Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e nokwakheka kwawo

Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e akha nerve izicubu, kukhona ezinhlobo ezimbili: neurocytes (izinzwa) namaseli glial (glial amaseli). Izinzwa waqonda ngokucasuka odala bezikhali isinyathelo uqhutshwa bese bedlulisela ezinzwa amaza ukusungula ukuxhumana nomunye futhi glia amaseli ukunikeza izimo izinzwa elilungile ukusebenza, isb ukuhlukanisa kubo, ukuvikela kanye iqhaza exchange of balamuli kanye nokukhula Kwabiwa isici neurocytes.

Ngokusho namuhla, inhloko ubuchopho bomuntu iqukethe 25 bhiliyoni. Izinzwa, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zawo zitholakala cortex, futhi inani lamaseli glial esihamba ngawo ngokuphindwe izikhathi 10 ngaphezulu.

namangqamuzana ezinzwa

amangqamuzana ezinzwa aqukethe izinzwa, okuyizinto isici esiyinhloko kwesakhiwo obusebenzayo isimiso sezinzwa. Namangqamuzana ezinzwa - usayizi Process cell 4-130 microns, unomzimba ezihlobene, okuyizinto izinhlobo ezimbili: Axon futhi dendrites. Scion we emsipheni iseli - Axon - uma kungenjalo ngokuthi neurites. izinqubo ubude 1.5 m. Axon kuseli, eyodwa kuphela, isikhathi eside, kancane ekhelini; kwalo kusukela umzimba esitokisini ishayela. Dendrites ngokuvamile eziningi, branched kakhulu, short. Ngokusho kwakhe ishayela lisetshenzisiwe umzimba we namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Izinzwa nokwehlukana ashukumisayo esingokwemvelo, baqhuba ezinzwa amaza kuphela kwelinye direction - kusukela dendrite ukuze Axon. Okungukuthi, namangqamuzana ezinzwa e oyiyo sifana uphondo. Umzimba cell ngokuyinhloko umsebenzi trophism maqondana nenqubo. Ibala lesikhumba zingahluka - kusukela pyramidal ukuze oyindilinga.

izinhlobo izinzwa

Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e kunombolo izinqubo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo.

• unipolar - kokuba inqubo olulodwa, kuphela Axon. La mangqamuzana akhona kuphela imibungu njengenhlangano sinyathelo Lesisemkhatsini ukuthuthukiswa neurocytes;
• Bipolar - equkethe Axon futhi dendrite. Lezi ezinzwa umuntu has kwe-retina kanye zengaphakathi lendlebe;
• multipolar - ifa izinqubo 2 noma ngaphezulu, Axon futhi dendrites. Kuyinto owande kakhulu namangqamuzana ezinzwa emzimbeni, kokubili ezingxenyeni ezimaphakathi isimiso sezinzwa futhi neuropathy;
• psevdounipolyarnye amaseli - angaphezu inqubo olulodwa, kuhlanganise Axon futhi dendrite, futhi kamuva ihlukaniswe yaba amaseli ezimbili ezihlukene zomzimba. La mangqamuzana ezinzwa azivumelanisa okuguquguqukayo zitholakala kule ISIZINDA we cranial spinal.

Isakhiwo iseli emsipheni

Neurilemma cell ikhava, okuyinto ngaphezu isithiyo, futhi exchange of yokwamukela umsebenzi, eyenza umsebenzi ethile ngokubhuduzela emsipheni.

Njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e babe cytoplasm, okubandakanya organelles jikelele (mitochondria, reticulum endoplasmic, cell sikhungo, Golgi apharathasi, lysosomes) nezinjongo ekhethekile organelle, okuthiwa neurofibrils. ezinzwa cell elikhanyayo nucleus round, iqukethe uhlu olulodwa noma ezimbili nucleoli.

izinhlobo Cell ngokwenjongo zabo

Ngokuhambisana uya khona obusebenzayo ezinzwa zihlukaniswa sezinzwa, motor kanye ejotshelelwayo.

izinzwa Ukudideka - la mangqamuzana, umzimba okuyinto Itholakala ganglia kohlelo neuropathy. Dendrites la mangqamuzana ebucayi ekupheleni Ukunqanyulwa kwe, kanye Axon ngenkathi sokuqondiswa empandni ubuchopho noma nomgogodla.

Ejotshelelwayo ezinzwa zidlulisela namangqamuzana ezinzwa excitation.

Motor noma secretory amaseli abizwa ngokuthi kuye isakhiwo (imisipha fibre noma yensimbi) lapho Axon yabo iphela.

Kukhona futhi ukusekela ezinzwa, okuthiwa amaseli glial ukuthi vimbela izinzwa kusuka komunye nomunye.

Ependimotsity efana EPITHELIAL izicubu abami ngalo ingaphakathi kanye asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Umsebenzi wawo - asekelayo ukutjheja imikhawulo.

Astrocytes kukhona mnogootrostchatymi amaseli encane star emise. Ngokwakha izinqubo astrocytes kukhona protoplasmic futhi fibrous.

izinzwa akhiwa izinqubo ezinzwa futhi lemmotsitov. Ngaphandle fibre sezinzwa is camera nge emgodleni ezondile fibrous okuxekethile ezicutshini, othiwa lamina basal.