Ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela: bangaki abahlala naye? Kanjani ukuphila sikashukela?

Umphakathi wanamuhla ebhekene eziningi izifo ukuthi abe usongo abalulekile ekuphileni komuntu. Futhi enkulu iphutha ukuthi ikani ibekezelelwe ngesikhathi esinzima uphethwe, liwukungazinaki bezikhali usongo futhi ithemba lokuthi konke eyoxazululwa uqobo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso nangezingane isifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela. Le nkinga yimbi kakhulu kudinga indlela obuphelele ngezindaba inqubo yokwelapha.

Njengoba isifo sikashukela inkimbinkimbi ukuphila

Ingqikithi yalo isifo kuyehla yokuthi ngenxa ukuntula isihlobo noma ngokuphelele insulin kuyinto ukuphazamiseka ephelele cishe zakho konke izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni, ikakhulu kwaba carbohydrate. kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane ubikezela nezinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina. Kakhulu sobala isibonakaliso sokuthi kumele abhekane ngokuqondile sikashukela - okungukuthi isigqugquzeli igazi ushukela. Ngenxa yalo isimo luyanda ukuchama futhi njalo ukoma.

Ngo inqubo yokuthuthukisa amakhono isifo (okokuqala) ngokuvamile babonakala izilonda pustular, okuyinto kakhulu kubambezela ukuphulukiswa futhi kukhona ukulunywa. Uma impatho eziyinkimbinkimbi iye ihlelwe kahle, khona-ke isiguli kungaba kubi kakhulu umbono, ukuthuthukisa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kanye ukuphazamisa izinso. Libuye okuvela nobuhlungu ezingalweni nasemilenzeni. Uma isifo sikashukela singabonakali ngaphandle esimweni sokunganakwa, unomphela, khona-ke kuyinto ingozi yangempela sina ubuthi umzimba emizimbeni ketone. Sikhishwe yokuthi zihlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka insulini abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-100, umbuzo "Bangaki ukuphila sikashukela?" Ingabe olufanele kubantu abaningi.

Ukubaluleka yokuphila efanele

Ukuze uqhubeke ngenkuthalo ukubandakanya umphakathi izifo ezibucayi ezifana njengesifo sikashukela, kumele ngendlela efanele ukwakha indlela yakho yokuphila. Odokotela athuthukile imithetho ethize, usebenzisa okuyinto ungakwazi kakhulu ukunciphisa ingozi yokuba lesi sifo futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukunciphisa izinga ukungakhululeki. Omunye zezimiso eziyinhloko - kuba ngokulinganisela ukudla (ayikwazi ukwenza ngendlela udla), okumele kahle kuhlangene kokuvivinya umzimba.

Eqinisweni, uzama ukuphendula umbuzo, Siyini isifo sikashukela eziyingozi, bangaki aphile nalo nendlela ukuthonya ngempumelelo lesi sifo, kuyafaneleka ukuthi abantu babephila isikhathi eside futhi isimo sisonke nge kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane bathembele kakhulu unomphela enempilo.

In iziguli eziningi bangalindela uthayiphe sikashukela 1

Ngokuvamile, inani leminyaka, lapho ungalindela abantu ukuzwa sokutholakala ukuthi une-kabi esiyingozi kanjalo, njengoba ukuntuleka insulin egazini ikhuphuke kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu ushintsho kwaba umuthi omusha. Ngokwesilinganiso, le bempilo kweziguli uhlobo 1 sikashukela okungukuthi iminyaka engu-40 lapho kuqala lesi sifo.

Ngokuphathelene nezingane, lesi yisikhathi esiyingozi kakhulu ngabo - kulokhu iminyaka 0 kuya 4. Ngalesi ubudala zikhona izimo sokufa. Lokhu kuchazwe ukuvela ketoatsidoticheskaya ikhoma ekuthuthukiseni ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo. Kukhona amacala lapho sikashukela ziyabulala entsheni. Kulokhu, imbangela evame kakhulu umphumela onjalo ukuthi akasinaki ekwelapheni kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela futhi ketoacidosis.

Iqiniso ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala onesifo sikashukela e isikhulile, ngokuqondile, lithintwa ukuba khona ngenxa yezinkinga microvascular kanye nokusetshenziswa kotshwala. Kukhona amacala lapho abantu ababuka impilo enempilo sikashukela kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini esemncane, wahlala iminyaka engu-90. Futhi konke lokhu sibonga nokuqapha njalo lokudla futhi unempilo, yokuphila asebenzayo.

Kuye kwafakazela ukuthi uma khona igazi ushukela kanzima lilawulwa, impendulo yombuzo othi, bangaki nginesifo sikashukela uhlobo 1, kuyinto omuhle kakhulu, ngoba izimo sezivuma ukuvimbela futhi uyephuza ukuthuthukiswa isifo. Ukuwohloka kukuhambele kanye nezinkinga ezikhona e-insulin ukuntula.

Yini ukuba adle ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela uhlobo 1

Njengoba ukudla kunomthelela oqonde ngqo kubantu abaye ukuthi nginesifo sikashukela, kuyodingeka ukuba banake Ukudla. izinto ezifana ukudla, onethonya elikhulu bangaki nginesifo sikashukela abantu bobudala obungefani.

Ebhekisela izihloko Ukudla kabanzi, kuyafaneleka ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo kungenziwa ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile: nalezo kunama-carbohydrate ngokushesha futhi kancane matasa. Iqembu lokuqala lihlanganisa (okusheshayo) yini equkethe ushukela elicwengiweyo. Lokhu kungaba ubisi, ujamu, ijusi, izithelo, ezihlukahlukene amaswidi, sezimoto kanye uswidi.

Carbohydrate eziqukethwe ukudla okunjalo, umphumela waba ukwanda okusheshayo e amazinga kashukela egazini, njengoba kugaywe ngokushesha. Ukuze uzivikele imiphumela ezinjalo eziyingozi, kumele ngokuphepha wanezela kwimenyu imifino okusanhlamvu (irayisi, amazambane, njll). ukudla okunjalo esiphathiswa carbohydrate "kancane", nokunye okulusizo kulabo abaphethwe isifo sikashukela. Kodwa ukudla izakhi esikuthola ngokushesha, kunengqondo ukuthatha uma likashukela egazini lakho lincipha ngokushesha. Ukuhlaziya bangaki bukhoma sikashukela ku-insulin, nge 4 iminyaka okubala umbuzo kwamandla okungukuthi ngempela ecabangela.

imithetho yamanje ukunikezela

Okwamanje, odokotela ezinqwabelene isipiliyoni ocebile ekubhekaneni nesifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela. Kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa izimiso ezithile ayakwazi ukuhlinzeka impilo ephelele futhi kuqhathaniswa eside:

• ukudla kufanele baniketwe sikhatsi, okungenani izikhathi 4-6 ngosuku upheke izingxenye ezincane (phezu-yokudla kunomthelela omubi kakhulu isimo lesiguli);
• nsuku zonke ukuze ikhulise ukudla kwabo kanye nemifino;
• ngokuqinile balandele yokudla osungulwe futhi musa weqa ukudla;
• udinga uyeke utshwala, ushukela namafutha;
• ayeke okukhethayo isinkwa nge bran noma wholemeal.

Uma ufika ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zimiso njengezibalulekile, amathuba lokuphila isikhathi eside futhi ngaphandle kwemingcele abalulekile ukwandisa kakhulu. Eqinisweni, it is a isiyalo kuhambisana esungulwe iziqondiso zezokwelapha singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela ibhuloho ukuze impilo egcwele, yini kungenziwa kalula kubonakala uma sihlola indlela labo kufanele siphile sikashukela.

imiphumela insulin

Labo engibathandayo imibuzo efanele: yini isifo sikashukela, bangaki aphile nalo futhi kanjani ukubhekana nale nkinga - kubalulekile ukwazi iqiniso elandelayo. Omunye izindima eziyinhloko imiphumela olukhulu ohlotsheni 1 yalesi sifo kudlala wasebenzisa ngobuqili we-insulin. Injongo eyinhloko yale izidakamizwa - amaseli asize umzimba uthole isilinganiso esifanele kashukela ngoba kwamanyikwe kulolu hlobo isifo engakwazi ukwenza kanjalo.

Kodwa kukhona omunye ethile ukuze inqubo enjalo. Ingqikithi ke yangempela ukuthi umthamo we-insulin iqondiswa phansi kwesikhumba, ayilungiswanga ngokuzenzakalela kuncike kashukela (njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi operation evamile kwamanyikwe). Ngakho-ke, lapho kubalwa umjovo umthamo umuntu abangakwazi ukufunda bangafundiswa zishayisane nemiphumela ngempela ezimbi. Ngakho ukuthi reception insulin kwaba njengoba ngempumelelo ngangokunokwenzeka, kubalulekile ukuba zifunde kahle ukunquma inani langempela iqondiswa. Futhi lokhu kufanele njalo isilinganiso sakho igazi ushukela amazinga usebenzisa glucometer.

Labo abanesifiso sokwazi, kangakanani-insulin ukuze bukhoma 4 ubudala, ukuma waphinda draw ukunakekela embonweni wokuthi impendulo incike indlela yokuphila isiguli iyonke. Uma njalo futhi ngokuphumelelayo ukulandela zonke izimiso kuchazwa kubantu abanesifo sikashukela akudingeki ukuba sikhathazeke ngokuthi ukufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda iqiniso ukuthi kukhona izinhlobo eziningana we-insulin. Ngakho-ke, isidingo bonana nodokotela wakho kuqala, ngubani ongamtshela lokho uhlobo izidakamizwa kuwufanele ukuthatha. On inani imijovo emini futhi udinga ukuthola umbono okhokhelwayo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi abaningi nginesifo sikashukela ku-insulin, kufanele inake wonke ulwazi olungenhla. Uma umthamo kuyakhethwa kahle futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kokuba yokuphila asebenzayo futhi unempilo ke kukhona zonke ithuba ukujabulela iminyaka eminingi egcwele.

Ukubaluleka lokuzivivinya

Ziningi izici ezithinta inkambo isifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela. Bangaki bukhoma naye, nakanjani kanzima ukusho, ngoba ngamunye has izici zayo siqu ngabanye. Kodwa kulabo uhlose ukudlulisa iminyaka yabo, ngisho ne kusilela insulin emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukuba unake okukhethekile ukucindezeleka ngokomzimba. Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu zesifo sikashukela - lena igazi obukhulu kakhulu, engakwazi ngokuvamile aluka e imithambo yegazi kanye capillary. I kwaphumela umthwalo okhethekile umzimba usizo kakhulu ngcono kulesi simo.

Uma ehlelekile yokulayisha umzimba (ngaphandle ngokweqile), azwela kwezicubu insulin ngcono kakhulu, lapho izinga likashukela egazini nayo iyancishiswa. Ngakho-ke, yokuphila asebenzayo uyisidingo nge-insulini sikashukela engaphansi (Ngibhala). Ukuletha wena sesimweni esifanele ezolile ukugijima isudi, a epaki (emoyeni ionized ngcono ukugeleza kwegazi), ngisho yokuhlanza, main into - ukunyakaza. Kulesi umsebenzi akufanele kube engacabanganga futhi obunzima, kungaholela ekwandeni amazinga kashukela egazini. Udinga ukuzibandakanya ngokulinganisela futhi ngokuqhubekayo.

Uma ngasizathu simbe kwakudingeka abhekane nesimiso umthwalo omkhulu, ukuze ukuzinza of amazinga kashukela egazini kuyadingeka kuzo zonke imizuzu 30-45 (inqobo nje uma kukhona umsebenzi) udle okungenani 10-15 amagremu carbohydrate.

Ikakhulukazi-type II sikashukela

Okokuqala kuyafaneleka ukuthi lolu hlobo sikashukela kwenzeka e-90% wabo bonke ababhekene nezimo inkinga zokukhiqiza efanele insulin emzimbeni. Kubalulekile futhi ukuqonda ukuthi nge kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane kunesizathu okuningi uthembele amashumi eminyaka okuphila asebenzayo.

Yiqiniso, uma kuziwa bangaki bukhoma sikashukela ngaphandle kokwelashwa, iziguli abangazinaki izimiso eziyisisekelo ngendlela enempilo (umkhuba ukubhema, utshwala, ukudla), kunengqondo ukukhuluma eminyakeni engaba ngu-7-12 emva isifo iqala ukuthuthukisa. Inombolo iminyaka wahlala indiva ingqikithi imikhuba impilo, kungase kube ngaphezulu, kodwa noma kunjalo lokhu kuyindlela ephezulu. Ngakho-ke, uma kuhlinzwa iziguli ezifuna bayahamba ukubona ukushona kwelanga yezinsuku zakhe njengoba ngasekupheleni ngangokunokwenzeka, kungcono uye kudokotela uyofuna icebiso.

Kodwa uma bebheka bangaki abaphila ne hlobo 2 sikashukela, elungile indlela emiphumeleni isifo, sizokwazi yokuthola ukuthi abantu ngokuvamile enobuso obuncane le uphethwe akudingeki nezinkinga nge eside ukuguga. Kodwa futhi, ezifana yalokho okungukuthi kungenzeka kuphela esitebeleni ngokomzimba umsebenzi futhi efanele nokudla.

Yokuphila Isikhathi Eside Ise nge abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 kuthinta kakhulu futhi khona izinkinga, kanye ubudala lapho isifo ubonakele, futhi ubulili isiguli.

Ukudla abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2

Kulesi isifo esithinta ukhiye enqubeni ukwelashwa has umsoco ofanele. Uma uyinaka yokuthi bangaki abantu nginesifo sikashukela, hhayi ukudla, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi kukhona isidingo sokufunda ngendlela efanele. Kungenjalo, isiguli ziyophoqeleka ukuba abhekane nezinkinga eziphathekayo isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukuphazamiseka ezinye izitho. Empeleni, ubani Kwadingeka ukuba alalele enjalo eyingozi okwatholakala sikashukela, ke isengozini ngokwenqaba ukulawula amandla ngokuvumela slide isimo. Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela odla yegazi angase abe unyawo sikashukela (livela emva kweminyaka 15-20 lokuphila nalesi sifo). Waba yini umphumela walesi uphethwe ukuba esibhibhayo, okuyinto ethatha ukuphila e 2/3 amacala ukufa kweziguli abanesifo sikashukela sohlobo 2. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kufanele yasithatha ngokungathí sina.

Amaphesenti izakhi yokudla efanele kumele izobukeka ngale ndlela: carbohydrate kusuka 50 kuya 60%, 15-20% protein ne-20-25% amafutha. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ukudla equkethwe carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi (isitashi) kanye cellulose esidingeka ukululama ngokushesha ngemva glucose ukudla.

Ukuhlaziya ukuthi isifo sikashukela, indlela aphile ngayo, nendlela ukudla ngesifo ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukuba banake isihloko okuqukethwe amaprotheni ku ekudleni nsuku - ke kumele ibe phakathi isilinganiso 1.5 g ngalinye 1 kg isisindo. Uma wathumba ukudla sikashukela equkethe umthamo lenyuke amaprotheni, kungenzeka ukuba sihlaselwe kuyinkinga enkulu kangaka njengoba ukulimala kwezinso.

Njengoba for amafutha, kumelwe babe abaphile Lokudabuka isitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuba bayakhohlwa ezingeni cholesterol egazini, ngakho-ke ingeqi ezingeni esibucayi. Lokhu empeleni ingenye imigomo esemqoka yokudla.

Imiphumela kuhlanganiswe yesifo

Iqiniso bangaki nginesifo sikashukela izingane, abantu abadala kanye, kakhulu ezithinteke ngokuqondile isu nokubhala ukwelashwa nangokuphila sekukonke.

Eqinisweni, ukudla abantu abanesifo sikashukela awunankinga, main into - khumbula ukuthi njengoba injalo, futhi njalo isilinganiso igazi ushukela ezingeni ngaphambi ukubala insulin. Kulesi ndlela, ingane ebhekene ezingemnandi ezifana okwatholakala sikashukela, uzokwazi ematasa efeza.

Oludidiyelwe yokusondela ukulwa sikashukela sihlanganisa unomphela ngokubambisana neNhlangano odokotela (okunomsoco futhi endocrinology). Kubalulekile ukuziqeqesha sihlale njalo siqaphele izinga likashukela egazini nsuku kahle nxephezela glucose. Iyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila yalabo ukubhekana nesifo sikashukela.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba njalo bazivikele ukucindezeleka, okuholela ukukhishwa kwama-hormone, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukuze kulondolozwe izinga likashukela egazini. Futhi-ke, kumelwe ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa ukuthi ukunquma igazi cholesterol (kufanele kube khona abangaphezu kuka-200), ukulawula umfutho wegazi futhi ibhekane wekota test HbA1c.

Ngakho, lapho ifingqa, singathola i-Isiphetho esisobala: ezingeni lamanje imithi azikho izizathu abalulekile ukwethuka ukucabanga ukuthi abaningi nginesifo sikashukela. Izibuyekezo zabantu abaningi ubambe asebenzayo sokunqoba isifo, basikisela ukuthi impilo egcwele futhi eside kungenzeka.