzi. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi okuhlabayo akuyona, udinga uzizamele gear, profiteering noma indawo. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi abadobi ababili ukubamba elandelayo eyodwa lolo, omunye uhamba, omunye ngemva komunye, kanti eyesibili leyo nhlanhla, wayengabi nayo ngisho zingakuthinti. Uma lokhu kwenzeka kuwe, zama ukuthola indawo yabo futhi ukujula.

Mark kumlando

Phakathi abendawo kuyinto legend mayelana River Berezina. Zisitshela ukuthi kulezi osogwini olusenyakatho isidlulile i impi ebalulekile, lebutho French eholwa lanqotshwa. Namuhla, Echoes of lendaba eziningi waziwa. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi Berezin - umfula izimpi zomlando eziningi. Ngakho, ngo-1709 i-Swedish King Karl XII wathutha ibutho lakhe wanqamula emfuleni futhi wahlulwa at Poltava. Futhi ngo-1920, phambi ulayini empini Soviet-Polish ke wafika Berezina. Futhi ngo-1944, lapho kwakukhona neMpi Patriotic, emfuleni zaphumelela ukufaka ngesinyelela kokunqoba elinye lamaqembu main German.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emlandweni kwenzeka izimpi eziningi phezu Berezina, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke kuyinto kokunqotshwa Napoleon.

War neFrance

Izinto zashintsha phakathi nesikhathi iMpi Yezwe II ngo 1812. Napoleon ngemva kwepi ye-Red zinhlanga nebutho lakhe ENtshonalanga. Kutuzov namabutho akhe ngemuva kakhulu. Kodwa ukubala kwakuwukuthi Napoleon ivinjiwe indlela Admiral Chichagin nge ibutho 25,000 amasosha, okwathi izolandela ohlangothini lokunene. Futhi kusukela enyakatho kuze kube French ethuthuka Wittgenstein abanolwazi wasebenzisa ibutho ababebalelwa 35,000.

Kusukela 16 Novemba Chichagov ezazingakwazi ukuyilawula yonke indlela ferrying. Ngokusho uhlelo umyalo isiRashiya, kuba kwi Berezina kufanele ngobugebengu ibutho French kanye umbusi wakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi, uNapoleon ubekade isimo esisongela ukuphila ngoba kwaba eduze bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, wafika eMfuleni Berezina. Ngaleso sikhathi, ayenakho amasosha empi ayizinkulungwane 40. Mayelana inombolo efanayo balimala noma kungahlonyiwe. ibutho French selikhathele.

Napoleon Chichaginu wabonisa ukuthi ulungiselela ngomkhumbi amaviyo alo kuthabathela ecaleni eningizimu edolobheni Borisov. Umkhuzi Russian waqala ngamafuphi nebutho lakhe ohlongozwayo owela iphuzu. Ngalesi sikhathi, uNapoleon eyakhelwe amabhuloho eduze nedolobhana Studenka elalisemagcekeni enyakatho Borisov.

Umfula kwakubanda kangangokuba zeqhwa elintantayo kuso. Ukuba afika entanyeni yakho emanzini, amaFulentshi eyakhelwe sasemanzini amahora. abantu abaningi babulawa amakhaza. Novemba 26 Army waqala ukweqa. Russian Jikelele Chaplitsa nge ibutho lakhe elincane uzamile ukumisa isitimela, siqhumisa amabhuloho izibhamu ezimbili. Vala akakwazanga ukuza, njengoba French bavikela. Njengoba ibutho sikaNapoleon ngomkhumbi cishe ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Ngosuku lwesibili, lapho French bebasunduzana, balinga lamabutho Chaplitsa, eduze Borisov alwa namabutho Vitgenshtena. Omunye izigaba French umaluju.

Kuphela ngoNovemba 28 e-Battle of Berezina emfuleni wangenela Chichagov. Kuleli qophelo, omningi walo ibutho French kwaba bakwazi ukunqamula futhi ngenkuthalo bavikela. I napoleonovtsy asele wazama ukuya ogwini, abangamakhulu babo bafa ngenxa yala amabhomu.

Novemba 29, Wittgenstein wakwazi ukuphonsa zonke izimpi zawo kusayithi eyinhloko impi. Izinsalela yebutho sikaNapoleon kanye ngohide abakwazanga ukuwela, ngoba amabhuloho eshisiwe. Ibutho French ilahlekelwe amasosha angaphezu kuka-20 eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa abafileyo futhi labo hle landela Napoleon - abalimele nezakhamuzi (kuhlanganise abesifazane nezingane). Abafile hhayi kusukela ngezinhlamvu kuphela, abaningi olungalé beluyokuba iqhwa ekufeni noma baminza emfuleni.

I ukulahlekelwa yebutho Russian ayemancane ocishe uphindwe kane, kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, impi kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ukwehluleka. UNapoleon, ngubani labanjwa, azikwazanga ukuhamba bese ugcine ingxenye yempi futhi bamamukele Vilna, Vilnius namuhla. Isizathu salokho kwaba Chichagin.

Kokubili amabutho kuchasiselwe ukunqoba zokuziphatha. Ngakho-ke, empeleni won isiRashiya, kodwa tactically won French ngakwesokunxele. Averchenko washo eqinisile: "Napoleon kwaba ngukunqoba."

Berezina nesiFulentshi

Ngenxa yalokho yaleyo mpi kwesibhamu kanye isiFulentshi, umqondo omusha "Berezina". Umfula, noma kunalokho igama salo sesibe undabuzekwayo futhi lisetshenziswa njengendlela "inhlekelele", "inhlekelele" noma "nenhlekelele".

Yini eyenzeka ibutho Napoleon? Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphambi kokunqotshwa ibutho French ayebhekwa Omkhulu. Kodwa manje, kusukela kulo mzuzwana, yacishe abasekho. Nakuba Napoleon baqhubeka yemikhankaso yezempi, futhi manje yempi yakhe kwakunguSisera evamile, hhayi ukuze kube yinto esabisayo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uMariya yanqotshwa omkhulu futhi ukwehluleka.