Izici Matrona ( "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna)

Akungabazeki Phakathi imisebenzi engcono A. I. Solzhenitsyna fanele indaba "Matryona" yowesifazane elula Russian ngokuphumelelayo nokuphila okunzima. ukuhlolwa abaningi uwile ukuba eningi yayo, kodwa Heroine kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe igcinwe umphefumulo uthando lokuphila, umusa olungenamkhawulo, ukuthi izimisele ukuba umhlatshelo ngokwabo ukuzuzisa abanye. Esihlokweni umfundi nobuntu isithombe Matrona.

"Matryona": nesisekelo sangempela komkhiqizo

USolzhenitsyn wabhala indaba ngo-1959 futhi ekuqaleni walibiza ngokuthi "ngeke kukusize ngalutho edolobhaneni ngaphandle umuntu olungileyo" (kusuka ukucwaninga ongenhla otholakala kamuva esachitshiyelwa). I sibonelo umlingiswa oyinhloko kwaba Matrona Timofeevna Zakharova, ohlala emzaneni Miltsevo, ise-Vladimir esifundeni. Umlobi wayephila eminyakeni yakhe ka uchitelstvovaniya sengibuyile emakamu. Ngakho-ke, imizwa nemicabango yemlandzi kakhulu ukubonakalisa ukubukwa nombhali, kusukela osukwini lokuqala, by wavuma siqu, wazizwa endlini ezingajwayelekile owesifazane okuthile eduze nenhliziyo abathandekayo. Kungani lokhu kwenzeke, siqonde ukuthi kungani izici Matrona.

"Matryona": ukwazana kuqala nge Heroine

Grigorieva wahola umlandzi endlini, lapho zonke izinketho for the settlement ezindlini sezivele kubhekwe. Iqiniso lokuthi Marya Vasilievna Wayehlala yedwa e indlu endala. Zonke izinto zakhe babe embhedeni, itafula, amabhentshi kanye senkosikazi ozithandayo izitshalo zenjoloba. Yebo, ikati eliwumkhehlekhehle ayithatha owesifazane aphume isihawu wacosha emgwaqeni, nembuzi. Pension ethola njengoba epulazini esikhundleni lezinsuku zokusebenza It inamathela-invoyisiwe. Umsebenzi yayingakwazi ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Nokho, kamuva kwakubucayi uye wakhipha yempesheni ukulahlekelwa umyeni wakhe. It njalo buthule babasiza ubani zakhuluma naye, futhi wathatha lutho ngomshikashika wabo. "Matryona" Lona sici kuqala indaba Matryona. Kungase kube wanezela ukuthi umpheki wayengazi ukuthi umlimi kakhulu, kodwa umqashi kwaba nepriveredliv futhi Akazange akhononde. Futhi izikhathi ezimbalwa inyanga ehlaselwa isifo ezinamandla, lapho owesifazane akanakuba ngisho nokusukuma. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi yena Akazange akhononde, ngisho wazama yini ukuba ububule, ukuze hhayi abaphazamisa eyisakhamuzi. Ikakhulukazi umbhali ugcizelela amehlo aluhlaza nezakhi ukumamatheka ekhazimulayo - uphawu nokuvuleka nomusa.

isiphetho Kunzima Heroine

Indaba yokuphila kusiza ukuze uqonde kangcono lowo muntu. Ngaphandle-ke luyobe lungaphelele futhi Matrona sici endabeni "Matryona".

izingane zabo ngendlela ongumlimi wayengekho: zonke abayisithupha bashonela isakhasa. Yena washada futhi kungabi ngenxa yothando: eminyakeni embalwa elinde umkhwenyana ngaphambili, bese wavumelana ayoba umka umfowabo omncane - Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima futhi isandla emkhayeni akwanele. Besanda kushada emuva Thaddeus Young, ongazange wamthethelela Yefim futhi Marya. Kukholakala ukuthi wabeka isiqalekiso kubo, futhi umyeni kamuva Heroine uzonyamalala emva yesibili neMpi Yezwe. Owesifazane uyothatha imfundo kaKoresi, indodakazi elicinathunjana Thaddeus, wanika uthando wakhe nokunakekela. Konke lokhu umlandzi asifunda uwayehlalise, ngokungazelelwe wafika phambi kwakhe endaweni sama omusha. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi, umlandzi eqaphela indlela kusuka yakhe yangempela kuqala Matrona isici.

Matryona Okwamanje babe ahehe Thaddeus, ababefisa ukuthatha isipho, esimisiwe uKoresi ekungeyona eyakhe unina. Le ngxenye ekamelweni eliphezulu futhi abangele ukufa Heroine.

Phila abanye

Sekuyisikhathi eside Marya Vasilievna waba presentiment sokuhlupheka. Umbhali echaza ukuhlupheka kwakhe, lapho-ke sekuvela ukuthi ngesikhathi sobhapathizo othile wamthatha ebhodweni amanzi ongcwele. Kungazelelwe Ngilahlekelwe ikati. Futhi ngaphambi yokwehlukanisa emakhazeni uwayehlalise futhi akazange yena ahambe. ophahleni nciphisa kwasho ukuphela ekuphileni kwakhe. Kulezi zinto kancane tente lonke ekuphileni Heroine, wayehlala kungesi kwakhe kodwa abanye. Lapho Marya Vasilevna wahambisana naleli wonke umuntu owela ujantshi, naye wayefuna ukusiza. Abaqotho, evulekile, hhayi waba munyu Ukungabi nabulungisa zokuphila. Zonke Bonke abantu bangamukela njengomuntu phetho ezimisiwe, futhi ungalokothi bakhonona. Lokho esiphethweni ifingqa izici Matrona.

"Matryona" uphela umngcwabo incazelo yesehlakalo Heroine. It adlala indima ebalulekile ukuqonda ezahlukene kanjani lo mlimi kubantu nxazonke zakhe. Umlandzi AMANOTHI ubuhlungu ukuthi odadewethu Thaddeus ngokushesha waqala ukuhlanganyela okuncane okungokwakhe uwayehlalise. Futhi ngisho intombi sengathi uhlangabezana ngobuqotho ukulahlekelwa, kwadingeka isikhathi ngiyothatha wena ibhantshi. On ngemuva ukuthi kwenzekani umlandzi kungazelelwe wakhumbula Marya ephilayo, zihluke kangaka bonke abanye. Futhi ngabona: kuyinto elungile, ngaphandle okuyinto ke akufanele emzaneni owodwa. Ngakho ukuthi kukhona emzaneni - zonke ezweni lethu. Lokhu kuboniswa impilo kanye nezici Matrona.

"Matryona" iqukethe umbhali uyadabuka ngokuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe (njengoba ngempela, nabanye) abakwazi ukuqonda ngokuphelele ubukhulu lalona wesifazane. Ngoba ungakwazi ukuqonda umsebenzi uSolzhenitsyn njengoba uhlobo ukuphenduka phambi Heroine ngoba ukungaboni kwakhe futhi nabanye ngokomoya.

It udalula elinye iphuzu. On umzimba efile Heroine abephule ubuso elikhanyayo kanye nasengalweni. "Kuyoba kithi emhlabeni ukuba bathandaze," - wathi omunye walaba besifazane endabeni "Matryona". Izimpawu Matrona, ngaleyo ndlela ukuphoqa ukuba sizindle yokuthi abantu abaningi bahlala ezimweni babulawa efanela ukulondoloza kwesithunzi sobuntu, umusa, ukuthobeka. Futhi ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokuthi nabo, kukhona kuleli zwe eligcwele unya, imiqondo ezifana uzwela, ububele, yokusizana.