Kodominirovanie - lena okungavamile ukuxhumana phakathi alleles

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kodominirovanie zofuzo, ngamangqamuzana sihlaziya izinhlobo kungenzeka ukuxhumana phakathi alleles. Ngokusho umbono gametes ubumsulwa ehlongozwayo Gregor Mendel, ukwakheka gametes kuwo ikhumbule nje omunye ezimbili alleles zisifake ngamunye umzali obangela mfanelo. Ngakho, ngo-evamile gamete diploid kwakhiwa isethi alleles. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubusa Imininingwane engaveza ngokwayo nokuxhumana lapho evelele ukucindezela esikhubazayo, ukubusa akuphelele futhi kodominirovanie.

okubusa akuphelele

Kulesi simo allele evelele akuyona ngokuphelele suppresses esikhubazayo, umphumela uba isici esisha Lesisemkhatsini. Isibonelo esidumile akuphelele ukubusa izimbali umbala ezinye izimbali ezifana yonke. Ake sithi kukhona obomvu imbali genotype homozygous (AA) (umugqa ecacile) kanye imbali emhlophe (aa), efanayo emgqeni okumsulwa. Lapho bewela avele izimbali nge Umbala pink - isibonelo kodominirovaniya. genotype yabo Aa ine uhlobo, kodwa avele futhi allele ephezulu kanye esikhubazayo. Ngu Ukunqamula waphenduka phakathi - umbala pink.

Kodominirovanie

Olunye uhlobo isakhi sofuzo Inkulumo - kodominirovanie. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa kufana ukubusa akuphelele, kodwa usenayo Umehluko omkhulu owodwa. Kodominirovanie - isakhi sofuzo yokusebenzisana lapho izimpawu okuphambene zenzeka kanyekanye, kodwa akuhlangani futhi musa ukukhiqiza isici Lesisemkhatsini.

Lapho bewela imbali emhlophe ne petunias obomvu ungavula obomvu, bomvana, amhlophe noma kabili umbala. Imbali ngemivimbo obomvu nomhlophe kuwumphumela inqubo efana kodominirovanie. Kuyinto isibonelo ezivame kakhulu ukuxhumana okunjalo.

Kodominirovanie nobuntu nezinye izitshalo.

Ukuxhumana kungenzeka izakhi zofuzo nonallelic

Kuthiwa kuphela izakhi zofuzo allelic imiqondo ezifana ukubusa okuphelele, ukubusa akuphelele futhi kodominirovanie. Izibonelo futhi ucwaningo oluningana luye waqinisekisa ukuthi uma izakhi zofuzo-non-allelic abaphefumulelwe babhekisela kwezinye izinhlobo ekuhlanganyeleni - nokubambisana, epistasis, complementarity polymer. Isibonelo salokhu i-polymer iqina, kunokuba ukubusa akuphelele, yilifa yomuntu ibala lesikhumba.

Kodominirovanie e abantu

Esinye isibonelo esilula kodwa yesiteleka kodominirovaniya - ifa amaqembu igazi. Njengoba wazi, kunamaqembu igazi ezine. Iqembu lokuqala G (I) iboniswa khona ababili genotype homozygous izakhi zofuzo esikhubazayo O. Iqembu lesibili (II) kungenzeka futhi genotype AB noma AA. I phenotype ngaleyo ndlela ngeke kuphela sibonakalise A isakhi sofuzo evelele, okuyinto suppresses ngokuphelele sakhi sofuzo esikhubazayo. Kunesimo esifanayo kungaba wesithathu igazi iqembu B (III), kwakhiwa okuyinto nge genotype BB noma vơ. isakhi sofuzo evelele endaweni sakhi sofuzo esikhubazayo suppresses O futhi ukuzibonakalisa ngenxa ukubusa okuphelele. Kodwa kuyokwenzekani uma wawela kanye homozygous genotypes AA kanye BB? Futhi isakhi sofuzo A no B isakhi sofuzo abangelwa ngokuyinhloko, ngakho akekho kubo abakwazi ukucindezela ngokuphelele ezinye, futhi ngeke azibonakali. Kulokhu, nge 100% amathuba ngeke lwegazi lesine - AB kunesithembiso kodominirovanie. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-owela heterozygous AO futhi BO, lapho noma yimuphi umphumela kungenzeka:

P: AOhVO;

F1: AO (II), AB (IV), vơ (III), PA (I).

Yingakho iqembu igazi wengane alikwazi igazi iqembu ngabazali ababodwa. Isibonelo ebonisa ukuthi kodominirovanie kubonakala hhayi kuphela umbala izitshalo.

Kodominorovanie futhi uguquko

It is wawufuna ukuba inkulumo kokubili izingxenye - lokhu akulona njalo kodominirovanie. Lokhu kufakazela isici esingavamile esidluliselwa ngofuzo njengabantu nezilwane ezithile - heterochromia (umbala lokungafani iris). Heterochromia kuqedile, isibonelo, uma omunye neso ensundu eyodwa blue, noma kancane, isibonelo lapho igobolondo oluhlaza has grey esigabeni. Heterochromia, naphezu esifanisweni esisenze sobala ngemibala imidwebo, isibonelo hhayi kodominirovaniya futhi ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ocwaningweni. Ukwephula ibala lesikhumba - futhi kodominirovanie lokho zofuzo uthi. Kodominirovanie kulokhu kudidaniswe isifo.

umthetho Kodominirovanie kuqala Mendel

Kodominirovaniya mkhuba futhi ukubusa akuphelele, Uma unganakile, zibonisa ukuthi le yokuqala umthetho Mendel phezu ukufana nzalo is hhayi lwenziwa. Gregor Mendel ucwaningo lwakhe asebenzelana ngayo uphizi, okungadingi bathambekele iyiphi kodominirovanie noma ukubusa esinqunyiwe, futhi ukubusa okuphelele kuphela. Ezimweni lapho uphawu okuxubile, noma ukubonisa ngesikhathi esisodwa kungenzeki, wathola ukuthi amagama ngokuphelele kwesokudla. Ngemva ecishe ibe ikhulu lapho abaphenywe futhi kodominirovanie futhi ukubusa akuphelele, umthetho wokuqala satjhugululwa ucacise ukuthi isizukulwane nzalo yesibili avele, ngesisekelo homozygotes efanayo kokuwela nzalo isizukulwane sokuqala ngezibonakaliso okuphambene. Kubonakala evelele esimweni ukubusa okuphelele noma uphawu okuxubile - uma ukubusa akuphelele.

Ungasebenzisa isibonelo ilifa zamaqembu egazi ithuba lokubonisa ukuthi isifiso umphelelisi efanele yomthetho lokuqala Mendel:

P: AA BB ×;

F1: AB, AB, AB, AB.

Waba yini umphumela wesibindi ukweqa imigqa emibili kuyoba ndlovu heterozygous okumsulwa, lapho phenotype okuxubile wabonakaliswa uphawu, njengoba kwenzeka kodominirovanie. Lokhu kuhambelana isichibiyelo.