Otaku - bangobani

Igama elithi "otaku 'inezincazelo eziningi, kuye ngokuthi ashiwo ubani nalapho ukuyisebenzisa. EJapane, kusho into eyodwa, e-America noma Russia - kancane xaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudlula kwesikhathi, umqondo ishintshile - futhi uqhubeke ukushintsha.

Umlando Origins

Kuze 1980, otaku kwaba indlela yokwelapha ehloniphekile ngolimi Japanese, ezifana -sama, -kun noma -senpai. Leli gama livame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela isabizwana umuntu 2nd, ngale ndlela, isibonelo, wasebenzisa Heroine anime "Macro", okuyinto Owokuqala waphuma yeshashalazi ngo-1982.

Nokho, kuleli zwe lanamuhla, igama elithi "otaku" - inkulumo isitsotsi in Japanese, libonisa ukuthi imiqondo eyahlukene:

• indoda, abanothando esinamandla sokuba nento ethile - wokuzilibazisa kungaba yini kusukela manga kanye anime udlala nezinto eziqoqekayo;
• umuntu, anime nomdlandla noma manga;
• Kukhona lwesithathu icala - eyabonakala ngenxa ukudideka phakathi imiqondo otaku futhi hikikomori.

Ngakho otaku - ngubani? Ngomqondo wanamuhla zwi lokuqala asetshenziswe 1980, emsebenzini we humorist nomlobi Akio Nakamori. Ngo-1983, wanyathelisa e "Tadisha" otaku "," umagazini Manga Burikko umjikelezo lapho le nkulumo isetshenziswa maqondana abalandeli.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokuveza Haruhiko Mikimoto futhi Shoudzhi Kawamori wasebenzisa igama elithi ukuxhumana nomunye njengoba ifomu esinenhlonipho yekheli (zonke okufanayo isabizwana 2 abantu) kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi wenza kanjalo namalungu athile nemikhutshana kuleso (kuyilapho abanye baya ngaphansi inkhulumomphendvulwano esisemthethweni), futhi yingakho wakhetha Nakamori (yalesi sizathu kufanele Morikawa Kaichiro, zichaza imvelaphi ethemini).

Inguqulo ye-umsuka umqondo wesibili - yesayensi Motoko Arai, ababesebenzisa -otaku njengoba ifomu evumelekile ukwelashwa, kodwa abafundi ekupheleni sebemukele umkhuba.

Japan yesimanje

Esikhathini 90 kwekhulu elidlule Umdwebo engakhi izwi esehlelembe, futhi kwakungekho ezahlukene ukusebenzisa otaku izwi. Ngubani-ke manje? Nakanjani wenza impela kucacile - "fan of lutho" Umthandi womculo esijulile kunoma yiluphi udaba oluthile. Manje, lo mqondo libhekisela abalandeli lutho, ibuye ivame ukuhlotshaniswa Akihabara kanye fashion "nyashnost".

Dictionary Japanese inikeza esinye incazelo yaleli zwi: ngokusho kwakhe, 'otaku "ekuqaleni esasisetshenziselwa kule minyaka 80th ku indilinga labangane, elisho kakhulu ukwaziswa yisiphi isihloko womuntu.

Ngo eJapane, igama elithi ongaqhathaniswa imiqondo ezifana "fan", "Uchwepheshe", "kusho umcwaningi" noma ngisho "bengenwa." Zonke migomo baveze ezingeni ezahlukene ulwazi futhi isithakazelo.

Uyini umehluko? Kuyini izwi esifanelana kangcono kuxhomeke kulokho kubhekwa evamile emphakathini, nokuthi - hhayi kakhulu.

Isazi semivubukulo, usesho abukhali ukuze imizi yasendulo, noma Dr. Alan Grant e ifilimu "Jurassic Park" ezibhekwa, ngakho abacwaningi. Babukeka kahle umphakathi. Futhi onjengendodana UProfesa Brown kusukela "Emuva Ikusasa" ayeliqamba otaku - nikhumbula ukuthi ezokuzilibazisa, umshini isikhathi, angahambisani "kuyinsakavukela".

United States

Zonke lezi zinkinga umphakathi Japanese ehlukile kakhulu beqonda eNtshonalanga. Abantu e United States ukubeka incazelo ehlukile kuya otaku eside. Ngubani lapha - singasho ngokucacile futhi nakanjani ukuthi indoda anime umxhwele futhi manga. Sami Japanese izithombe abalandeli ungenayo into ngokumelene - iyizwi Japanese ongaqhubeki kunencazelo ezimbi.

Uyini otaku yesimanje

BaseNtshonalanga ungacabangi ukuthi ukuba umlandeli we anime - kukubi. Kunalokho. Lapha otaku - ngokuvamile umuntu 'bubonakala konke ". "Ukuhamba-encyclopedia" anime noma manga (futhi akunandaba, umuntu abona yimuphi uhlobo umuntu noma zonke ilandelana) ukuthi ukweluleka kulokho ukubona, esekelwe akuthandayo of the imibuzo.

Ngenxa yalokho passion yakhe, willy-nilly, waba onguchwepheshe uhlobo anime, kodwa futhi uyazi futhi kubukelwa noma ukufunda imisebenzi ethandwa kakhulu - yakamuva sici otaku ejwayelekile. Ngubani-ke ngelinye nomphakathi - ngokuphelele zonke okufanayo impumelelo efanayo kungaba umfundi, ihhovisi isisebenzi noma umsubathi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, otaku, ngisho ukufunda okuthile okukhethekile, anakho umbono mayelana namasiko Japanese futhi imfashini, nangenkathi kokubili yesimanje kanye langaphambilini, futhi uyazi amagama ambalwa ngolimi Japan.

Kulesi ukubonakala, imikhuba, degree of ukucwiliswa in wokuzilibazisa ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ezinye otaku ukuqoqa iqoqo amadiski nge ogawuthola, izithombe izinhlamvu ozithandayo, ibe khona emihlanganweni nabantu ababecabanga njengami njalo, futhi leyo cosplay ukwazi amagama seiyuu ezidumile-manga abalobi.

Abanye bayakwazi ukubuka, ngaphandle kokuma, serial 25-anime (mayelana 6 amahora). Abanye ukuya ulimi izifundo Japanese ukuze bakwazi ukufunda manga yasekuqaleni.

Phakathi anime fans kukhona ababhali abanekhono qamba izindaba ezithakazelisayo - phakathi kwabo Sergei Kim, uKonstantin Abanesibindi, Coviello, Okunye Tal Sash otaku noFeliksi. Samizdat ezihilela laba nezinye ababhali bangezi abafundi abangaphansi kuka-ngokwakho Anime uqobo.

Ukwahlukanisa otaku Japanese

Nomura Research Institute (NRI) usesebenze ezifundwayo ezimbili atshonayo kuqala 2004 kanti owesibili - ngo-2005 Ngenxa yalokho, ososayensi baye bakwazi ukuhlonza izindawo 12 ezinkulu isithakazelo:

• ngoba iqembu elikhulu, izinkulungwane 350 otaku - manga .;
• . Ayizinkulungwane 280 liyajabulisa pop izithombe nosaziwayo;
• . Ayizinkulungwane 250 babekholelwa travel wokuzilibazisa yakhe;
• . 190 ayizinkulungwane - ikhompyutha abalandeli;
• . Ayizinkulungwane 160 uyakuthanda isiqophi imidlalo;
• . 140 ayizinkulungwane - izimoto;
• 110 ayizinkulungwane -. Anime.

Asele izigaba ezinhlanu zihlanganisa mobile imishini, alalelwayo video imishini, amakhamera, abalandeli, imfashini kanye nezitimela.

Uma ubheka ngqo kubalandeli anime, ungakhetha elinye iqembu ezithakazelisayo - hentayschika.

Phakathi izinhlobo Japanese izithombe yilokhu lonke isizwe ayeliqamba izithombe zobulili ezingcolile - kodwa yelanga eliphumayo ukuba inkinga ehlukile kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona futhi iqembu kwetfulwe eqondile otaku. Hentai - yilokho kwenzalo wokuzilibazisa lwalaba bantu.

osaziwayo Otaku

Anime umlutha abantu abavamile nje kuphela - phakathi osaziwayo kakhulu ukuhlangabezana abalandeli lolu hlobo. Phakathi kwabo - a ethandwa umculi Japanese Shoko Nakagawa (ukushaya ngqo ngokwayo manga kanye anime otaku), umculi nomlingisikazi Mari Yaguchi, actress Kasia Toshiki, Natsuki Kato nomlingisikazi futhi imodeli Tiyaki Kuriyama.

Fanfiction futhi samizdat

Lapho kukhona umsebenzi, kukhona fanfiction - okusebenza ngendlela efanayo maqondana amanoveli Western noma ewuchungechunge, futhi maqondana anime manga. Kanti kwezinye izimo kuphumela self-ukushicilela. Otaku udala ngemisebenzi yabo ngesimo imidwebo, izindaba noma amanoveli, futhi ivame ukunyathelisa izindaba kwi-inthanethi noma izincwadi ezifanele ngezindleko zabo.

Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yalolu hlelo kukhona "inkanyezi" esisha - kanye umbuthano iqala entsha: fanfiction manje wadala okusekelwe imisebenzi umbhali entsha ethandwa.

Samizdat otaku iyathandwa, ikakhulukazi phakathi abalandeli wangempela. izindaba Found - umlingisi losemcoka - emhlabeni popadanets anime noma manga-umthombo noma umbhali eyethula SG entsha emhlabeni esifanayo, noma umsunguli kuthatha nabalingiswa abasemqoka kusukela umsebenzi yokuqala, ngesakhiwo siyashintsha ngokuphelele ukunambitheka.

Ngo-Russian "umphakathi" fikrayterov (inani elikhulu lapho kungatholakala lib.ru) anime fanfikshena kakhulu. Ngokusho "amahlaya Japanese" ungabhali eziningi - phakathi kwabo, isibonelo, eyaziwa kule mibuthano Otaku uFeliksi, e yefa elisebenza emhlabeni wonke, "Bleach" futhi "Sekirei".

On umbuzo lithathelwe nomphakathi

Anime edume kunazo zonke, wayithukuthelisa ukuvela amakhulu fan letingemaciniso - "Naruto" "Bleach", "Evangelion", "Ikhodi Giass", "Shaman King», «One piece». Ohlwini esifanayo, ungakwazi ukwengeza futhi "inceku Dark", "Ukufa Qaphela", "Fullmetal Alchemist", "Knight we vampire." Okungenhla uFeliksi otaku, isibonelo, wabhala ethandwa eziningana phakathi abalandeli fanfikshena usebenza zomhlaba "Bleach" - "kusho uCaptain" futhi umjikelezo "Akunalutho".

EJapane ngokwayo ibe mangaka (manga umdali) - ukuze abe umsebenzi ehlonishwa kakhulu, futhi kuncike umshicileli noma udumo ukuthola iholo ehloniphekile.

Nokho, ngokushesha nje lapho umlobi iqala ukwamukela inkokhelo ngomsebenzi wabo, akabuyi abe khona i amateur. Nokho, lokho akusho ayeka ukuba khona i otaku. UFeliksi, okumelelwe e inethiwekhi self-Ukushicilela imisebenzi ngempela okuhle kuze kudlule le mfanelo. Futhi lapha, isibonelo, Nadezhda Kuzmina (kumbhali wesiyingi iNdlovukazi kanye Dragon "Timiredis") kakade ishicilela izincwadi zabo njengoba umlobi professional.