Petersburg Mint nomlando wayo

Omunye amakhadi ibhizinisi Petersburg ubizwa kufanele kubhekwe Mint yakhe - omunye edume kakhulu emhlabeni. Yaqalwa ngo-1724, kwaba ekugcineni umkhiqizi elikhulu zemali - kuhlanganise igolide nesiliva, izindondo, timphawu kanye neminye imikhiqizo esenziwe non-ayoni. Saint Petersburg Mint yilona wokuqala ochungechungeni ezinze enhlokodolobha enyakatho wamabhizinisi ezimbonini.

Mint ku iNeva

Phakathi imibhalo komlando Petrine inkathi wahlala esimemezelweni kombusi, sangomhla Disemba 12, 1724. SoMkhulu wamyala endaweni eyayisanda kwakhiwa uPetru noPawulu Fortress ukusungula minting segolide zemali. Lolu suku iyona Petersburg Mint uyazicabangela usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho izinhlamvu zemali zokuqala Russian gqizisa isifinyezo "SPB", ajwayelekile ngakho namuhla bonke abathelisi zemali futhi baba, bekwaba ngu-1914, isici esiphawula leli Petersburg ayenza lezi zinhlamvu.

Phakathi nenkathi kusukela yaqala, inkampani kubalwa zemali bezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene zegolide, i-platinum, nesiliva. Futhi kwenziwe ezinye oda angaphandle. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhiqizwa ducats Dutch 1768-1769, ngokulandelana, futhi piastres Turkish esikhathini kusuka 1808 kuya 1809. Kusukela 1833 ke wethulwa ukukhiqizwa zemali isiRashiya, kwadingeka ezimbili ihlelo Russian-Polish. Impikiswano zinhlamvu kwaqhubeka waze 1841.

Recoinage ubudala futhi ukukhiqizwa zemali entsha

Lapho mints neuropathy ezifana Tauride (Feodosia), Suzunsky (eSiberia) kanye Tiflis, ukusungula ukukhiqiza elilandelayo izinhlobo zemali, isivivinyo yochungechunge zavezwa, njengoba umthetho, loMfula iNeva. Kukhona zemali ubufakazi kusukela nickel ezazenziwa ngo-1911. Kutfutfukiswa ubuchwepheshe of umkhiqizo wabo senziwa ngqo endaweni yokucwaninga ye Mint.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kusukela 1762 ngokuphindaphindiwe minting zemali wawenzela 1796 eRussia, okungukuthi, enikeza zemali ngaphambilini kubalwa yesithombe ezahlukene nge isitembu entsha. It kwabangelwa yezizathu zezomnotho. Ukwenza ihlelo Petersburg Mint njengoba ofanele kakhulu ngokuya amakhono obuchwepheshe okwakhethwa.

Ngenxa kunalokho okusezingeni eliphezulu ezingeni kwezobuchwepheshe zokukhiqiza, lapho ngokuvamile ekhiqizwa indlovukazi amaseli - izitembu impumuzo isithombe ngoba mints yasekhaya, kanye eziningi izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe eziye usayinde izinkontileka ne uhulumeni waseRussia.

umklomelo Production emamaki

Ngaphezu imikhiqizo lufakwe ohlwini, leyo Petersburg Mint kweminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi owenziwe ukwenziwa izindondo imihlobiso. Kwakuyisiqondiso sendikimba ehlukile futhi ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi wayo. ukukhiqizwa onjalo eyinkimbinkimbi ezithile, ngoba kudinga kokubili izinga eliphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nobuciko. Umlando uye walilondoloza amagama abaningi abavelele abaculi-medalists we emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

Ucwaningo lwesayensi endaweni yokucwaninga ibhizinisi

Mint naye ungowasendaweni okufanela elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi kazwelonke kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngisho phakathi nekhulu XVIII, nezindonga zayo waqala umsebenzi ucwaningo ukwehlukana amatshe ayigugu. Zihlobene kakhulu ne amagama abaqambi abadumile isiRashiya, ezifana A. K. Nartov, I. A. Shlatter, P. G. Sobolevsky noB S. Yakobi. Umsebenzi wabo waba nethonya elikhulu intuthuko yobuciko Russian XVIII-XIX eminyaka.

Esikhathini kusuka 1876 kuya 1942 main zokukhiqiza indawo zonke izinhlobo zemali, izindondo imihlobiso iyona Petersburg Mint, uphawu lapho kungabonwa iningi imikhiqizo langaleso sikhathi. Esegunjini, ubuchwepheshe ohlukile ukupheka enamels zenzelwe zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-yokukhiqiza izitshalo ekukhiqizweni imihlobiso kanye izindondo.

Mint phakathi nempi

Lapho kuqala impi ngo-1941, ingxenye enkulu imishini ibhizinisi waxoshelwa ezingemuva futhi izinze e Krasnokamsk iphepha isigayo ezitolo 'Goznak ". Kukhona futhi ukufakwa yayo nokubeka bathunyelwa esuka kude impela eLeningrad amane Ochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe.

Lena konke ayengakwenza ukuze usize emzini ovinjezelwe, njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi abasebenzi bayo kwaba phambili, ngalwa nabezempi. Phakathi nempi, lapho isidingo imiklomelo kanye izindondo laliphezulu kakhulu, Mint Krasnokamsk wayengakwazi ngokugcwele kuye. Kule ndaba, uhulumeni wanquma ukusungula Mint e Moscow, ensimini ka isitshalo zokunyathelisa.

I ibhizinisi endala "Goznak"

Namuhla Petersburg Mint, emele ube nebala zemali eziningi zanamuhla futhi izindondo, ingxenye Russian Association "Goznak".

Eminyakeni yamuva enwetshiwe okunezinhlobonhlobo kwemikhiqizo kuwo kakhulu, ngoba ngaphezu oda isimo igcwaliseka yangasese, uyeza kokubili kusuka ngabanye futhi kusukela izakhiwo commercial ahlukahlukene. Isifinyezo SPMD (Petersburg Mint) kubuye kahle ajwayelekile kubo bonke abathelisi kabani uthando uqoqa zemali.