Ngikuphi okuhlukileko kuneGreyidini isibhamu umlomo wombhobho? Ukuzingela sokuzingela kufaneleka

Gun kufaneleka, ngaphandle kokungabaza, yisona sikhali ephakeme kakhulu romantic esetshenziswa abazingeli babo bonke ubudala. Yakhelwe ngokuqondile i-ukuzingela, athola isibhamu kubona kabili barreled nge emgqonyeni rifled uvele UK phakathi 1830 kanye 1840, lapho kwezifunda zezintaba of Scotland isibe ethandwa ukuzingela inyamazane. Kuze kube yileso sikhathi, kuphela esetshenziswa olulodwa-isibhamu, kodwa abazingeli uyasiqaphela isidingo shot okusheshayo yesibili, ikakhulu ngoba baqothulwa umdlalo alimele.

incazelo emfushane

Kwaphela iminyaka engamakhulu amaningi, abantu baye basebenzisa nezibhamu okuzingela. Yini ungavezi izilwane ukukhiqizwa futhi izinyoni: fitting, izibhamu, izibhamu, izibhamu imiklamo ezahlukene kanye calibres. Esikhathini zindawo maphakathi kuyinto ehlonishwayo elikhulu umdlalo ukuzingela: izingulube zasendle, amaphiva, ibhere, inyamazane. Kodwa engasazisa kakhulu indondo ezincelisayo ezibhekwa "Big Five": indlovu, ibhubesi, obhejane, ingwe nezinyathi. Ngamunye wabo obulalayo, ngakho ukukhiqizwa yabo ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa ekhethekile ezinkulu-osezingeni izibhamu ne imiphongolo rifled iziteshi - nokufakwa.

Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo isikhali ifakwe imiphongolo ezimbili ababehlezi - kuba mobile kakhulu, uhlobo kahle sakhiwo. Kuvumela ngamunye ngamunye ukuze afeze ezimbili killer badutshulwe. Ngisho nalapho misfire lokuqala esingu Bhalobhasha has isikhathi ngomzuzwana.

Kukhona futhi owodwa emgqonyeni izinguqulo - okuzingela ezintabeni, lapho kubaluleke ukunemba zebanga yinhlamvu. gunsmiths Austrian nesiJalimane ukukhiqiza ezintathu, ngisho chetyrehstvolnye jikelele ukuzingela ngezibhamu efanelekayo. Kulokhu, iziqu ezimbili eziyinhloko abe osezingeni enkulu, kanti lawa amanye amabili - i calibers ezincane izinhlobo ezahlukene game.

ngezigaba

Lokhu isikhali ifikile ibanga elide futhi "olunameva" ka Clumsy dulnozaryadnyh nezibhamu zisebenzisa esiyingozi black powder, ukuze zobuchwepheshe "nitroekspressov", okuyinto emelela Imibono emihle engineering. izinhlobo akhona Imibhobho esemzimbeni zihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

• Sokuqalisa - nakangaka isibhamu design esiphelelwe isikhathi, esebenzisa ukuma oblong noma nokubuya phambili iDemo amachashazi. Ngokwesiko, lolu hlobo isikhali yasetshenziselwa black powder. I kokuqala Isivinini zezibhamu liphansi: 320-510 m / s.
• Veza - nakangaka isibhamu umlomo wombhobho calibers .450, .500, .577, nabanye. Kusebenza side ichashazi nonenveloped, lapho kokuqala Isivinini 465-610 m / umzuzwana. Futhi esetshenziswa black powder.
• Nitroekspress - "perelomka" yaba ichashazi igobolondo yesimanje, ethunyelwe powder ongenantuthu. Izinga kokuqala 564-991 m / s.
• Bullpup - igama elisha ekuklanyweni olulodwa-nokufakwa osezingeni elincane. Trigger oluthunyelwe phakathi umgqomo futhi itholakala ngemuva indlela isando kanye umgqomo (hhayi tipping) edlelana ne-Butt. Leli lungiselelo kwenza kwaba lula, ngaphandle ukunciphisa ubude umgqomo, okwenza isikhali icwecwe kakhulu. Ukuze ukulayisha Asondele emuva ingxenye isitokwe, kungase futhi ibekwe Ammo owengeziwe.

Kusukela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze revolution

Nakuba inyunyana bangabohlobo zinhlobo ehlukile ukuzingela izikhali, kodwa zihlobene izibhamu. Kuyo kwemvelo yayo, e matemu, bona abasasilele emuva ukuthuthukiswa nezinye izinhlobo isibhamu ukuzingela zibhamu e indima lokulala ukuze liphumule.

Nge popularization of ukuzingelwa Afrika ekuqaleni we XX leminyaka womshini nokufakwa zivela ehola URifleman European. Ngo-20-yalolucwaningo zadalwa ezinhle kunazo izitimela express (imikhiqizo izinga ekhethekile ivelele Masters British), yadlula izici zayo siqu futhi "gladkostvolki" futhi carbines. Zisabalulekile iphupho abazingeli elite.

Uyini umehluko kusukela umlomo wombhobho isibhamu

Eqinisweni, le nyunyana - okufanayo kokuphenduka izibhamu (mpo noma okuvundlile) we isibhamu, kodwa lalingafani nakancane bushelelezi futhi ezimazombezombe. Lokhu isiqu kuzokwenza eqonde kakhulu, amandla ezingasho ukuthumela inhlamvu. Uhlangothi flip lokhu nqubo umfutho ophakeme ekhiqizwa kuleli emgqonyeni, ngenxa okuyinto izidingo ezikhethekile onikezwe amandla kohlelo esangweni - it is kakhulu ngcono.

Banikezwe ezinkulu osezingeni emgqonyeni, kusukela "thick-ngabafaka", eduze esinamathelayo umshudo isibhamu, ngokuvamile esindayo futhi bulky, ngokulandelana, ke asifanele egijima kwabathakathi.

amandla knockdown futhi ephumula ezinkulu-osezingeni model lokukwazi: eyodwa inhlamvu kwanele hit izwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni - indlovu. Ngisho noma shot wayengekho olunembile, amandla kinetic we projectile ngokwanele ukuba knock phansi, futhi isikhathi iwukudambisa yimuphi umdlalo omkhulu. Ayikho enye uhlobo izikhali civil ayikwazi ukwenza.

Qaphela ukuthi kunzima ukusebenzisa isikhali, akumangalisi bathi inyunyana - I-kochwepheshe. Ikakhulukazi osezingeni enkulu design umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama, eziningi isisindo futhi babe isithiyo nekusebenta ukusetshenziswa kwabo abazingeli ongenalwazi.

izinhlobo calibers

Nokufaka nezinye izinjongo futhi efanele, ubukhulu is zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: isitayela European futhi Afrika namaNdiya. Ukuze ezizingela zindawo enyakatho (Europe, i-Russia, i-Nyakatfo Melika, ezingxenyeni ze-Asia) kuthiwa ngokwesiko esetshenziswa "amancane" osezingeni: 9,3h74R; 8h57JRS; 7h65R. Ngakho, ubude sokuzingela emgqonyeni engaqhathaniswa: 550-600 mm.

Izilwane zase-Afrika, e-India, eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, makhulu ngobukhulu, kuyingozi ngisho nakakhulu i-umzingeli. Calibre ngoba elihambisana akhethiwe zinde ezifana: .375N-H; .416Rigby; .470N nokuningi.

Izinyunyana ezinamandla kakhulu

Kukhona izilo nitroekspressy nge omkhulu (ngezindinganiso ukuzingela) osezingeni. Ngokwesibonelo, isikhathi eside kwaba enamandla kunazo izibhamu ngokuqinile Holland & Holland chambered ngoba .600 Nitro Express, akhiwa Jeffrey. Nokho, ngenxa bethanda kasozigidi (ababefuna ukuba owokugcina .600), eHolland & Holland isinxephezelo onohlonze saphela ukukhiqizwa ngo-1975. Inani inkontileka kuyimfihlo, kodwa kusobala ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu, ngoba omunye nitroekspress osezingeni .600 angizisoli ezingaphezu kuka-100 000 zamadola.

Nokho, capitalists atholakala ngendlela elula ukuhambahamba umkhawulo inkontileka eziboshiwe - ukwenza isibhamu osezingeni enkulu ngaphezulu. Ngesicelo we waseMelika, uWilliam Feldstein Holland & Holland ngo-1989 uye wadala isibhamu .700 Nitro Express osezingeni nezinhlamvu ithuthukiswe Bell Basic Brass. Ochwepheshe bathi - elinamandla ukuzingela sokuzingela emlandweni. On ukuzingelwa lokuqala amahlandla amathathu izindlovu ezintathu aye abulawa.

intengo udaba

Namuhla, ngisho ngemikhawulo ziyanda abazingela esiyingozi umdlalo isidingo kabili emgqonyeni Izinyunyana lamahubo lilingana, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa ukuthenga ikhomishini (b / y) we Ngokwesibonelo. imiyalo Iningi ukuhlonipha osezingeni nokufakwa abalufundile noma abaqoqi, noma "iphisi-namaphupho" abafisa nezikhali esifanayo, sisebenzisa kanjani Dzheyms Sazerlend, Dzhon Hanter nabanye.

Ochwepheshe kakhulu batusa hhayi skimp on lolu hlobo isikhali, uma uhlela ukusebenzisa umsebenzi wokufuna yangempela uthenge isibhamu efanelekayo. Inani kuncike hlobo isibhamu, osezingeni lakhe, isimo kwabakhiqizi lobuchwepheshe kanye zomlando eziligugu. Uma ufuna ukuthenga nitroekspress, inani layo likwenza ubone zamadola eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kufanele wazise into engavamile ukuba amakhophi oshibhile uyachitheka emva isibhamu ambalwa. amasampula upscale ngakhoke, onokwethenjelwa futhi ngempumelelo zingamashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi. Unalokhu engqondweni inkampani, wahlanganyela ukuzingela Afrika elikhulu umdlalo, babe iqoqo yabo nokufakwa futhi nginikeze amakhasimende abo ukuqasha. Eshibhe entsha emhlabeni kukhona Izhevsk imodeli MR221 futhi MR251 (ruble 20 000).

Gun kufaneleka: nesibhamu Russia

ERussia, ezifakwe isikhali ukuzingela akusho zande, cishe ngenxa yokuntuleka ehloniphekile ukuzingela izinto. Kodwa baye kabanzi ibutho yasebukhosini. Yiqiniso, abanye silwenza nabakhandi ekhiqizwa nokufakwa izinto eziningi ezincane, ikakhulu ukwenziwa namabhere.

Kusukela nokufakwa yesimanje yasekhaya ukukhiqizwa inothi "onomzali barreled isibhamu" IZH18N (nge esikhiphekayo bushelelezi emgqonyeni 12 gauge kuhlanganisiwe), kabili barreled ingebe binda "Veza" MR251 nge sithuthukiswe node ukukhiya MR221 "u-Arthemisi." Lokhu imodeli osezingeni elincane, okuyinto Nokho, kwanele ukubhujiswa onokwethenjelwa noma yisiphi isilwane e zindawo zethu.

isiphetho

Inyunyana, e nitroekspressy ethile, zingamathuluzi amandla kakhulu ukuzingela inhlamvu. Ngenxa emgqonyeni rifled nokucindezelwa okukhulu isiteshi salo ngesikhathi kokudubula inhlamvu Ufika anda energy kinetic, izimpukane phambidlana nangokuqondile hit. Kusukela carbines rifled kuhluke osezingeni elikhulu kakhulu, futhi kungenzeka umkhiqizo kabili (noma ngaphezulu) "eyodwa ngomunye" insika emehlweni umsebenzi.

Phakathi amaphutha waphawula ukwanda isisindo izingalo (ezinye nitroekspressy zibe nesisindo esingaphezu 5 kg), imbuyiselo ebucayi (iqiniso ngoba osezingeni enkulu) futhi zibiza. Endabeni a (ezintathu, ezine) ukusebenza kabili barreled, ububanzi ngempumelelo sinciphile. Nokho, olufanelekayo uhlobo European osezingeni ezincane lezi amaphutha esingenayo.