Qamba Fern zilwane. Amagama lezitho izakhiwo of a Fern

Omunye izitshalo endala ku iplanethi yethu Fern. Sikhula e amahlathi emvula futhi ezindaweni boggy. Kuze kube manje, bangaphezu kuka-20,000 zama-lesi sihlahla esiyingqayizivele. Igama Izinhlobo nokwakheka kwawo, sihlola ngokuningiliziwe kulesi sihloko.

incazelo

Kusukela oda Izinhlobo basonta umnyango izitshalo ephakeme. Sinenkosi indwangu conductive, onikeza izidakamizwa namanzi kuzo zonke izinhlaka. Izitshalo aqukethe impande, stem namaqabunga evuthiwe. Izimbali kanye imbewu akudingeki. Kabanzi amagama emizimbeni Izinhlobo Kuzoxoxwa. Lezi zitshalo kungatholakala cishe kuzo zonke izingxenye zomhlaba. Nokho, ezindaweni ezishisayo ezinomswakama bagxila ngokwehlukahlukana kwabo okukhulu. On the Ubukhulu yalezi izitshalo abancane kakhulu (ngamasentimitha ambalwa), futhi ngempela mude, onamandla (kufika ku-20 metres).

Amagama lezitho izakhiwo of a Fern

Roots. Kulesi plant okhonzile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi impande cishe athuthukile, esikhundleni, amahlumela namaqabunga kwakhiwa. I sifanamsindvo zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kokubili ku isakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nokubukeka. Ezinye Izinhlobo kungenzeka ezinwabuzelayo noma ukugibela, kodwa njalo kakhulu oqondile abavamile. Kusukela stem up fade amahlamvu kahle esikhulu. Zenza umsebenzi sporulation futhi fotositneza. On the underside we amahlamvu uvuthwe sporophylls. Awela emhlabathini, "owesifazane" ezinhlamvu sikhule prothallia okuyizinto amapuleti elincane amise okwenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile, ububanzi hhayi okungaphezu kokukodwa isentimitha. On the surface zingqimba okuthiwa umthondo "besifazane". mikrozarostki ezinhlamvu besilisa kwakheka abavuthiwe isidoda. Iyathwalwa ngumoya, izihlahla ziwele phezu kwabo, utshani, njll Ngemva nokuvuthwa igobolondo futhi ukudabuka yayo imbewu "owesilisa" basesimweni imvelo. Nge amanzi isidoda engena zarostok zesifazane. Ngakho kukhona isitshalo entsha. Kulesi buyabuna inhliziyo-zarostok futhi lufe. Ezinye Izinhlobo zingandiswa vegetatively. Kulokhu, izitshalo ezintsha akhiwa amahlamvu amadala olele phansi. Njengoba ukumila enhlabathini bese lukhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngo Izinhlobo cambium engekho. Yingakho amandla abo nokukhula kukhawulwe, futhi phezu Isiqu asiyona izindandatho yonyaka. Lawa izitshalo esiyingqayizivele - Izinhlobo.

Izinhlobo kanye namagama

Amanye amalungu kule yunithi kukhona zokuhlobisa kakhulu. Okunye ezinjengohlinzamfuku, izithombe kanye namagama ezichazwe kulesi sihloko, ezahlukene ukuphulukiswa izakhiwo. Kanti abanye - kuthiwa asakazwa kakhulu ubuciko Culinary (Bracken, strausnik, osmundra brown). Zikhona izitshalo ezinobuthi, ezifana Dryopteris. Izinhlobo, kuncike kwendawo zihlukaniswe eliwumhlaba futhi zasemanzini. Kukhona elinye iqembu elikhulu - esihlahleni.

Nephrolepis

Okwazalelwa zalesi sitshalo enhle ngokumangalisayo zasendlini kuyinto ezishisayo zaseMelika. Anakho eside, lwalugobile arc vayami amahlamvu mihlobiso zikanokusho.

intshe Fern

Igama lalesi sihlahla lithole sibonga ukufana kwamazwi amaqabunga nge ukuma nentshe izimpaphe. Sikhula emaphethelweni emaxhaphozini, emahlathini manzi futhi floodplains. zizalela Fast, lesi sitshalo wakha amahlozi obukhulu. It strausnik zisebenzisa Florists for sezimbali amalungiselelo flower.

lady-Fern

Sikhula ezindaweni grey ukubopha. It kungabonakala nemihosha kanye peatlands ezinamahlathi. Athyrium yakha tussock e marshland. amahlamvu wakhe kakhulu dissected abe nombala ukukhanya green. Ebusika, zife. Impande yalo esifushane, kodwa uqweqwe ngokwanele. Entwasahlobo eqala ukukhula amahlamvu ezintsha abasha. isitshalo ezinhlamvu okusakazwa.

phlebodium segolide

Lesi sitshalo sikhula ezihlahleni, kokuba esesiqwini sesihlahla "imilenze." Kuye ezinwabuzelayo esigaxeni nge athambile ansundu-igolide ishq, okuyindawo ukudlulisa pinnate eshiya amamitha mayelana 1.5 ubude.

Bracken

Ukuphakama isitshalo ongafinyelela amasentimitha angaphezu kuka-60. Kwenzeka cishe kuyo yonke indawo, ngisho on nenhlabathi ezomile futhi ngimpofu. Fern has a esigaxeni nendawo eside ramified, okuyinto asuke amahlamvu olulodwa ophuzi. Izimpande lesi sitshalo okwelapha futhi asetshenziswa wesayensi yezokwelapha.

maidenhair

Ngo abantu, lesi sitshalo ubizwa ngokuthi "izinwele ntokazi." It has a mncane kakhulu futhi eside (ngamasentimitha 35) we amahlamvu ukukhanya-luhlaza wahlela black sifanamsindvo. Maidenhair ukuthandwa umthunzi ngokwengxenye. It zingatshalwa ekhaya izingadi noma ekhaya.

Dryopteris

Emvelweni lesi sitshalo sikhula ezintabeni yamadwala noma ehlathini wesihlahla. Njengoba-ke singafinyelela ubude obungamamitha ngamasentimitha 30 kuya 150. Dryopteris has esigaxeni ezinamandla, okuyinto asuke amahlamvu nge petioles eside ukwakha esidayisa goblet. Utfutfukisa isitshalo kancanekancane. Qamba Izinhlobo kwezinye izimo, ngenxa izici oyizalayo. Kungashiwo mayelana Dryopteris. On underside amaqabunga zalesi sihlahla zitholakala emizimbeni evundile embozwe reniform sinkers like izihlangu. Lesi sici awunika igama lokuthi Fern. Lesi sitshalo luwushevu. Noma kunjalo, odokotela abaningi ukuyisebenzisa ukwenziwa isiphunzi ukuphulukiswa potions.

tsiateynye umndeni

Lihlanganisa izinto ezingaphezu kuka-600 izinhlobo zezitshalo. Lezi Izinhlobo isihlahla basakaza ikakhulu zokuzamazama ezinomswakama elishisayo. Plant Ukuphakama ongafinyelela amamitha angaphezu kuka amabili. Ukuzinza Fern kungenzeka ngenxa plexus aminyene izimpande kanzima adventitious ezakha ikhava emgqonyeni. Amaqabunga ngokuvamile pinnate, mikhulu kakhulu. Ubude yabo lingafika ngamamitha ayisithupha. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-Izinhlobo (amagama nezithombe ethulwa kuleli khasi) endaweni lokunamathelisa zingxenye kuya lamina core ube izigaba okusaqanda lendwangu womoya. Basuke esetshenziselwa negesi lokushintshisana. Kwezinye izitshalo, izindawo womoya banikwa phezu ishidi.

tsibotievye umndeni

Imila ikakhulu emahlathini Asia, eMelika Ephakathi, eMexico, e-South China futhi Hawaii. Abameleli lo mndeni ube stem ngqo. Ihamba - kabili noma kathathu pinnate. Phezulu umgqomo embozwe ikhava zokuzivikela, ehlanganisa izinwele esithambile eside. Amaqabunga ayo amancane zalesi sitshalo edliwayo.

Tirsopterisovye

Amalungu alo mkhaya - Fern Thyrsopteris elegans ikhula kuphela esiqhingini Juan Fernandez, ise-Pacific Ocean eduze eNingizimu Melika. ukuphakama kwalo imayelana 1.5 amamitha.

Kultsitovye

Emelelwa Izinhlobo enkulu nge-stem ezinwabuzelayo. Ubude isitshalo, njengoba umthetho, ingeqi ngamasentimitha 50. Ihamba - 4, 5-pinnate encane (kufika ku-3 cm). Petioles kukhona ukukhanya noma konsundu. Amahlamvu kungukuthi efakwe ngokugcwele, downy ukukhanya onsundu ngokuphaphathekile noma abe izinwele ngokubomvu. Amagama izitshalo Fern kwalesi silwane ezilandelayo: Culcita coniifolia (likhula enyakatho futhi imaphakathi nendawo neNingizimu Melika) futhi C. macrocarpa (e Macaronesian esifundeni floristic). I lalezi zinyoni liye landa kancane kancane kuncipha. Yingakho lolu hlobo Fern kufakwe ohlwini izitshalo evikelwe ePortugal naseSpain.

amanzi

Igama Fern - Salvinia marsileya futhi - basonta iqembu lesithathu zezitshalo echazwe yithi. Bahlala kuphela imizimba amanzi.

Four-Marsileya

Lena isitshalo esincane zisetshenziswa has a ububanzi amahlamvu klinkovidno-babanjwa. Sporokarpii 2-3 izinto ngasesinqeni se-petiole. Ngamunye wabo has a ubude mayelana 5 kwangu. Ngokuvamile Marsilea ukuphakama ingeqi ngamasentimitha amabili. Nokho, petioles elintantayo amahlamvu ongafinyelela 80 cm futhi esigaxeni - 1 imitha. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo Fern esetshenziselwa zokuhlobisa yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi.

Salvinia

Lesi simila kungokwalabo ezingavamile futhi kudinga Ukuvikelwa. Isikhathi esining impela, Salvini Simila ngqo engadini aquarium. Lesi sitshalo kungabonakala amanzi izingadi zezimila. Ngaphandle, it akafani Izinhlobo evamile. Isiqu Salvinia eside futhi mncane (mayelana 15 cm). Amahlamvu lubuthwe ezintathu. Bobabili wonke cordate okweqanda. ishidi Okwesithathu - kwamanzi. It ihlanganiswa ne izinwele futhi sibe yimichilo asamicwana, afana izimpande. Leli shidi ubamba a izakhi namanzi.

Indian

Igama kwalesi silwane Izinhlobo akuyona amahlebezi eyaziwa kubalandeli of flora aquarium. Izitshalo zikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo emhlabeni. Amahlamvu aso ukukhanya green bafa kahle. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, okuqukethwe bangakwazi ukufinyelela ukuphakama 40-50 ngamasentimitha.

Thailand

izitshalo Homeland - South-East Asia. Fern has a lukathayela, ngesandla esiqinile amahlamvu lanceolate, ongafinyelela ngamasentimitha amathathu ukuphakama. Basuke eqondiswa aluhlaza rhizomes eziqinile.