Oligopoly - sikhona ukuze isakhiwo esinjalo?

Esikhathini sethu ukuthola izwe lapho bonke nemibandela mncintiswano okumsulwa, kunzima ngempela. Cishe kuzo zonke izimakethe ubuswa eyodwa noma monopolies ezimbalwa, okuyinto nethonya juqu kwi ukuthuthukiswa wayo, kanti uma kungenjalo ukuqapha njalo yizinhlangano zikahulumeni, amathuba ukuba nebhizinisi ebhizinisini wamanje kungaba ingasaphathwa. Omunye amafomu ezivamile wokuncintisana ongaphelele namuhla kuyinto oligopoly. Lo mqondo ngoba abaningi namanje uhlala ezingacacile, ngakho ake sibheke-ke kabanzi.

Inchazelo

Oligopoly - kuyindlela ezifana emakethe mncintiswano abangaphelele, lapho emakethe inikezwe kukhona kakhulu iqembu elincane nabathengisi. Ukwanda kwenani labo ngisho noma lokho kulimaza lowo zifiki kungaba noma okunzima kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, i oligopoly - kulapho nabathengisi bungabalwa phezu iminwe.

Izimpawu kanye Izinhlobo

Thola izici ezilandelayo isakhiwo emakethe :

• imikhiqizo ezisezingeni noma umahluko.
• Inani elikhulu amakhasimende kanye nenani elincane amafemu.
• Ukuba khona izithiyo eziqinile okuvikela ukuze entry encintisana kungenzeka.
• Ukuthembela kwamazwe amafemu komunye nomunye, okuyinto kancane kukhawulela ukulawula amanani.

Kunenye kwencazelo lolu hlobo umncintiswano, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukubaluleka kwengosi kuba Herfindahl Inkomba. Ngakho-ke ngokuthi inkomba engasetshenziswa uningilize degree of monopolization wemakethe. Kulinganiselwa kusetshenziswa indlela:

HHI = S ₁ ² + S ₂ ² + ... + S _n ² lapho

S - iphesenti yokuthengisa ngayinye amafemu.

Inani layo obuyisilinganiselo 10,000 (ayitholwa okumsulwa), futhi inani eliphansi ukhawulelwe isilinganiso 10,000 / n, lapho n - eziningi izinkampani embonini (inqobo nje uma isabelo yokuthengisa alezi nkampani ziyalingana). Kukholakala ukuthi i oligopoly - emakethe okuyiwona ukubaluleka index mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 2000. Kusukela ngo-1982, lokhu Inkomba kudlala indima enkulu kule nomthetho "antitrust": uma umkhakha isilinganiso esithile idlula 1000, isimo siqala ukuqapha yimuphi sihlangane futhi zigqila izinkampani. Kuye onjani imikhiqizo zenziwa emakethe, unquma ukwaba lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo oligopoly: okumsulwa futhi umahluko. Esimweni sokuqala senziwa iyunifomu umkhiqizo okwakha (isb, usimende, aluminium, ithusi), kanti eyesibili - imikhiqizo ezihlukahlukene ukusebenza esifanayo (isb, izimoto, amakhamera, amathayi). Cartel - futhi oligopoly. Lokhu uzungu inombolo encane izinkampani mayelana okukhipha namanani ukuze ukwandisa ezingeni inzuzo. Uma-ke zonke nibuthana umkhakha, kulesi simo, it oziphatha njengongqingili monopolist.

izibonelo zokuphila: Oligopoly

Abanye abantu uyazibuza: 'Kungani eRussia enjalo ukubolekisa ezibizayo "Bankers kuyafaneleka engozini eliphezulu futhi zibiza ukhulisa izimali. Kodwa ngempela - kungcono nje smokescreen ngemuva lapho ephakeme (uma kuqhathaniswa izibalo European) wekhasi. Isigamu izinhlelo zamabhange ilawulwa amabhange eziyisithupha: Bank of eMoscow, VTB 24, Rosselkhozbank, Gazprombank, Sberbank futhi VTB. Kukhona icala zakudala oligopoly, ngisho ngaphansi iphiko isimo. Njengoba ezinye izibonelo ezimakethe umgibeli izindiza ( "i-Airbus" "Boeing"), imoto emakethe, esikhulu ekhaya Imishini nokunye. D.