PCI-E slot x16: izici kanye nokubuyekeza. PCI-E x16 ihluzo ikhadi

Cishe zonke motherboards yesimanje okwamanje ifakwe i ukunwetshwa slot PCI-E x16. Lokhu akusona isimanga: lishona a ihluzo leyehlukene namafutha ngaphandle okuyinto ukudalwa elikhiqizayo ikhompyutha siqu engenakwenzeka. Kumayelana ukubonakala kwakhe prehistory, ezibekiweko lobuchwepheshe kanye izindlela kungenzeka wokusebenza ngeke ukuqhubekisela phambili kuwo.

Ingemuva ukubukeka ukunwetshwa Slots

Ngo kowezi-2000, ne AGP ukunwetshwa slot, ngaleso sikhathi kwakusetshenziswa ukufaka ezehlukene ihluzo amakhadi, kukhona isimo lapho esiphezulu ukusebenza ezingeni kufinyelelwe futhi umthamo wayo akwanele. Ngenxa yalokho, umfelandawonye PCI-SIG yadalwa, elaqala ukuthuthukisa software kanye hardware izingxenye Slots esizayo ihluzo amakhadi. Isithelo umsebenzi wakhe futhi waba ngo-2002 sebhithi lokuqala PCI Express 1.0 16x.

Ezinye izinkampani ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana we ezimbili ezikhona ngaleso sikhathi ngesikhathi ukufakwa ihluzo leyehlukene adaptha nezimbobo ziye zasungula idivayisi ekhethekile evumela ukuthi wena ukusetha yisikhathi ihluzo izixazululo endaweni ukunwetshwa slot entsha. Olimini ochwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa babefana igama lalo - adaptha PCI-E x16 / AGP. Inhloso Its main - kuyinto ukunciphisa izindleko nokuthuthukela PC ngokusebenzisa izakhi kanye ukucushwa yangaphambili iyunithi uhlelo. Kodwa lo mkhuba uye ayitholakalanga zamukelwa kabanzi ngenxa yokuthi ividiyo ikhadi entry level ohlelweni olusha waba izindleko cishe ilingana intengo adaptha.

Parallel kule, ziye zakhelwe noma ngaphezu ukuguqulwa okulula Slots ukunwetshwa for abalawuli zangaphandle, owathatha ngemva esivamile ukuthi nezimbobo isikhathi PCI. Naphezu ukufana okusobala kwalezi amadivayisi nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu. Uma AGP futhi PCI kungaba ukuziqhayisa ukudluliselwa parallel kolwazi, lapha kwaba PCI Express esibonakalayo serial. Isivinini salo ephakeme inikeza kakhulu anda ijubane ukudluliswa kwedatha kwimodi egcwele Duplex (kulokhu kwaziswa kungagcinwa ngobulili kusukela izinkomba ezimbili).

Speed ukuwudlulisa ukubethela indlela

Ukuqokwa PCI-E interface x16 inombolo kubonisa isibalo bands ukusebenza ukudluliswa kwedatha. Kulokhu kukhona 16. Ngamunye wabo, esikhundleni salokho, siqukethe 2 ngazimbili izintambo ukuze adlulisele ulwazi. Njengoba kuphawuliwe, isivinini ephakeme olunikezwa yokuthi lezi ngazimbili usebenza kwimodi egcwele Duplex. Okungukuthi, ukudluliswa kolwazi angaya ngezindlela ezimbili.

Ekuvikeleni ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka noma ukonakala kwanoma idatha ngocansi esetshenziswa kule interface kuyinto ulwazi Uhlelo lokuvikela, okuthiwa 8b / 10B. Lokhu notation is ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo: I-ukudluliswa efanele futhi efanele 8 ibhithi idatha kuyadingeka ukuze anezele olusemthethweni yabo 2 izingcezu ukwenza kuqinisekiswa. Kulokhu uhlelo has ukuze uthumele 20 per cent kolwazi olusemthethweni ukuthi umsebenzisi computer akusho athwale Inkokhelo. Kodwa le mali ngoba operation okuthembekile oqine ihluzo subsystem kwe-computer siqu, futhi ngaphandle ngokuqinisekile akakwazi ukukwenza.

Inguqulo PCI-E

PCI-E slot x16 ubukeka ezifanayo kuzo zonke motherboards. lapha kuphela idatha yokudlulisela rate esimweni ngasinye zingafani ezibonakalayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza idivayisi ubuye ezahlukene. A ukuguqulwa lokhu GUI yilezi:

• 1st ukuguqulwa PCI - Express x16 v. 1.0 waba-bandwidth ezincwadini 8 GB / s.
• 2nd Generation PCI - Express x16 v. 2.0 Singase kakade ngizibonge kabili ukubaluleka ubungako bokudlulisa - 16 GB / s.
• A mkhuba efanayo uye waqhubeka kakade inguqulo wesithathu esibonakalayo. Kulokhu, izinga zase zihleliwe at 64 GB / s.

Yesilinganiso zihlukaniswa ilungiselelo oxhumana nabo laba Slots akunakwenzeka. Kanjalo kukhona iyahambisana nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, uma version slot 3.0 ukusungula Imali ihluzo ikhadi esifanelana ku ngokomzimba ungqimba sebhithi 2.0, lonke uhlelo lokucubungula ihluzo ngokuzenzakalelayo ukushintshela ku ngaphansi imodi ngesivinini (ie, 2.0), futhi uyoba esikhathini esizayo ukuyisebenzisa nge namandla 64 GB / s.

Isizukulwane sokuqala PCI Express

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, eyokuqala PCI Express yethulwa ngo-2002. ukuvakasha kwakhe imakwe Njengoba sekunama-computer siqu nge ihluzo amakhadi amaningi, okuyinto bayakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngisho olulodwa neqoqo namafutha ngesivinini. AGP 8x ejwayelekile kwenza inzuzo komkhawulokudonsa of 2.1 GB / s, ukubalwa lokuqala PCI Express - 8 GB / s.

Yiqiniso, inkulumo mayelana nokukhula eightfold akudingekile. amaphesenti ukwanda 20 yasetshenziselwa adlulisele ulwazi iyisevisi ekuvumela ukuba nawe ukuthola amaphutha.

Ukuguqulwa Okwesibili PCI-E

Ukuze bavale isikhala salo isizukulwane lokuqala isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza ngo-2007 kwavela PCI-E 2. 0 x16. ikhadi Isiqophi isizukulwane 2nd, njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, ngokomzimba futhi isofthiwe iyahambisana ukuguqulwa yokuqala yale esibonakalayo. Kuphela kuleli cala kakhulu ziyancipha ukusebenza kohlelo ihluzo ukuze PCI Express 1.0 16x-level okufushane kokusetshenziswa kubonwa.

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ubeke umkhawulo ukudluliswa ulwazi kuleli cala zazilingana 16 GB / s. Kodwa amaphesenti inzuzo okuholela 20 sasetshenziswa phezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, esimweni sokuqala ukudluliswa yangempela kulingana: 8 GB / s - (8 GB / s x 20%: 100%) = 6.4 Gbit / s. A ukubulawa kwabo GUI yesibili ukubaluleka kwaba kanje: 16 GB / s - (16 GB / s x 20%: 100%) = 12.8 GB / s. Sokuhlukanisa 12.8 GB / s 6.4 GB / s, sithola real esisebenzayo isivinini nokwanda kokungabi 2 nesibaya phakathi 1st nasekubulaleni 2nd PCI Express.

isizukulwane sesithathu

The last futhi isibuyekezo sakamuva le interface yanyatheliswa ngo-2010. Inani Eliphakeme PCI-E isivinini x16 kulokhu luyanda 64 GB / s, futhi ngomthamo usuwonke ihluzo adaptha ngaphandle kwamandla angeziwe kulokhu kungase kube elilingana 75 Watts.

Izinketho ukucupha nge eziningana accelerators ingcaca njengengxenye PC. elithola zabo kanye nebubi

Omunye ezintsha ababaluleke kakhulu kulo msebenzi esibonakalayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba amaningi ihluzo adapters ku isondo-E PCI x16. ikhadi Isiqophi kuhlanganiswe nomunye ukwakha kakhulu kungaphefumuli olulodwa. umthamo wabo Imininingwane sengezwe, futhi ikuvumela izikhathi eziningana ukwandisa ijubane PC ne yokuma ukuboniswa processing image. Ukuze izixazululo kusukela NVIDIA kule modi libizwa SLI, kodwa GPUs kusukela AMD - Crossfire.

Ikusasa lalesi ejwayelekile

Slot PCI-E x16 esikhathini esizayo, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke kushintshe. Lokhu kuzovumela iyashelela ukusetshenziswa isiqophi njengengxenye PC akusebenzi futhi kanjalo afeze ukuthuthukiswa ikhishiwe kohlelo computer. Manje nenza ukucaciswa version wesi-4 indlela ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ukuze ihluzo adapters kulokhu zizonikezwa inani eliphezulu komkhawulokudonsa of 128 GB / s. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba sibonise isithombe esikrinini ngokuthi "4K" nokuningi.

Imiphumela

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, futhi PCI-E x16 okwamanje ayinakho okunye ihluzo slot futhi esibonakalayo. Ngeke kube lusizo isikhathi eside. ongakhetha zayo ukuba ukwazi ukudala kokubili i-computer entry level kanye ephezulu PC nge accelerators amaningi. Kuyinto ngenxa yalesi eguquguqukayo kanye is akulindelekile izinguquko eziphawulekayo le niche.